A state-of-the-art review of esophageal trauma: Where do we stand?

Diseases of the Esophagus

Volumn 20, Issue 4, 2007, Pages 279-289

  Plott, E ^a   Jones, David ^b   McDermott, D ^a   Levoyer, T ^b  

^a San Antonio Uniformed Services Health Education Consortium   (United States)

^b BROOKE ARMY MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

Boerhaave's; Endoscopy; Esophageal rupture; Esophageal trauma; Esophagus

Indexed keywords

ANTIBIOTIC AGENT;

ANAMNESIS; ANTIBIOTIC THERAPY; CHEMICAL INJURY; CONSERVATIVE TREATMENT; ENDOSCOPY; ESOPHAGUS INJURY; ESOPHAGUS PERFORATION; HUMAN; INSTRUMENTATION; NONHUMAN; OUTCOME ASSESSMENT; PARENTERAL NUTRITION; PHYSICAL EXAMINATION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RADIATION INJURY; REVIEW; SURGICAL INJURY;

ALGORITHMS; ESOPHAGUS; HUMANS; WOUNDS AND INJURIES;

EID: 34447301492     PISSN: 11208694     EISSN: 14422050     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1442-2050.2007.00714.x     Document Type: Review

References (62)

1. Kearney D J, McDonald B G. Esophageal disorders caused by infection, systemic illness, medication, radiation and trauma. In: Feldman M, ed. Sleisenger and Fordtran's Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease 7th edn. Philadelphia: Saunders; 2006; 623-646.
2. Silvis S E et.al. Endoscopic complications. Results of the 1974 American society for gastrointestinal endoscopy survey. J Am Med Assoc 1976; 235: 928.
3. Eisen G M et.al. Complications of upper GI endoscopy. Gastrointestinal Endoscopy 2002; 55: 784-93.
4. Floch M, Floch N. Netter's Gastroenterology 2004.
5. Love L, Berkow A. Trauma to the esophagus. Gastrointestinal Radiol 1978; 2: 305-21.
6. Lowell M J. Esophagus, stomach and duodenum. In: Marx J A, ed. Rosen's Emergency Medicine. Concepts and Clinical Practice 6th edn. Philadelphia: Mosby; 2006. MD Consult webHite. Available at: http://www.mdconsult.com/das/book/body/734646356/596817643/1365/253.html. Accessed 21 June, 2007.
7. Younes Z, Johnson D. The spectrum of spontaneous and iatrogenic esophageal injury: Perforations, mallory-weiss tears, and hematomas. J Clin Gastroenterol 1999; 29: 306-17.
8. Pasricha P J et.al. Endoscopic perforations of the upper digestive tract: A review of their pathogenesis, prevention, and mangagement. Gastroenterology 1994; 106: 787-802.
9. Wolfsen H C et.al. Complications of endoscopy of the upper gastrointestinal tract: A single-center experience. Mayo Clinic Proc 2004; 79: 1264-7.
10. Lafontaine E. Instrumentation injury of the oesophagus. In: Jamieson G G, ed. Surgery of the Oesophagus. London: Churchill Livingstone; 1988.
11. DeMeester T R. Perforation of the esophagus. Ann Thoracic Surg 1986; 42: 231-2.
12. Loop F D, Groves L K. Esophageal perforations. Ann Thoracic Surg 1970; 10: 571-87.
13. Smith C F, Tanner N C. The complications of gastroscopy and esophagoscopy. Br J Surg 1956; 43: 396-403.
14. Wright R A. Upper esophageal perforation with a flexible endoscope secondary to cervical osteophytes. Digestive Dis Sci 1980; 25: 66-8.
15. Amir A I, van Dullemen H, Plukker J T. Selective approach in the treatment of esophageal perforations. Scand J Gastroenterol 2004; 39: 418-2.
16. Nair L A et.al. Complications during pneumatic dilation for achalasia or diffuse esophageal spasm: Analysis of risk factors, early clinical characteristics, and outcome. Digestive Dis Sci 1993; 38: 1893-904.
17. Radhika T S et.al. Boerhaave's syndrome -a case report and literature review. Int J Thoracic Cardiovascular Surgery 2004; 20: 111-2.
18. Shintaku M et.al. Esophageal perforation in association with herpesvirus infection: Report of an autopsy case. Am J Gastroenterol 1992; 87: 1524-5.
19. Cappell M S. Esophageal necrosis and perforation associated with the anticardiolipin antibody syndrome. Am J Gastroenterol 1994; 89: 1241-5.
20. Rubesin S, Beatty S. The postoperative esophagus. Seminars Roentgenol 1994; 29: 401-10.
21. Paul I et.al. Perforation of the lower thoracic oesophagus following crush injury to the chest and abdomen. Eur J Cardiothoracic Surg 2005; 27: 526-8.
22. Park N H et.al. Ischemic esophageal necrosis secondary to traumatic aortic transection. Ann Thoracic Surg 2004; 78: 2175-8.
23. Benmoussa M et.al. [Rupture of the low thoracic esophagus after blast trauma]. Tunis Med 2004; 82: 311-5.
24. Gill S S et.al. Seatbelt injury causing perforation of the cervical esophagus: A case report and review of the literature. Am Surgeon 2004; 70: 32-4.
25. Asensio J et.al. Penetrating esophageal injuries: Multicenter study of the American Association for the Surgery of Trauma. J Trauma-Injury, Infection Crit Care 2001; 50: 289-96.
26. Triadafilopoulos M D. Caustic esophageal injury in adults. In: Rose B D, ed. UpToDate online. Waltham, MA, 2005. UpToDate website. Available at: http://www.uptodateonline.com. Accessed 21 December 2005.
