Fiber-laser-based noise-immune cavity-enhanced optical heterodyne molecular spectrometry for Doppler-broadened detection of C2H2 in the parts per trillion range

Journal of the Optical Society of America B: Optical Physics

Volumn 24, Issue 6, 2007, Pages 1392-1405

  Schmidt, Florian M ^a   Foltynowicz, Aleksandra ^a   Ma, Weiguang ^a   Axner, Ove ^a  

^a UMEÅ UNIVERSITY   (Sweden)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ELECTROOPTICAL DEVICES; FIBER LASERS; HETERODYNING; INTEGRATED OPTICS; LIGHT ABSORPTION; LIGHT MODULATORS;

DOPPLER-BROADENED TRANSITION; OPTICAL HETERODYNE MOLECULAR SPECTROMETRY;

SPECTROMETERS;

EID: 34347407647     PISSN: 07403224     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1364/JOSAB.24.001392     Document Type: Article

References (30)

1. B. A. Paldus and A. A. Kachanov, "An historical overview of cavity-enhanced methods," Can. J. Phys. 83, 975-999 (2005).
2. 2HD overtone transition," Opt. Lett. 21, 1000-1002 (1996).
3. 2HD molecular overtone transition," IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. 46, 178-182 (1997).
4. J. Ye, L, S. Ma, and J. L. Hall, "Ultrasensitive detections in atomic and molecular physics: demonstration in molecular overtone spectroscopy," J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 15, 6-15 (1998).
5. 2HD," J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 16, 2255-2268 (1999).
6. C. Ishibashi and H. Sasada, "Highly sensitive cavity-enhanced sub-Doppler spectroscopy of a molecular overtone band with a 1.66 μm tunable diode laser," Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., Part 1 38, 920-922 (1999).
7. L. Gianfrani, R. W. Fox, and L. Hollberg, "Cavity-enhanced absorption spectroscopy of molecular oxygen," J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 16, 2247-2254 (1999).
8. M. S. Taubman, T. L. Myers, B. D. Cannon, and R. M. Williams, "Stabilization, injection and control of quantum cascade lasers, and their application to chemical sensing in the infrared," Spectrochim. Acta, Part A 60, 3457-3468 (2004).
9. N. J. van Leeuwen, H. G. Kjaergaard, D. L. Howard, and A. C. Wilson, "Measurement of ultraweak transitions in the visible region of molecular oxygen," J. Mol. Spectrosc. 228, 83-91 (2004).
10. N. J. van Leeuwen and A. C. Wilson, "Measurement of pressure-broadened, ultraweak transitions with noise-immune cavity-enhanced optical heterodyne molecular spectroscopy," J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 21, 1713-1721 (2004).
11. J. Bood, A. McIlroy, and D. L. Osborn, "Measurement of the sixth overtone band of nitric oxide, and its dipole moment function, using cavity-enhanced frequency modulation spectroscopy," J. Chem. Phys. 124, 084311 (2006).
12. E. A. Whittaker, M. Gehrtz, and G. C. Bjorklund, "Residual amplitude modulation in laser electro-optic phase modulation," J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 2, 1320-1326 (1985).
13. W. Ma, A. Foltynowicz, F. M. Schmidt, and O. Axner are preparing a paper to be called "Etalon background signals in NICE-OHMS."
14. G. C. Bjorklund, M. D. Levenson, W. Lenth, and C. Oritz, "Frequency modulation (FM) spectroscopy: theory of line shapes and signal-to-noise analysis," Appl. Phys. B 32, 145-152 (1983).
15. P. Kluczynski, J. Gustafsson, A. M. Lindberg, and O. Axner, "Wavelength modulation absorption spectrometry - an extensive scrutiny of the generation of signals," Spectrochim. Acta, Part B 56, 1277-1354 (2001).
16. R. L. Kronig, "On the theory of dispersion of x-rays," J. Opt. Soc. Am. 12, 547-557 (1926).
17. H. A. Kramers, "La diffusion de la lumiére par les atomes," Atti Congr. Int. Fis. Como 2, 545-557 (1927).
18. S. W. North, X. S. Zheng, R. Fei, and G. E. Hall, "Line shape analysis of Doppler broadened frequency-modulated line spectra," J. Chem. Phys. 104, 2129-2135 (1996).
19. J. D. Ingle and S. R. Crouch, Spectrochemical Analysis (Prentice-Hall, 1988).
20. Koheras, "Koheras Adjustik Fiber Laser System," http://www.koheras.com/Menu/ProductsfUltra+Precise+Laser/ ADJUSTIK%e2%84%a2/koheras_adjustik.pdf.
21. R. G. DeVoe and R. G. Brewer, "Laser frequency division and stabilization," Phys. Rev. A 30, 2827-2829 (1984).
22. -3.
23. F. K. Tittel, D. Richter, and A. Fried, "Mid-infrared laser applications in spectroscopy," in Solid-State Mid-Infrared Laser Sources, J. T. Sorokina and K. L. Vodopyanov, eds. (Springer, 2003), pp. 445-510.
24. Y. He and B. J. Orr, "Rapidly swept, continuous-wave cavity ringdown spectroscopy with optical heterodyne detection: single- and multi-wavelength sensing of gases," Appl. Phys. B 75, 267-280 (2002).
25. D. Romanini, A. A. Kachanov, N. Sadeghi, and F. Stoeckel, "CW cavity ring down spectroscopy," Chem. Phys. Lett. 264, 316-322 (1997).
26. D. E. Vogler and M. W. Sigrist, "Near-infrared laser based cavity ringdown spectroscopy for applications in petrochemical industry," Appl. Phys. B 85, 349-354 (2006).
27. J. Cousin, P. Masselin, W. Chen, D. Boucher, S. Kassi, D. Romanini, and P. Szriftgiser, "Application of a continuous-wave tunable erbium-doped fiber laser to molecular spectroscopy in the near infrared," Appl. Phys. B 83, 261-266 (2006).
28. P. Malara, P. Maddaloni, G. Gagliardi, and P. De Natale, "Combining a difference-frequency source with an off-axis high-finesse cavity for trace-gas monitoring around 3 μm," Opt. Express 14, 1304-1313 (2006).
29. A. O'Keefe, J. J. Scherer, and J. B. Paul, "cw integrated cavity output spectroscopy," Chem. Phys. Lett. 307, 343-349 (1999).
30. D. S. Baer, J. B. Paul, J. B. Gupta, and A. O'Keefe, "Sensitive absorption measurements in the near-infrared region using off-axis integrated-cavity-output spectroscopy," Appl. Phys. B 75, 261-265 (2002).