메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 97, Issue 1-3, 2004, Pages 57-67

Vinyl chloride marine risk assessment with special reference to the osparcom region: North Sea

Author keywords

Chlorinated compound; Environmental; Marine; Risk assessment

Indexed keywords

COASTAL ZONES; ESTUARIES; MARINE POLLUTION; OCEAN HABITATS; POLYVINYL CHLORIDES; REGULATORY COMPLIANCE; RISK ASSESSMENT; TOXIC MATERIALS;

EID: 3442889402     PISSN: 01676369     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1023/B:EMAS.0000033045.11795.57     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (2)

References (36)
  • 1
    • 84889471981 scopus 로고
    • 'Herkunft und Verwendung von Organohalogenverbindungen und ihre Verbreitung in Wasser und Abwasser'
    • Colloquium Verlag Berlin. in Datenbank für Wassergefährdende Stoffe (DABAWAS), S. 10252 (1986)
    • Anna, K. and Alberti, J.: 1978, 'Herkunft und Verwendung von Organohalogenverbindungen und ihre Verbreitung in Wasser und Abwasser', Colloquium Verlag Berlin. 1, pp. 154-158, in Datenbank für Wassergefährdende Stoffe (DABAWAS), S. 10252 (1986).
    • (1978) , vol.1 , pp. 154-158
    • Anna, K.1    Alberti, J.2
  • 2
    • 0008256986 scopus 로고
    • 'Vinylchlorid in kontaminierten Grundwässern'
    • Brauch, H. J., Kühn, W. and Werner, P.: 1987, 'Vinylchlorid in kontaminierten Grundwässern', Vom Wasser. 68, 23-32.
    • (1987) Vom Wasser , vol.68 , pp. 23-32
    • Brauch, H.J.1    Kühn, W.2    Werner, P.3
  • 3
    • 0002080025 scopus 로고
    • 'Grenzwerte der Schadwirkung wassergefährdender Stoffe gegen Blaualgen (Microcystis aeruginosa) und Grunalgen (Scenedesmus quadricauda) im Zellvermehrungshemmtest'
    • Bringmann, G. and Kühn, R.: 1978, 'Grenzwerte der Schadwirkung wassergefährdender Stoffe gegen Blaualgen (Microcystis aeruginosa) und Grunalgen (Scenedesmus quadricauda) im Zellvermehrungshemmtest', Vom Wasser. 50, 45-60.
    • (1978) Vom Wasser , vol.50 , pp. 45-60
    • Bringmann, G.1    Kühn, R.2
  • 4
    • 0018829528 scopus 로고
    • 'Bestimmung der biologischen Schadwirkung wassergefährdender Stoffe gegen Protozoen II: Bakterienfressende Ciliaten'
    • Bringmann, G. and Kühn, R.: 1980, 'Bestimmung der biologischen Schadwirkung wassergefährdender Stoffe gegen Protozoen II: Bakterienfressende Ciliaten', Z. Wasser Abwasser Forsch. 1, 26-31.
    • (1980) Z. Wasser Abwasser Forsch , vol.1 , pp. 26-31
    • Bringmann, G.1    Kühn, R.2
  • 6
    • 0006426852 scopus 로고
    • 'Water-related Environmental Fate of 129 Priority Pollutants'
    • U.S. EPA-440/4-79-029b
    • Callahan, M. A. et al.: 1979, 'Water-related Environmental Fate of 129 Priority Pollutants', U.S. EPA-440/4-79-029b, Vol. II, 49-10.
    • (1979) , vol.2 , pp. 49-110
    • Callahan, M.A.1
  • 7
    • 3442880068 scopus 로고
    • 'Expressions pour la vitesse de formation des produits de photooxydation atmosphérique du VC'
    • Annali di Chimia (ANCRA). IT 1977, V67
    • Carassiti, V.: 1978, 'Expressions pour la vitesse de formation des produits de photooxydation atmosphérique du VC', Annali di Chimia (ANCRA). IT 1977, V67, 7-8, 499-512.
    • (1978) , vol.7-8 , pp. 499-512
    • Carassiti, V.1
  • 8
    • 0016556650 scopus 로고
    • 'Evaporation rates of methylene chloride, chloroform, 1,1,1-trichloroethane, trichloroethylene, tetrachloroethylene and other chlorinated compounds in dilute aqueous solutions'
    • Dilling, W. L., Tefertiller, N. B. and Kallos, G. J.: 1975, 'Evaporation rates of methylene chloride, chloroform, 1,1,1-trichloroethane, trichloroethylene, tetrachloroethylene and other chlorinated compounds in dilute aqueous solutions', Environ. Sci. Technol. 9(9), 833-838.
    • (1975) Environ. Sci. Technol. , vol.9 , Issue.9 , pp. 833-838
