The in vitro effect of albendazole, ivermectin, diethylcarbamazine, and their combinations against infective third-stage larvae of nocturnally subperiodic Brugia malayi (Narathiwat strain): Scanning electron microscopy

Journal of Vector Ecology

Volumn 29, Issue 1, 2004, Pages 101-108

  Tippawangkosol, Pongsri ^a   Choochote, Wej ^a   Na Bangchang, Kesara ^b   Jitpakdi, Atchariya ^a   Pitasawat, Benjawan ^a   Riyong, Doungrat ^a  

^a Faculty of Medicine Chiang Mai University   (Thailand)

^b THAMMASAT UNIVERSITY   (Thailand)

Author keywords

Albendazole; Brugia malayi; Diethylcarbamazine; Ivermectin; Nocturnally subperiodic; Scanning electron microscopy (SEM)

Indexed keywords

ALBENDAZOLE; ANTHELMINTIC AGENT; ANTIFILARIAL AGENT; ANTINEMATODAL AGENT; DIETHYLCARBAMAZINE; IVERMECTIN;

ANIMAL; ARTICLE; BRUGIA MALAYI; CIRCADIAN RHYTHM; FILARIASIS; LARVA; MOVEMENT (PHYSIOLOGY); PATHOGENICITY; SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY; TOXICITY TESTING; ULTRASTRUCTURE;

ALBENDAZOLE; ANIMALS; ANTHELMINTICS; ANTINEMATODAL AGENTS; BRUGIA MALAYI; CIRCADIAN RHYTHM; DIETHYLCARBAMAZINE; FILARIASIS; FILARICIDES; IVERMECTIN; LARVA; MICROSCOPY, ELECTRON, SCANNING; MOVEMENT; TOXICITY TESTS;

ANIMALIA; BRUGIA; BRUGIA MALAYI;

EID: 3442882586     PISSN: 10811710     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (31)