27. Swann L, Munter D. Gastrointestinal emergencies, Part 1: Esophageal emergencies. Emergency Med Clinics North America 1996; 14: 557-70.
28. Qiao W et.al. Clinical and dosimetric factors of radiation-induced esophageal injury: Radiation-induced esophageal toxicity. World J Gastroenterol 2005; 11: 2626-9.
29. Doll N et.al. Esophageal perforation during left atrial radiofrequenc ablation: Is the risk too high? J Thoracic Cardiovascular Surg 2003; 125: 836-42.
30. Berjano E, Hornero F. What affects esophageal injury during radiofrequency ablation of the left atrium? An engineering study based on finite-element analysis. Physiol Measurement 2005; 26: 837-48.
31. Shama D M, Odell J. Penetrating neck trauma with tracheal and oesophageal injuries. Br J Surg 1984; 71: 534-6.
32. Popovsky J. Perforations of the esophagus from gunshot wounds. J Trauma 1984; 24: 337-9.
33. Tomaselli F et.al. Management of iatrogenous esophagus perforation. Thoracic Cardiovascular Surg 2002; 50: 168-73.
34. Glatterer M S et.al. Management of blunt and penetrating external esophageal trauma. J Trauma 1985; 25: 784-92.
35. Ballesta-Lopez C et.al. Iatrogenic perforations of the esophagus. Int Surg 1993; 78: 28-31.
36. Weiman D S et.al. Noniatrogenic esophageal trauma. Ann Thoracic Surg 1995; 59: 845-50.
37. Smakman N et.al. Factors affecting outcome in penetrating oesophageal trauma. Br J Surg 2004; 91: 1513-9.
38. Shaffer H A et.al. Esophgeal perforation: A reassessment of the criteria for choosing medical or surgical therapy. Arch Intern Med 1992; 152: 757-62.
39. Skinner D B et.al. Management of esophageal perforation. Am J Surg 1980; 139: 760-5.
40. Angeli M C. Enfisema sottocutaneo. Chirurgia Taracica Per Tutti 2001. http://www.chirurgiatoracica.org/enfisema_s_.htm.
41. Ghahremani G. Esophageal trauma. Seminars Roentgenol 1994; 29: 387-400.
42. Fadoo F et.al. Helical CT esophagography for the evaluation of suspected esophageal perforation or rupture. Am J Roentgenol 2004; 182: 1177-9.
43. Brinster C J et.al. Evolving options in the management of esophageal perforation. Ann Thoracic Surg 2004; 77: 1475-83.
44. Raju G S et.al. Emerging endoscopic options in the management of esophageal leaks. Gastrointestinal Endoscopy 2005; 62: 278-86.
45. Kiernan P D et.al. Thoracic esophageal perforations. Southern Med J 2003; 96: 158-63.
46. Koniaris L G, Spector S A, Staveley-O'Carroll K F. Complete esophageal diversion: A simplified, easily reversible technique. J Am College Surgeons 2004; 199: 991-3.
47. Richardson J D. Management of esophageal perforations: The value of aggressive surgical treatment. Am J Surg 2005; 190: 161-5.
48. Richardson J D, Tobin G R. Closure of esophageal defects with muscle flaps. Arch Surg 1994; 129: 541-7; discussion 547-8.
49. Cornwell E E 3rd et.al. Transmediastinal gunshot wounds. A reconsideration of the role of aortography. Arch Surg 1996; 131: 949-52; discussion 952-3.
50. White R K, Morris D M. Diagnosis and management of esophageal perforations. Am Surg 1992; 58: 112-9.
51. Defore W W Jr. et.al. Surgical management of penetrating injuries of the esophagus. Am J Surg 1977; 134: 734-8.
52. Tobin G R et.al. Epithelial lining methods in esophageal repair: A comparative study using pedicle flaps in cats. Surgery 1985; 98: 158-65.
53. Meyer J P et.al. Mandatory vs selective exploration for penetrating neck trauma. A prospective assessment. Arch Surg 1987; 122: 592-7.
54. Demetriades D et.al. Transcervical gunshot injuries: Mandatory operation is not necessary. J Trauma-Injury Infection Crit Care 1996; 40: 758-60.
55. Winter R P, Weigelt J A. Cervical esophageal trauma. Incidence and cause of esophageal fistulas. Arch Surg 1990; 125: 849-51; discussion 851-2.
56. Weigelt J A, Thal E R, Snyder W H 3rd, Fry R E, Meier D E, Kilman W J. Diagnosis of penetrating cervical esophageal injuries. Am J Surg 1987; 154: 619-22.
57. Vogel S B et.al. Esophageal perforation in adults: Aggressive, conservative treatment lowers morbidity and mortality. Ann Surg 2005; 241: 1016-23.
58. Morgan R A et.al. Malignant esophageal fistulas and perforations: management with plastic-covered metallic endoprostheses. Radiology 1997; 204: 527-32.
59. Estrera A et.al. Corrosive burns of the esophagus and stomach: A recommendation for an aggressive surgical approach. Ann Thoracic Surg 1986; 41: 276-83.
60. Lawrence D R et.al. Primary esophageal repair for Boerhaave's syndrome. Ann Thoracic Surg 1999; 67: 818-20.
61. Gupta N M, Kaman L. Personal management of 57 consecutive patients with esophageal perforation. Am J Surg 2004; 187:.
62. Nave C R. Figure representing wall tension. Hyperphysics 2005. http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/ptens.html.