    • Dilling, W.L.1    Tefertiller, N.B.2    Kallos, G.J.3
  • 9
    • 0542445406 scopus 로고
    • 'On the Environmental Impact of the Manufacture of Polyvinylchloride (PVC) - A Description of Best Available Techniques'
    • ECVM: European Council of Vinyl Manufacturers, Brussels, August 1994
    • ECVM: 1994, 'On the Environmental Impact of the Manufacture of Polyvinylchloride (PVC) - A Description of Best Available Techniques', European Council of Vinyl Manufacturers, Brussels, August 1994.
    • (1994)
  • 10
    • 3442889007 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'On the Environmental Impact of the Manufacture of Emulsion and Microsuspension Polyvinylchloride (PVC) - A Description of Best Available Techniques'
    • ECVM: European Council of Vinyl Manufacturers, Brussels, November 1998
    • ECVM: 1998, 'On the Environmental Impact of the Manufacture of Emulsion and Microsuspension Polyvinylchloride (PVC) - A Description of Best Available Techniques', European Council of Vinyl Manufacturers, Brussels, November 1998.
    • (1998)
  • 11
    • 3442888475 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'Contribution to IPPC document on Best Available Techniques for Processing Polymers (Draft 2001), Attachment 3, PVC Process BREF'
    • ECVM: European Council of Vinyl Manufacturers, Brussels
    • ECVM: 2001, 'Contribution to IPPC document on Best Available Techniques for Processing Polymers (Draft 2001), Attachment 3, PVC Process BREF', European Council of Vinyl Manufacturers, Brussels.
    • (2001)
  • 12
    • 3442896706 scopus 로고
    • 'Water-Related Environmental Fate of 129 Priority Pollutants'
    • EPA: U.S. EPA, PB80-204381
    • EPA: 1979, 'Water-Related Environmental Fate of 129 Priority Pollutants', Vol. II, U.S. EPA, PB80-204381.
    • (1979) , vol.2
  • 13
    • 0022349497 scopus 로고
    • 'Environmental hazard profile of organic chemicals: An experimental method for the assessment of the behaviour of organic chemicals in the ecosphere by means of simple laboratory tests with 14C labelled chemicals'
    • Freitag, D., Ballhorn, L., Geyer, H. and Korte, F.: 1985, 'Environmental hazard profile of organic chemicals: An experimental method for the assessment of the behaviour of organic chemicals in the ecosphere by means of simple laboratory tests with 14C labelled chemicals', Chemosphere 14, 1589-1616.
    • (1985) Chemosphere , vol.14 , pp. 1589-1616
    • Freitag, D.1    Ballhorn, L.2    Geyer, H.3    Korte, F.4
  • 14
    • 0016900382 scopus 로고
    • 'Oxydation atmosphérique des chlorethylenes/VC, 1-1-dichlorethylene, 1-2-dichloroethylene, tri-perchloroethylenes'
    • Jan, Environmental Science and Technology (ESTHA) US 1976
    • Gay, B. W.: 1976, 'Oxydation atmosphérique des chlorethylenes/VC, 1-1-dichlorethylene, 1-2-dichloroethylene, tri-perchloroethylenes', Environmental Science and Technology (ESTHA) US 1976, V 10, Jan, 58-67.
    • (1976) , vol.10 , pp. 58-67
    • Gay, B.W.1
  • 16
    • 33644533613 scopus 로고
    • 'Water Quality Characteristics of Hazardous Materials'
    • Texas A&M University, College Station Environmental Engineering Div., Report NOAA-780, 13001, PB-285946
    • Hann, R. W. and Jensen, P. A.: 1977, 'Water Quality Characteristics of Hazardous Materials', Texas A&M University, College Station Environmental Engineering Div., Report NOAA-780, 13001, PB-285946.
    • (1977)
    • Hann, R.W.1    Jensen, P.A.2
  • 17
    • 3442895550 scopus 로고
    • 'An Index of Refractory Organics'
    • U.S. EPA-600, 2-77-174
    • Helfgott, T. B. et al.: 1977, 'An Index of Refractory Organics', U.S. EPA-600, 2-77-174, 21.
    • (1977) , pp. 21
    • Helfgott, T.B.1
  • 18
    • 27844577801 scopus 로고
    • 'Dynamic Behaviour of Vinyl Chloride in Aquatic Ecosystems'
