Photochemical cleavage of a tattoo pigment by UVB radiation or natural sunlight;Photochemische spaltung eines tätowierungspigments durch UV-B-strahlung oder sonnenlicht

JDDG - Journal of the German Society of Dermatology

Volumn 5, Issue 7, 2007, Pages 583-589

  Engel, Eva ^a   Spannberger, Andrea ^a   Vasold, Rudolf ^a   König, Burkhard ^a   Landthaler, Michael ^a   Bäumler, Wolfgang ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF REGENSBURG   (Germany)

Author keywords

HPLC; Laser; Pigment; Stability; Tattoo; UV radiation

Indexed keywords

AZO DYE; CARCINOGEN; CHLOROFORM; DICHLOROMETHANE; DIOXANE; PIGMENT; PIGMENT RED 22; TETRAHYDROFURAN; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

ARTICLE; CONCENTRATION RESPONSE; IRRADIATION; LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY; MASS SPECTROMETRY; PHOTOCHEMISTRY; STATISTICAL SIGNIFICANCE; SUNLIGHT; TATTOO; ULTRAVIOLET B RADIATION;

AZO COMPOUNDS; COLORING AGENTS; DOSE-RESPONSE RELATIONSHIP, RADIATION; PHOTOCHEMISTRY; RADIATION DOSAGE; SOLVENTS; TATTOOING; ULTRAVIOLET RAYS;

EID: 34447250048     PISSN: 16100379     EISSN: 16100387     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1610-0387.2007.06333.x     Document Type: Article

References (24)

1. Fisher GJ, Datta SC, Talwar HS, Wang ZQ, Varani J, Kang S, Voorhees JJ. Molecular basis of sun-induced premature skin ageing and retinoid antagonism. Nature 1996; 379: 335-339.
2. Hanson KM, Simon JD. Epidermal trans-urocanic acid and the UV-A-induced photoaging of the skin. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1998; 95: 10576-10578.
3. Allensbach IfD. Körperkult bei den Jüngeren: Tattoos und piercings. 2003; Nr. 24, IfD-Umfrage 7046.
4. Lehmann G, Pierchalla P. [tattooing dyes]. Derm Beruf Umwelt 1988; 36: 152-156.
5. Baumler W, Eibler ET, Hohenleutner U, Sens B, Sauer J, Landthaler M. Q-switch laser and tattoo pigments: First results of the chemical and photophysical analysis of 41 compounds. Lasers Surg Med 2000; 26: 13-21.
6. Ferguson JE, Andrew SM, Jones CJ, August PJ. The Q-switched neodymium: YAG laser and tattoos: A microscopic analysis of laser-tattoo interactions. Br J Dermatol 1997; 137: 405-410.
7. Ross V, Naseef G, Lin G, Kelly M, Michaud N, Flotte TJ, Raythen J, Anderson RR. Comparison of responses of tattoos to picosecond and nanosecond Q-switched neodymium: YAG lasers. Arch Dermatol 1998; 134: 167-171.
8. Cui Y, Spann AP, Couch LH, Gopee NV, Evans FE, Churchwell MI, Williams LD, Doerge DR, Howard PC. Photodecomposition of Pigment Yellow 74, a pigment used in tattoo inks. Photochem Photobiol 2004; 80: 175-184.
9. Steinbrecher I, Hemmer W, Jarisch R. [adverse reaction to the azo dye Pigment Red 170 in a tattoo]. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges 2004; 2: 1007-1008.
10. Greve B, Chytry R, Raulin C. Contact dermatitis from red tattoo pigment (quinacridone) with secondary spread. Contact Dermatitis 2003; 49: 265-266.
11. Balfour E, Olhoffer I, Leffell D, Handerson T. Massive pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia: An unusual reaction to a tattoo. Am J Dermatopathol 2003; 25: 338-340.
12. Mortimer NJ, Chave TA, Johnston GA. Red tattoo reactions. Clin Exp Dermatol 2003; 28: 508-510.
13. Vasold R, Naarmann N, Ulrich H, Fischer D, Konig B, Landthaler M, Baumler W. Tattoo pigments are cleaved by laser light-the chemical analysis in vitro provide evidence for hazardous compounds. Photochem Photobiol 2004; 80: 185-190.
14. Cook W, Gebler DP, Pratt NE. Production of organic pigments and printing inks containing them. PCT Int Appl 2001.
15. Engel E, Santarelli F, Vasold R, Ulrich H, Maisch T, Konig B, Landthaler M, Gopee NV, Howard PC, Baumler W. Establishment of an extraction method for the recovery of tattoo pigments from human skin using HPLC diode array detector technology. Anal Chem 2006; 78: 6440-6447.
16. http://www.leffingwell.com/cosmetics/vol_1en.pdf
17. Huang QG, Kong LR, Liu YB, Wang LS: Relationships between molecular structure and chromosomal aberrations in in vitro human lymphocytes induced by substituted nitrobenzenes. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 1996; 57: 349-353.
18. Shimizu H, Kumada T, Nakano S, Kiriyama S, Sone Y, Honda T, Watanabe K, Nakano I, Fukuda Y, Hayakawa T. Liver dysfunction among workers handling 5-nitro-o-toluidine. Gut 2002; 50: 266-270.
19. Sayama M, Mori M, Shoji M, Uda S, Kakikawa M, Kondo T, Kodaira KI. Mutagenicities of 2,4- and 2,6-dinitrotoluenes and their reduced products in salmonella typhimurium nitroreductase-and O-acetyltransferase-overproducing Ames test strains. Mutat Res 1998; 420: 27-32.
20. NTP Toxicology and Carcinogenesis Studies of 1,4-Dichlorobenzene (CAS No. 106-46-7) in F344/N Rats and B6C3F1 Mice (Gavage Studies). Natl Toxicol Program Tech Rep Ser. 1987 Jan; 319: 1-198.
21. Lo HH, Brown PI, Rankin GO. Acute nephrotoxicity induced by isomeric dichloroanilines in Fischer 344 rats. Toxicology 1990; 63: 215-231.
22. Kuperman-Beade M, Levine VJ, Ashinoff R. Laser removal of tattoos. Am J Clin Dermatol 2001; 2: 21-25.
23. Feister U, Jakel E, Gericke K. Parameterization of daily solar global ultraviolet irradiation. Photochem Photobiol 2002; 76: 281-293.
24. Gerber W, Arheilger B, Ha TA, Hermann J, Ockenfels HM. Ultraviolet B 308-nm excimer laser treatment of psoriasis: A new phototherapeutic approach. Br J Dermatol 2003; 149: 1250-1258.