1. Bandi, C., J. W. McCall, C. Genchi, S. Corona, L. Veneo, and L. Sacchi. 1999. Effects of tetracycline on the filarial worms Brugia pahangi and Dinofilaria immitis and their bacterial endosymbionts Wolbachia. Int. J. Parasitol. 29: 357-364.
2. Chew, L. K., L. H. Kwong, and M. Sihgh. 1983. Scanning electron microscopic study of Brugia malayi (Filarioidea: Onchoccreidae). Southeast Asian J. Trop. Med. Publ. 111th. 14: 113.
3. Choochote, W. 1981. Determination of the susceptibility of laboratory bred Aedes togoi and Anopheles mosquitoes to Brugia pahungi. M.Sc. Thesis, School of Tropical Medicine. Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand, 130 pp.
4. Choochote, W., W. Maleewong, S. Sucharil, V. Pipitgool, and C. Khamboonruang. 1987. Scanning electron microscopic study of nocturally subperiodic Brugia malayi (Filarioidea: Onchoecreidae), Narathiwat. southern Thailand. Southeast Asian J. Trop. Med. Publ. Ulth. 18: 14-23.
5. Cross H. F., A. Renz, and A. J. Trees. 1998. In vitro uptake of ivermectin by adult male Onchocerea ochongi. Ann. Trop. Med. Parasitol. 92: 711-720.
6. Deverre, J. R., P. Loiseau, Y. Letuurneux, P. Gayral, and J. P. Benit. 1989. In vitro evaluation of filaricidal activity of GABA and 1.3-dipalmitoy 1-2-(4-aminobutyryl) glyecrol HCL: a diglyceride product. J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 41: 191-193.
7. Dimyo, S. K., P. K. Nkrumah, and P. L. Sintonsen. 2000. A randomized double-blind placebo-controlled field trial of ivermectin and albendazole alone and in combination for the treatment of lymphatic filariasis in Ghana. Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. 94: 205-211.
8. Franz, M. and W. Lenze. 1982. Scanning electron microscope study of adult Brugia malayi. Tropenmedizin 33: 17-22.
9. Hannam, K. J., G. J. Gleich, J. L. Checkel, D. A. Loegering, J. W. McCall, and R. L. Barker. 1990. In vitro killing of microfilariae of Brugia pahangi and Brugia malayi by cosinophil granule proteins. J. Immunol. 144: 3166-3173.
10. Horton, J., C. Witt, E. A. Ottensen, J. K. Lazdins, D. G. Addiss, K. Awadzi, M. J. Beach, V. Y. Belzario, S. K. Dunyo, M. Espinel, J. O. Gyapong, M. Hossain, M. M. Ismail R. Y. Jayakody, P. I. Lammie, W. Makunde, D. Richard-Lenoble, B. Selve, R. K. Shenoy, P. E. Simonsen, C. N. Wamae, and M. Weerasooriya. 2000. An analysis of the safety of the single dose, two drug regimens used in programmes to climinate lymphatic filariasis. Parasitol. 121 (suppl): 147-160.
11. Ismail, M. M., R. L. Jayakody, G. J. Weil, D. Fernando, M. S. De Silva, G. A. De Silva, and W. K. Balasooriya. 2001. Long-term effiency of single-dose combinations of albendazole, ivermectin and diethylcarbamazine for the treatment of bancroftian filariasis. Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. 95: 332-335.
12. Karam, K. and E. A. Ottesen. 2000. The control of lymphatic filariasis. Med. Trop. 60: 291-296.
13. Karhwang, J., K. Na-Bangchang, and W. H. Wernsdorfer. 1997. Emerging Drugs: The prospect for improved medicines. Annual Executive Briefing, London, U.K.: The Holder Headline Group. pp. 328-380.
14. Kiuchi, F., N. Miyashita, Y. Tsuda, H. Yoshimura, and R. Kondo. 1987. Studies on crude drugs effective on visceral larva migrans, identification of larvicidal principals in Betel buts. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 35: 2880-2886.
15. Lim, K. C., A. K. Loh, and M. Singh. 1983. Scanning electron microscopic study of Brugia malayi (Filarioidea: Onchocercidae). Southeast Asian J. Trop. Med. Publ. Hlth. 14: 113-121.
16. Maleewong, W., W. Choochote, K. Sukhavut, C. Khamboonruang, and C. Arunyanart. 1987. Scanning electron microscopic study of third-stage larva of Wuchereria bancroft and Brugia malayi in Thailand. Southeast Asian J. Trop. Med. Publ. Hlth. 18: 261-264.
17. Michael, E., D. W. Meyrowistsch, and P. E. Simonsen. 1996. Cost and cost effectiveness of mass diethylcarbamazine chemotherapy for the control of bancroftian filariasis: comparison of four strategies in Tanzania. Trop. Med. Int. Hlth. 1:414-426.
18. Ottesen, E. A., B. O. I., Duke, M. Karam, and K. Behbchani. 1997. Strategies and tools for the control/elimination of lymphatic filariasis. Bull. Wld. Hlth. Org. 75: 491-503.
19. Ran, U. R., A. C. Viekery, B. H. Kwa, and J. K. Nayar. 1992. Brugia malayi: ivermectin inhibits the exsheathment of microfilaria. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 46: 183-188.
20. Richards, F. O. Jr., M. L. Eberhard, R. T. Bryan, D. F. McNeeley, P. J. Lammie, M. B. McNeeley, Y. Bernard, A. W. Hightower, and H. C. Spencer. 1991. Comparision of the high dose ivermectin and diethylcarbamazine for activity against bancroftian filariasis in Haiti. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 44: 3-10.
21. Shenoy, R. K., A. John, B. S. babu, T. K. Suma, and V. Kumaraswamai. 2000. Two years follow up of the microfilaremia of asymptomatic brugian filariasis after treatment with two annual single doses of ivermectin, diethylcarbamazine and albendazole in various combinations. Ann. Trop. Med. Parasitol. 94: 607-614.
22. Sowa, J. and S. C. Sowa. 1987. Long-term treatment of onchecreiasis in children with low doses of diethylcarbamazine. J. Liq. Chrom. 10:3451-3462.
23. Supali, T., I. S. Ismid, P. Ruckert, and P. Fischer. 2002. Treatment of Brugia timori and Wachereria bancrofii infections in Indonesia using DEC or a combination of DEC and albendazole: adverse reactions and short-term effects on microfilariae. Trop. Med. Int. Hlth. 7: 894-901.
24. Suwan, N., Y. Rongsriyam, P. Tippawangkosol, and W. Choochote. 1993. A suitable technique for in vitro development of Dirofilaria immitis from the second stage larvae to the infective larvae. Mosq. Borne Dis. Bull. 10: 83-90.
25. Tan, M. A., J. W. Mak, and H. S. Yong. 1989. In vitro activity of some monoclonal antibodies against Bragia malayi microfilariae and infective larvae. Trop. Med. Parasitol. 40: 317-321.
26. Tippawangkosol, P., W. Choochote, D. Riyong, A. Jitpakdi, and B. Pitasawat. 2002. A simple technique for the in vitro cultivation of nocturnally subperiodic Brugia malayi infective lavae. Southeast Asian J. Trop. Med. Publ. Hlth. 33 (suppl 3): 16-22.
27. Whitworth, J. A. G., M. D. Downham, G. Lahai, and G. H. Maude. 1996. A community trial of ivernectin for onchocereiasis in Sierra Leone: compliance and parasitological profiles after three and half years of intervention. Trop. Med. Int. Hlth. 1: 52-58.
28. World Health Organization. 1996. Report from the WHO informal consultation on albendazole research findings in lympharic filariasis. Document WHO/ FIL. 194 Geneva: WHO.
29. Yates, J. A. and G. I. Higashi. 1986. Ultrastructural observations on the fate of Brugia malayi in jirds previously vaccinated with irradiated infective stage larvac. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 35: 982-987.
30. Zaman, V. 1987. Scanning electron microscopy of Brugia malayi. Ciba Found. Symp. 127: 77-93.
31. Zaman, V. and F. Narayanan. 1986. Differentiation of infective larvae of Brugia malayi and Wuchereria bancrofti by scanning electron microscopy. Ann. Trop. Med. Parasitol. 80: 333-338.