    • U.S. EPA-600, 3-76-001
    • Hill, J., Kollig, H. P., Paris, D. F., Wolfe, F. L. and Zepp, R. G.: 1976, 'Dynamic Behaviour of Vinyl Chloride in Aquatic Ecosystems', U.S. EPA-600, 3-76-001.
    • (1976)
    • Hill, J.1    Kollig, H.P.2    Paris, D.F.3    Wolfe, F.L.4    Zepp, R.G.5
  • 19
    • 0000462445 scopus 로고
    • 'Results of the study of 200 chemical compounds on acute fish toxicity using the Golden Orfe Test'
    • (in German)
    • Juhnke, I. and Lüdemann, D.: 1978, 'Results of the study of 200 chemical compounds on acute fish toxicity using the Golden Orfe Test', Z. Wasser Abwasser Forsch. 11(5), 161-164 (in German).
    • (1978) Z. Wasser Abwasser Forsch. , vol.11 , Issue.5 , pp. 161-164
    • Juhnke, I.1    Lüdemann, D.2
  • 20
    • 3442899269 scopus 로고
    • 'Experiences in Gaseous Toxic Monitoring in the San Francisco Bay Area'
    • Proceedings APCA Annual Meeting. Jun 19-24, (88-95A.3)
    • Levaggi, D. A., Siu, W., Zerrudo, R. V. and LaVoie, J. W.: 1988, 'Experiences in Gaseous Toxic Monitoring in the San Francisco Bay Area', Proceedings APCA Annual Meeting. Jun 19-24, 81(5), (88-95A.3), pp. 1-19.
    • (1988) , vol.81 , Issue.5 , pp. 1-19
    • Levaggi, D.A.1    Siu, W.2    Zerrudo, R.V.3    LaVoie, J.W.4
  • 22
    • 0003533390 scopus 로고
    • 'Aquatic Fate Process Data for Organic Priority Pollutants'
    • U.S. EPA-440 4-81-014
    • Mabey, W. R. et al.: 1981, 'Aquatic Fate Process Data for Organic Priority Pollutants', U.S. EPA-440 4-81-014, 156.
    • (1981) , pp. 156
    • Mabey, W.R.1
  • 24
    • 0021249193 scopus 로고
    • 'Priority list of 129 dangerous substances (occurrence in the Rhine, toxicology, open questions)'
    • Malle, K. G.: 1984, 'Priority list of 129 dangerous substances (occurrence in the Rhine, toxicology, open questions)', Z. Wasser Forsch. 17, 75.
    • (1984) Z. Wasser Forsch. , vol.17 , pp. 75
    • Malle, K.G.1
  • 25
    • 3442885019 scopus 로고
    • 'Der Rhein muß Leben!'
    • wlb - Wasser, Luft und Betrieb
    • Malle, K. G.: 1987, 'Der Rhein muß Leben!', wlb - Wasser, Luft und Betrieb. 11-12, 22/23.
    • (1987) , vol.11-12 , pp. 22-23
    • Malle, K.G.1
  • 26
    • 0017406964 scopus 로고
    • 'Contributions à la chimie écologique - CXXXVI - Courte communication sur la photooxydation non sensibilisée des chloroethylenes'
    • Jun, Chemosphere (CMSHA)
    • Muller, J. P. H.: 1977, 'Contributions à la chimie écologique - CXXXVI - Courte communication sur la photooxydation non sensibilisée des chloroethylenes', Chemosphere (CMSHA), 6, Jun, 341-346.
    • (1977) , vol.6 , pp. 341-346
    • Muller, J.P.H.1
  • 27
    • 3442875777 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'Description of Best Available Technique for the Vinyl Chloride Sector'
    • OSPARCOM
    • OSPARCOM: 1996, 'Description of Best Available Technique for the Vinyl Chloride Sector'.
    • (1996)
  • 28
    • 3442895227 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • OSPAR-DYNAMEC: OSPAR Document-SPS 00/3/Info1-E: Briefing Document on the Work of DYNAMEC and the DYNAMEC Mechanism for the Selection and Prioritisation of Hazardous Substances
    • OSPAR-DYNAMEC: 2000, OSPAR Document-SPS 00/3/Info1-E: Briefing Document on the Work of DYNAMEC and the DYNAMEC Mechanism for the Selection and Prioritisation of Hazardous Substances.
    • (2000)
  • 29
    • 0342694094 scopus 로고
    • 'Environmental Hazard Classification - Data Collection and Interpretation Guide'
    • TemaNord
    • Pedersen, F., Tyle, H., Niemelä, J. R., Guttmann, B., Lander, L. and Wedebrand, A.: 1994, 'Environmental Hazard Classification - Data Collection and Interpretation Guide', TemaNord, 589.
    • (1994) , pp. 589
    • Pedersen, F.1    Tyle, H.2    Niemelä, J.R.3    Guttmann, B.4    Lander, L.5    Wedebrand, A.6
