Treatment of congenital cytomegalovirus: Where are we now?

Expert Review of Anti-Infective Therapy

Volumn 5, Issue 3, 2007, Pages 441-448

  Michaels, Marian G ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

Author keywords

Congenital cytomegalovirus; Congenital infections; Cytomegalovirus; Ganciclovir

Indexed keywords

ACICLOVIR; BENZIMIDAVIR; CIDOFOVIR; CYTARABINE; CYTOMEGALOVIRUS ANTIBODY; FLOXURIDINE; FOSCARNET; GANCICLOVIR; GRANULOCYTE COLONY STIMULATING FACTOR; IDOXURIDINE; INTERFERON; VALGANCICLOVIR; VIDARABINE; ANTIVIRUS AGENT; CYTOSINE; DRUG DERIVATIVE; PHOSPHONIC ACID DERIVATIVE;

ANEMIA; ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE; BONE MARROW DEPRESSION; CARCINOGENICITY; CLINICAL TRIAL; CONGENITAL INFECTION; CYTOMEGALOVIRUS; CYTOMEGALOVIRUS INFECTION; DIARRHEA; DISEASE COURSE; DOSAGE SCHEDULE COMPARISON; DRUG APPROVAL; DRUG BIOAVAILABILITY; DRUG BLOOD LEVEL; DRUG DOSE COMPARISON; DRUG EXCRETION; DRUG MEGADOSE; DRUG PENETRATION; DRUG WITHDRAWAL; EMBRYOTOXICITY; FEMALE INFERTILITY; FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION; GRANULOCYTOPENIA; HUMAN; INFECTION CONTROL; INJECTION SITE INFECTION; INTRAUTERINE GROWTH RETARDATION; KIDNEY DISEASE; LEUKOPENIA; LIVE BIRTH; MALE INFERTILITY; MICROCEPHALY; MULTIPLE CYCLE TREATMENT; NEPHROTOXICITY; NEUTROPENIA; NONHUMAN; OUTCOME ASSESSMENT; PERCEPTION DEAFNESS; PREGNANCY; REVIEW; SYMPTOM; TERATOGENICITY; THROMBOCYTOPENIA; TREATMENT DURATION; TREATMENT OUTCOME; VERTICAL TRANSMISSION; VIRUS ISOLATION; VIRUS SHEDDING; CYTOMEGALIC INCLUSION BODY DISEASE; FEMALE; NEWBORN;

ANTIVIRAL AGENTS; CYTOMEGALOVIRUS INFECTIONS; CYTOSINE; FEMALE; FOSCARNET; GANCICLOVIR; HUMANS; INFANT, NEWBORN; PHOSPHONIC ACIDS; PREGNANCY;

EID: 34447268688     PISSN: 14787210     EISSN: 17448336     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1586/14787210.5.3.441     Document Type: Review

