Dirty hands and lesser evils in the war on terror

British Journal of Politics and International Relations

Volumn 9, Issue 3, 2007, Pages 509-526

  Bellamy, Alex J ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF QUEENSLAND   (Australia)

Author keywords

Emergency; Ethics; Terror; War

Indexed keywords

ETHICS; LEADERSHIP; WAR;

EID: 34347406971     PISSN: 13691481     EISSN: 1467856X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-856X.2006.00255.x     Document Type: Article

References (61)

1. Art, R. J. and Waltz, K. N. (1983) 'Technology, strategy and the uses of force', in R. J. Art and K. N. Waltz (eds), The Use of Force: International Politics and Foreign Policy (2nd edn) (Lanham MD: University Press of America), 1-25.
2. Augustine (1972) City of God, trans. H. Bettenson (London: Penguin).
3. Axinn, S. (1989) A Moral Military (Philadelphia PA: Temple University Press).
4. Bailey, S. D. (1972) Prohibitions and Restraints in War (London: Oxford University Press for the Royal Institute of International Affairs).
5. Ball, T. (1984) 'The picaresque prince: Reflections of Machiavelli and moral change', Political Theory, 12: 4, 521-536.
6. Bellamy, A. J. (2006) 'No pain, no gain? Ethics and torture in the war on terror', International Affairs, 82: 1, 121-148.
7. British Institute of Human Rights (1975) Detention: Minimum Standards of Treatment (London: Rose).
8. Brodie, B. (1974) War and Politics (New York: Macmillan).
9. Caney, S. (2005) Justice beyond Borders: A Global Political Theory (Oxford: Oxford University Press).
10. Cassese, A. (1996) Inhuman States: Imprisonment, Detention and Torture in Europe Today (Cambridge: Polity).
11. Clark, I. (2005) Legitimacy in International Society (Oxford: Oxford University Press).
12. Elshtain, J. B. (2002) Just War Against Terror: The Burden of American Power in a Violent World (New York: Basic Books).
13. Farer, T. (2004) 'US abuse of Iraqi detainees at Abu Ghraib Prison', American Journal of International Law, 98: 3, 591-596.
14. Franck, T. (2002) Recourse to Force: State Action against Threats and Armed Attacks (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press).
15. Frum, D. and Perle, R. (2003) An End to Evil: How to Win the War on Terror (New York: Random House).
16. Glennon, M. J. (2002) 'The fog of law: Self-defense, inherence, and incoherence in Article 51 of the United Nations Charter', Harvard Journal of International Law and Public Policy, 25: 2, 541-549.
17. Greenberg, K. J. and Dratel, J. L. (eds) (2005) The Torture Papers: The Road to Abu Ghraib (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press).
18. Gross, O. (2003) 'Chaos and rules: Should responses to violent crises always be constitutional?' Yale Law Journal, 112: 5, 1011-1134.
19. Hancock, C. L. (1994) 'Cicero versus Machiavelli: Does the end justify the means?' Contemporary Philosophy, 16: 6, 8-28.
20. Harbury, J. K. (2005) Truth, Torture and the American Way: The History and Consequences of US Involvement in Torture (Boston MA: Beacon Press).
21. Hendrickson, D. C. (1997) 'In defense of realism: A commentary on Just and Unjust Wars', Ethics and International Affairs, 11: 1, 19-54.
22. Hendrickson, D. C. and Tucker, R. W. (2005) 'Revisions in need of revising: What went wrong in the IraqWar', Survival, 47: 2, 33-54.
23. Higgins, R. (1994) Problems and Process: International Law and How We Use It (Oxford: Clarendon Press).
24. Holmes, R. (1989) On War and Morality (Princeton NJ: Princeton University Press).
25. Ignatieff, M. (2004) The Lesser Evil: Political Ethics in an Age of Terror (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press).
26. Joint Chiefs of Staff (2005) Joint Doctrine for Detainee Operations, Joint Publication 3-63, 23 March.
27. Kennan, G. F. (1985) 'Morality and foreign policy', Foreign Affairs, 64: 2, 205-218.
28. Kratochwil, F. V. (2000) 'How Do Norms Matter?' in M. Byers (ed.), The Role of Law in International Politics: Essays in International Relations and International Law (Oxford: Oxford University Press), 35-68.