  • 30
    • 0000007575 scopus 로고
    • 'Rate constants for the reaction of OH radicals with CH2 = CHF, CH2 = CHC1, and CH2 = CHBr over the temperature range 299-426°K'
    • Perry, R. A., Atkinson, R. and Pitts, J. N.: 1977, 'Rate constants for the reaction of OH radicals with CH2 = CHF, CH2 = CHC1, and CH2 = CHBr over the temperature range 299-426°K', J. Chem. Phys. 67, 458-462.
    • (1977) J. Chem. Phys. , vol.67 , pp. 458-462
    • Perry, R.A.1    Atkinson, R.2    Pitts, J.N.3
  • 31
    • 0018971471 scopus 로고
    • 'A rapid simple long-term toxicity assay for aquatic contaminants using the nematode Panagrellus redivivus'
    • Samoïloff, M. R., Schulz, S., Jordan, Y., Denich, K. and Arnott, E.: 1980, 'A rapid simple long-term toxicity assay for aquatic contaminants using the nematode Panagrellus redivivus', Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 37, 1167-1174.
    • (1980) Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. , vol.37 , pp. 1167-1174
    • Samoïloff, M.R.1    Schulz, S.2    Jordan, Y.3    Denich, K.4    Arnott, E.5
  • 32
    • 0028818680 scopus 로고
    • 'Comparison of six bioassays for assessing in vitro acute toxicity and structure-activity relationships for vinyl chloride monomer, its main metabolites and derivates'
    • Sauvant, M. P., Pepin, D., Bohatier, J. and Gr, C. A.: 1995, 'Comparison of six bioassays for assessing in vitro acute toxicity and structure-activity relationships for vinyl chloride monomer, its main metabolites and derivates', Sci. Total Environ. 172, 79-92.
    • (1995) Sci. Total Environ. , vol.172 , pp. 79-92
    • Sauvant, M.P.1    Pepin, D.2    Bohatier, J.3    Gr, C.A.4
  • 33
    • 0001348528 scopus 로고
    • 'Assessment of priority pollutant concentrations in the United States using STORET database'
    • Staples, C. A., Werner, A. F. and Hoogheem, T. J.: 1985, 'Assessment of priority pollutant concentrations in the United States using STORET database', Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 4, 131-142.
    • (1985) Environ. Toxicol. Chem. , vol.4 , pp. 131-142
    • Staples, C.A.1    Werner, A.F.2    Hoogheem, T.J.3
  • 34
    • 3442898400 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'Technical Guidance Documents in Support of the Commission Directive 93/67/EEC on Risk Assessment for New Notified Substances and the Commission Regulation (EC) 94/1488/EEC on Risk Assessment for Existing Substances (Parts I, II, III and IV)'
    • TGD: EC Catalogue numbers CR-48-96-001-EN-C, CR-48-96-002-EN-C, CR-48-96-003-EN-C, CR-48-96-004-EN-C. U.K. Environmental Agency: 1997, Personal Communication to ICI
    • TGD: 1996, 'Technical Guidance Documents in Support of the Commission Directive 93/67/EEC on Risk Assessment for New Notified Substances and the Commission Regulation (EC) 94/1488/EEC on Risk Assessment for Existing Substances (Parts I, II, III and IV)', EC Catalogue numbers CR-48-96-001-EN-C, CR-48-96-002-EN-C, CR-48-96-003-EN-C, CR-48-96-004-EN-C. U.K. Environmental Agency: 1997, Personal Communication to ICI.
    • (1996)
  • 35
    • 3442879451 scopus 로고
    • 'Occurence of vinyl chloride and other halogenated C1 and C2 hydrocarbons in German surface water'
    • Dioxin Bayreuth
    • Wittsiepe, J.: 1990, 'Occurence of vinyl chloride and other halogenated C1 and C2 hydrocarbons in German surface water', Dioxin 90, Bayreuth.
    • (1990) , vol.90
    • Wittsiepe, J.1
  • 36
    • 3442893496 scopus 로고
    • 'A molecular spectroscopy'
    • GB
    • Woldbaek, T.: 1978, 'A molecular spectroscopy', Spectrochimica Acta, GB. V34 A, Nr. 5, 481-487.
    • (1978) Spectrochimica Acta , vol.34 , Issue.5 , pp. 481-487
    • Woldbaek, T.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.