Role of fomite contamination during an outbreak of norovirus on houseboats

International Journal of Environmental Health Research

Volumn 17, Issue 2, 2007, Pages 123-131

  Jones, Ellen L ^a   Kramer, Adam ^b   Gaither, Marlene ^c   Gerba, Charles P ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA   (United States)

^b NATIONAL PARK SERVICE   (United States)

^c Environmental Health Division   (United States)

Author keywords

Fomite; Lake; Norovirus; Outbreak; Recreation; Water

Indexed keywords

DRINKING WATER;

BOATING; DRINKING WATER; GASTROENTERITIS; HEALTH IMPACT; LAKE; POLLUTION EFFECT; POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; POPULATION OUTBREAK; RECREATIONAL ACTIVITY; SAMPLING; VIRUS; WATER SUPPLY;

ADULT; AGED; ARTICLE; BATH; CONTROLLED STUDY; DISINFECTION; FECES ANALYSIS; FEMALE; FOMITE; GASTROENTERITIS; HUMAN; KITCHEN; LAKE; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; NOROVIRUS; REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; SANITATION; VIRAL CONTAMINATION;

ARIZONA; CALICIVIRIDAE INFECTIONS; DISEASE OUTBREAKS; FEMALE; FOMITES; GASTROENTERITIS; HOUSING; HUMANS; MALE; NOROVIRUS; REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASE POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; RNA, VIRAL; SHIPS;

ARIZONA; NORTH AMERICA; UNITED STATES;

NOROVIRUS;

EID: 34447134319     PISSN: 09603123     EISSN: 13691619     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/09603120701219394     Document Type: Article

References (30)

1. Barker J, Vipond IB, Bloomfield SF. 2004. Effects of cleaning and disinfection in reducing the spread of Norovirus contamination via environmental surfaces. J Hosp Infect 58:42-49.
2. Castro L, Cardoso AI, Rebelo-Andrade H, Gray J, Saraiva M, Gonçalves G. 2004. Norovirus outbreak in a school in the north of Portugal. Eurosurveillance 8:13.
3. Cheesbrough JS, Barkess-Jones L, Brown DW. 1997. Possible prolonged environmental survival of small round structured viruses. J Hosp Infect 35:325-326.
4. Cheesbrough JS, Green J, Gallimore CI, Wright PA, Brown DWG. 2000. Widespread environmental contamination with Norwalk-like viruses (NLV) detected in a prolonged hotel outbreak of gastroenteritis. Epidemiol Infect 125:93-98.
5. Dippold L, Lee R, Selman C, Monroe S, Henry C. 2003. A gastroenteritis outbreak due to norovirus associated with a Colorado hotel. J Environ Health 66:13-17.
6. Dolin R, Blacklow NR, DuPont H, et al. 1972. Biological properties of Norwalk agent of acute infectious nonbacterial gastroenteritis. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 140:578-583.
7. Duizer E, Bijkerk P, Rockx B, de Groot A, Twisk F, Koopmans M. 2004a. Inactivation of caliciviruses. Appl Environ Microbiol 70:4538-4543.
8. Duizer E, Schwab KJ, Neill FH, Atmar RL, Koopmans MP, Estes MK. 2004b. Laboratory efforts to cultivate noroviruses. J Gen Virol 85(Pt 1):79-87.
9. Evans MR, Meldrum R, Lane W, et al. 2002. An outbreak of viral gastroenteritis following environmental contamination at a concert hall. Epidemiol Infect 129:355-360.
10. Fretz R, Schmid H, Kayser U, Svoboda P, Tanner M, Baumgartner A. 2003. Rapid propagation of norovirus gastrointestinal illness through multiple nursing homes following a pilgrimage. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 22:625-627.
11. Fretz R, Svoboda P, Schorr D, Tanner M, Baumgartner A. 2005. Risk factors for infections with norovirus gastrointestinal illness in Switzerland. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 24:256-261.
12. Gerba CP, Rose JB. 1996. Sensitive populations: Who is at the greatest risk? Int J Food Microbiol 30:113-123.
13. Heymann DL, editor. 2004. Control of communicable diseases manual. 18th ed. Washington, DC: American Public Health Association. pp 227-228.
14. Isakbaeva ET, Widdowson MA, Beard RS, et al. 2005. Norovirus transmission on cruise ship. EID 11:154-157.
15. Khanna N, Goldenberger D, Graber P, Battegay M, Widmer AF. 2003. Gastroenteritis outbreak with norovirus in a Swiss university hospital with a newly identified virus strain. J Hosp Infect 55:131-136.
16. Koo D, Maloney K, Tauxe R. 1996. Epidemiology of diarrheal disease outbreaks on cruise ships, 1986 through 1993. JAMA 275:545-547.
17. Love SS, Jiang X, Barrett E, Farkas T, Kelly S. 2002. A large hotel outbreak of Norwalk-like virus gastroenteritis among three groups of guests and hotel employees in Virginia. Epidemol Infect 129:127-132.
18. Lynn S, Toop J, Hanger C, Millar N. 2004. Norovirus outbreaks in a hospital setting: The role of infection control. J New Zealand Med Assoc 117:1189.
19. Marks PJ, Vipond IB, Carlisle D, Deakin D, Fey RE, Caul EO. 2000. Evidence for airborne transmission of Norwalk-like virus (NLV) in a hotel restaurant. Epidemiol Infect 124:481-487.
20. Matson DO. 2005. Norovirus gastroenteritis in US Marines in Iraq. CID 40:526-527.
21. McCall J, Smithson R. 2002. Rapid response and strict control measures can contain a hospital outbreak of Norwalk-like virus. Comm Dis Publ Health 5:243-246.
22. McEvoy M, Blake W, Brown D, Green J, Cartwright R. 1996. An outbreak of viral gastroenteritis on a cruise ship. CDR Review 6:R188-192.
23. Mead PS, Slutsker L, Dietz V, et al. 1999. Food-related illness and death in the United States. EID 5:607-626.
24. Parrino TA, Schreiber DS, Trier JS, Kapikian AZ, Blacklow NR. 1977. Clinical immunity in acute gastroenteritis caused by Norwalk agent. N Engl J Med 297:86-89.
25. Prato R, Lopalco PL, Chironna M, Barbuti G, Germinario C, Quarto M. 2004. Norovirus gastroenteritis general outbreak associated with raw shellfish consumption in South Italy. BMC Infect Dis 4:37.
26. Sobsey MD, Glass JS. 1984. Influence of water quality on enteric virus concentration by microporous filter methods. Appl Environ Microbiol 47:956-960.
27. Verbelen V, Bodeus M, Garrino MG, et al. 2004. Hospital outbreak of gastroenteritis due to Norovirus in Belgium. Acta Clin Belg 59:30-33.
28. Vinjé J, Hamidjaja RA, Sobsey MD. 2004. Development and application of a capsid VP1 (region D) based reverse transcription PCR assay for genotyping of genogroup I and II noroviruses. J Virol Methods 116:109-117.
29. Vinjé J, Vennema H, Maunula L, et al. 2003. International collaborative study to compare reverse transcriptase PCR assays for detection and genotyping of noroviruses. J Clin Micro Biol 41:1423-1433.
30. Ward J, Neill A, McCall B, Stafford R, Smith G, Davison R. 2000. Three nursing home outbreaks of Norwalk-like virus in Brisbane in 1999. CDI 24:229-233.