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39. Junker A, Matheson D, Tingle AJ, Thomas EE. Immune responses after ganciclovir and immunoglobulin therapy of infants. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. 10, 256-258 (1991).
40. Evans DGR, Lyon AJ. Fatal congenital cytomegalovirus infection acquired by an intra-uterine transfusion. Eur. J. Pediatr. 150, 780-781 (1991).
41. Registad H, Bjerknes R, Markestad T, Myrmel H. Ganciclovir therapy of congenital cytomegalovirus disease. Acta Paediatr. 81, 707-708 (1992).
42. Vallejo JG, Englund JA, Garcia-Prats JA, Demmler GJ. Ganciclovir treatment of steroid-associated cytomegalovirus disease in a congenitally infected neonate. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. 13, 239-241 (1994).
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44. Halwachs-Baumann G, Kutschera J, Tiran A et al. Antiviral treatment of congenitally infected children with a positive cytomegalovirus polymerase chain reaction in the cerebrospinal fluid. Scand J. Infect. Dis. 99(Suppl.). 89-90 (1995).
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52. Nigro G, Sali E, Anceschi M et al. Foscarnet therapy for congenital cytomegalovirus liver fibrosis following prenatal ascites. J. Matern. Fetal Neonatal Med. 15, 325-329 (2004).
53. Bravo FJ, Cardin RD, Bernstein DI. Effect of maternal treatment with cyclic HPMPC in the guinea pig model of congenital cytomegalovirus infection. J. Infect. Dis. 193, 591-597 (2006).
54. Schleiss MR, Anderson JL, McGregor A. Cyclic cidofovir (cHPMPC) prevents congenital cytomegalovirus infection in a guinea pig model. Virol. J. 3, 9 (2006).
55. Revello MG, Zavattoni M, Fulione M. Fabbri E, Gerna G. Preconceptional primary human cytomegalovirus infection and risk of congenital infection. J. Infect. Dis. 193, 783-787 (2006).
56. Laifer SA, Ehrlich GD, Huff DS, Balsam MJ, Scantlebury VP. Congenital cytomegalovirus infection in offspring of liver transplant recipients. Clin. Infect. Dis. 20, 52-55 (1995).
57. Puliyanda DP, Silverman NS, Lehman D et al. Successful use of oral ganciclovir for the treatment of intrauterine cytomegalovirus infection in a renal allograft recipient. R. Transplant Infect. Dis. 7, 71-74 (2005).
58. Brady R, Schleiss MR, Witted DP, Siddiqui TA, Fame PT. Placental transfer of ganciclovir in a woman with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and cytomegalovirus disease. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. 21, 796-767 (2002).
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60. Nigro G, Adler SP, LaTorre R, Best AM. Passive immunization during pregnancy for congenital cytomegalovirus infection. N. Engl. J. Med. 353, 1350-1362 (2005).
61. Griffiths PD. Progress towards interrupting intrauterine transmission of cytomegalovirus? Rev. Med. Virol. 16, 1-4 (2006).
62. Revello MG. Passive immunization against cytomegalovirus during pregnancy. Letter to the editor. N. Engl. J. Med. 353(26), 2819 (2005).
63. La Torre R, Nigro G, Mazzocco M, Best AM, Adler SP. Placental enlargement in women with primary maternal cytomegalovirus infection is associated with fetal and neonatal disease Clin. Infect. Dis. 43, 994-1000 (2006).
64. Schleiss MR. The role of the placenta in the pathogenesis of congenital cytomegalovirus infection: is the benefit of cytomegalovirus immune globulin for the newborn mediated through improved placental health and function? Clin. Infect. Dis. 43(8), 1001-1003 (2006).
65. Adler SP, Finney JW, Manganello AN, Best AM. Prevention of child-to-mother transmission of cytomegalovirus among pregnant women. J. Pediatr. 145, 485-491 (2004).
66. Boppana SB, Fowler KB, Vaid Y et al. Neuroradiographic findings in the newborn period and long-term outcome in children with symptomatic congenital cytomegalovirus infection. Pediatrics 99, 409-414 (1997).
67. Williamson WD, Demmler GJ, Percy AK, Caitlin FI. Progressive hearing loss in infants with asymptomatic congenital cytomegalovirus infection. Pediatrics 90, 862-868 (1992).
68. Dahle J, McCosllister F, Stagno S, Reynolds D, Hoffman H. Progressive hearing impairment in children with congenital cytomegalovirus infection. J. Speech Hear. 44, 220-229 (1979).
69. Boppana SB, Fowler KB, Britt WJ, Stagno S, Pass RF. Symptomatic congenital cytomegalovirus infection in infants born to mothers with preexisting immunity to cytomegalovirus. Pediatrics 104, 55-60 (1999).