29. Lebow, R. N. (2003) The Tragic Vision of Politics: Ethics, Interests and Orders (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press).
30. Lewis, A. (2004) 'Making torture legal', New York Review of Books, 15 July.
31. Linker, D. (1992) 'Machiavelli, Harrington and the character of modern Utopia', Conference: A Journal of Philosophy and Theory, 3: 2, 18-29.
32. Linklater, A. (1982) Men and Citizens in the Theory of International Relations (London: Macmillan).
33. Linklater, A. (1998) The Transformation of Political Community (Cambridge: Polity).
34. Machiavelli, N. (1940) The Prince, trans. C. Detmold (Oxford: Oxford University Press).
35. Machiavelli, N. (1965) 'The discourses', Book III in A. Gilbert (trans. and ed.), Machiavelli: The Chief Works and Others (Durham NC: Duke University Press).
36. McCormack, T. (1996) Self-Defence in International Law: The Israeli Raid on the Iraqi Nuclear Reactor (Oxford: St Martin's Press).
37. McMahan, J. (1996) 'Realism, morality and war', in T. Nardin (ed.), The Ethics of War and Peace: Religious and Secular Perspectives (Princeton NJ: Princeton University Press), 78-92.
38. McMahan, J. (1997) 'The limits of national partiality', in R. McKim and J. MacMahan (eds), The Morality of Nationalism (Oxford: Oxford University Press), 107-138.
39. McMahan, J. and McKim, R. (1993) 'The just war and the gulfwar ', Canadian Journal of Philosophy, 23: 4, 513-539.
40. Morgenthau, H. J. (1945) 'The evil of politics and the ethics of evil', Ethics, LVI: 1.
41. Morgenthau, H. J. (1951) In Defense of the National Interest: A Critical Examination of American Foreign Policy (New York: Alfred Knopf).
42. Nagel, T. (1972) 'War and massacre', Philosophy and Public Affairs, 1: 2, 123-144.
43. O'Boyle, M. (1977) 'Torture and emergency powers under the European convention of human rights: Ireland vs. United Kingdom', American Journal of International Law, 71: 4, 674-706.
44. Orend, B. (2000) Michael Walzer on War and Justice (Cardiff: University of Wales Press).
45. Osiander, A. (1994) The States System of Europe 1640-1990: Peacemaking and the Condition of International Stability (Oxford: Oxford University Press).
46. Parel, A. J. (1990) 'Machiavelli's notion of justice: Text and analysis', Political Theory, 18: 4, 528-544.
47. Pictet, J. (ed.) (1960) The Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949-Commentary: III Geneva Convention Relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War (Geneva: ICRC).
48. Posner, R. (2002) 'The best offense', The New Republic, 2 September.
49. Press, E. (2003) 'In torture we trust', The Nation, 31 March.
50. Rodley, N. S. (1987) The Treatment of Prisoners Under International Law (Oxford: Clarendon Press).
51. Rosenberg, H. (2003) 'Terror and immigration law', The Nation, 1 December.
52. Scott, J. (1992) 'The law of war: Grotius, Sidney, Locke and the political theory of rebellion', History of Political Thought, 13: 4, 565-585.
53. Shapcott, R. (2001) Justice, Community and Dialogue in International Relations (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press).
54. Simpson, G. (2004) Great Powers and Outlaw States: Unequal Sovereigns in the International Legal Order (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press).
55. Stern, J. E. (2004) 'Caliphate of terror', Harvard Magazine, July-August.
56. Tooke, J. D. (1965) The Just War in Aquinas and Grotius (London: SPCK).
57. Walzer, M. (1974) 'Political action: The problem of dirty hands', in M. Cohen, T. Nagel and T. Scanlon (eds), War and Moral Responsibility (Princeton NJ: Princeton University Press), 69-76.
58. Walzer, M. (1977) Just and Unjust Wars (New York: Basic Books).
59. Walzer, M. (1994) Thick and Thin: Moral Argument at Home and Abroad (Notre Dame: University of Notre Dame Press).
60. Wheeler, N. J. (2004) 'The Kosovo bombing campaign', in C. Reus-Smit (ed.), The Politics of International Law (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press), 189-216.
61. Wolfers, A. (1949) 'Statesmanship and moral choice', World Politics, 1: 2, 175-195.