70. Noyola DE, Demmler GJ, Williamson WD et al. Cytomegalovirus urinary excretion and long term outcome in children with congenital cytomegalovirus infection. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. 19, 505-510 (2000).
71. Conchie AF, Barton BW, Tobin J. Congenital cytomegalovirus infection treated with idoxuridine. Br. Med J. 4, 162-163 (1968).
72. Feigin RD, Shackelford PG, Devivo DC, Haymond MW. Floxuridine treatment of congenital cytomegalic inclusion disease. Pediatrics 48, 318-322 (1971).
73. McCracken GH, Luby JP. Cytosine arabinoside in the treatment of congenital cytomegalic inclusion disease. J. Pediatr. 80, 488-495 (1972).
74. Arvin AM, Yeager AS, Merigan TC. Effect of leukocyte interferon on urinary excretion of cytomegalovirus by infants. J. Infect. Dis. 133, A205-A210 (1976).
75. Dworsky M, Pass RF, Stagno S, Whitley RJ. Therapeutic approaches to the control of cytomegalovirus infectious. Birth Defects 20, 345-352 (1984).
76. Plotkin SA, Starr SE, Bryan CK. In vitro and in vivo responses of cytomegalovirus to acyclovir. Am. J. Med. 73, 257-261 (1982).
77. Fan-Harvard P, Nahata MC, Brady MT. Ganciclovir - a review of pharmacology, therapeutic efficacy and potential use for treatment of congenital cytomegalovirus infections. J. Clin. Pharm. Ther. 14, 329-340 (1989).
78. Crumpacker CS. Ganciclovir. Drug Therapy 335, 721-729 (1996).
79. Physician's Desk Reference. Cytovene (Ganciclovir) 60th Edition. Thomson Healthcare, KY, USA 2763-2769 (2006).
80. Green M, Avery RK, Preiksaitis J. Cytomegalovirus. Guidelines for the prevention and management of infectious complications of solid organ transplantation. Am. J. Transpl. 4(Suppl. 10), 51-58 (2004).
81. Frenkel LM, Capparelli EV, Dankner WM et al. Oral ganciclovir in children: pharmacokinetics, safety, tolerance, and antiviral effects. J. Infect. Dis. 182, 1616-1624 (2000).
82. Physician's Desk Reference. Cytovene Valcyte (Valganciclovir Hydrochloride Tablets) 60th Edition. Thomson Healthcare, KY, USA 2816-2822 (2006).
83. Vaudry W, Walker R, Ettenger RB, Jara P, Varela-Fascinetto G, Ives J, on behalf of the WV16726 Study Group. Safety of valganciclovir powder for oral solution in pediatric solid organ transplant recipients. Presented at: World Transplant Congress. MA, USA, 22-27 July 2006 (Abstract 441).
84. Farmer DG, McDiarmid SV, Winston H et al. Effectiveness of aggressive prophylatic and preemptive therapies targeted against cytomegaloviral and Epstein-Barr viral diseases after human intestinal transplantation. Transplant. Proc. 34, 948-949 (2002).
85. Keven K, Basu A, Tan HP. Cytomegalovirus prophylaxis using oral ganciclovir or valganciclovir in kidney and pancreas-kidney transplantation under antibody preconditioning. Transplant. Proc. 36, 3107-3112 (2004).
86. Danzinger-Isakov LA, Faro A, Sweet S et al. Variability in standard care for cytomegalovirus prevention and detection in pediatric lung transplantation: survey of eight pediatric lung transplants programs. Pediatr. Transpl. 7, 469-473 (2003).
87. Hocker JR, Cook LN, Adam G, Rabalais GP. Ganciclovir therapy of congenital cytomegalovirus pneumonia. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. 9, 743-745 (1990).
88. Junker A, Matheson D, Tingle AJ, Thomas EE. Immune responses after ganciclovir and immunoglobulin therapy of infants. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. 10, 256-258 (1991).
89. Evans DGR, Lyon AJ. Fatal congenital cytomegalovirus infection acquired by an intra-uterine transfusion. Eur. J. Pediatr. 150, 780-781 (1991).
90. Registad H, Bjerknes R, Markestad T, Myrmel H. Ganciclovir therapy of congenital cytomegalovirus disease. Acta Paediatr. 81, 707-708 (1992).
91. Vallejo JG, Englund JA, Garcia-Prats JA, Demmler GJ. Ganciclovir treatment of steroid-associated cytomegalovirus disease in a congenitally infected neonate. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. 13, 239-241 (1994).
92. Stronati M, Revello MG, Cerbo RM, Furione M, Rondini G, Gerna G. Ganciclovir therapy of congenital human cytomegalovirus hepatitis. Acta Paediatr. 84, 340-341 (1995).
93. Halwachs-Baumann G, Kutschera J, Tiran A et al. Antiviral treatment of congenitally infected children with a positive cytomegalovirus polymerase chain reaction in the cerebrospinal fluid. Scand J. Infect. Dis. 99(Suppl.). 89-90 (1995).
94. Kimberlin DW, Lin CY, Sanchez PJ et al. Effect of ganciclovir therapy on hearing in symptomatic congenital cytomegalovirus disease involving the central nervous system: a randomized, controlled trial. J. Pediatr. 143, 16-25 (2003).
95. Whitley RJ, Cloud G, Gruber W et al. Ganciclovir treatment of symptomatic congenital cytomegalovirus infection: results of a Phase II study. J. Infect. Dis. 175, 1080-1086 (1997).
96. Bradford RD, Cloud G, Lakeman AD et al. Detection of cytomegalovirus DNA by polymerase chain reaction is associated with hearing loss in newborns with symptomatic congenital CMV infection involving the central nervous system. J. Infect. Dis. 191, 227-233 (2005).
97. Michaels M, Greenberg DP, Sabo DL, Wald ER. Treatment of children with congenital cytomegalovirus infection with ganciclovir. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. 22, 504-508 (2003).
98. Mcauley J, Boyer KM, Patel D et al. Early and longitudinal evaluations of treated infants and children and untreated historical patients with congenital toxoplasmosis: the Chicago collaborative treatment trial. Clin. Infect. Dis. 18, 38-72 (1994).
99. Boyer KM, McLeod RL. Toxoplasma gondii (toxoplasmosis). In: Principles and Practice of Pediatric Infectious Diseases (2nd Edition). Long SS, Pickering LK, Prober CG (Eds). Churchill Livingstone, NY, USA 1303-1322 (2003).
100. Nigro G, Scholz H, Bartmann U. Ganciclovir therapy for symptomatic congenital cytomegalovirus infection in infants: a two-regimen experience. J. Pediatr. 124, 318-322 (1994).
101. Nigro G, Sali E, Anceschi M et al. Foscarnet therapy for congenital cytomegalovirus liver fibrosis following prenatal ascites. J. Matern. Fetal Neonatal Med. 15, 325-329 (2004).
102. Bravo FJ, Cardin RD, Bernstein DI. Effect of maternal treatment with cyclic HPMPC in the guinea pig model of congenital cytomegalovirus infection. J. Infect. Dis. 193, 591-597 (2006).
103. Schleiss MR, Anderson JL, McGregor A. Cyclic cidofovir (cHPMPC) prevents congenital cytomegalovirus infection in a guinea pig model. Virol. J. 3, 9 (2006).
104. Revello MG, Zavattoni M, Fulione M. Fabbri E, Gerna G. Preconceptional primary human cytomegalovirus infection and risk of congenital infection. J. Infect. Dis. 193, 783-787 (2006).
105. Laifer SA, Ehrlich GD, Huff DS, Balsam MJ, Scantlebury VP. Congenital cytomegalovirus infection in offspring of liver transplant recipients. Clin. Infect. Dis. 20, 52-55 (1995).
106. Puliyanda DP, Silverman NS, Lehman D et al. Successful use of oral ganciclovir for the treatment of intrauterine cytomegalovirus infection in a renal allograft recipient. R. Transplant Infect. Dis. 7, 71-74 (2005).
107. Brady R, Schleiss MR, Witted DP, Siddiqui TA, Fame PT. Placental transfer of ganciclovir in a woman with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and cytomegalovirus disease. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. 21, 796-767 (2002).
108. Matsuda H, Kawakami Y, Furuya K, Kikuchi Y. Intrauterine therapy for a cytomegalovirus-infected symptomatic fetus. Br. J. Obstet. Gynaecol. 111, 756-757 (2004).
109. Nigro G, Adler SP, LaTorre R, Best AM. Passive immunization during pregnancy for congenital cytomegalovirus infection. N. Engl. J. Med. 353, 1350-1362 (2005).
110. Griffiths PD. Progress towards interrupting intrauterine transmission of cytomegalovirus? Rev. Med. Virol. 16, 1-4 (2006).
111. Revello MG. Passive immunization against cytomegalovirus during pregnancy. Letter to the editor. N. Engl. J. Med. 353(26), 2819 (2005).
112. La Torre R, Nigro G, Mazzocco M, Best AM, Adler SP. Placental enlargement in women with primary maternal cytomegalovirus infection is associated with fetal and neonatal disease Clin. Infect. Dis. 43, 994-1000 (2006).
113. Schleiss MR. The role of the placenta in the pathogenesis of congenital cytomegalovirus infection: is the benefit of cytomegalovirus immune globulin for the newborn mediated through improved placental health and function? Clin. Infect. Dis. 43(8), 1001-1003 (2006).
114. Adler SP, Finney JW, Manganello AN, Best AM. Prevention of child-to-mother transmission of cytomegalovirus among pregnant women. J. Pediatr. 145, 485-491 (2004).