Traumatic brain injury in infants: the phenomenon of subdural hemorrhage with hemispheric hypodensity ("Big Black Brain")

Progress in Brain Research

Volumn 161, Issue , 2007, Pages 293-302

  Duhaime, Ann Christine ^a   Durham, Susan ^a  

^a CHILDREN S HOSPITAL AT DARTMOUTH   (United States)

Author keywords

black brain; child abuse; infant; pathophysiology; subdural hematoma

Indexed keywords

BRAIN DECOMPRESSION; BRAIN EDEMA; CRANIECTOMY; DIAGNOSTIC IMAGING; DISEASE COURSE; HEMISPHERE; HUMAN; NEUROPATHOLOGY; NONHUMAN; NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; SEIZURE; STRESS; SUBDURAL HEMATOMA; TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY;

ANIMALS; APNEA; BRAIN EDEMA; BRAIN INJURIES; DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL; HEMATOMA, SUBDURAL, INTRACRANIAL; HUMANS; INFANT; INFANT, NEWBORN; MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; SEIZURES; TOMOGRAPHY, X-RAY COMPUTED;

EID: 34347356389     PISSN: 00796123     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book Series    
DOI: 10.1016/S0079-6123(06)61020-0     Document Type: Review

References (54)

1. Alexander R., Sato Y., Smith W., and Bennett T. Incidence of impact trauma with cranial injuries ascribed to shaking. Am. J. Dis. Child 144 (1990) 724-726
2. Bechtel K., Stoessel K., Leventhal J.M., Ogle E., Teague B., Lavietes S., Banyas B., Allen K., Dziura J., and Duncan C. Characteristics that distinguish accidental from abusive injury in hospitalized young children with head trauma. Pediatrics 114 (2006) 165-168
3. Berger P.R., Adelson P., Richichi R., and Kochanek P.M. Serum biomarkers after traumatic and hypoxemic brain injuries: insight into the biochemical response of the pediatric brain to inflected brain injury. Dev. Neurosci. 28 (2006) 327-335
4. Bird C.R., McMahan J.R., Gilles F.H., Senac M.O., and Apthorp J.S. Strangulation in child abuse: CT diagnosis. Radiology 163 (1987) 373-375
5. Bullock R., Butcher S., and Mcculloch J. Changes in extracellular glutamate concentration after acute subdural haematoma in the rat: evidence for an "excitotoxic" mechanism?. Acta Neurochir. Suppl. 51 (1990) 274-276
6. Bullock R., Butcher S.P., Chen M., Kendall L., and Mcculloch J. Correlation of the extracellular glutamate concentration with extent of blood flow reduction after subdural hematoma in the rat. J. Neurosurg. 74 (1991) 794-802
7. Caffey J. On the theory and practice of shaking infants: its potential residual effects of permanent brain damage and mental retardation. AJDC 124 (1972) 161-169
8. Caffey J. The whiplash shaken infant syndrome: manual shaking by the extremities with whiplash-induced intracranial and intraocular bleedings, linked with residual permanent brain damage and mental retardation. Pediatrics 54 (1974) 396-403
9. Cho D., Wang Y., and Chi C. Decompressive craniotomy for acute shaken/impact baby syndrome. Pediatr. Neurosurg. 23 (1995) 192-198
10. Clancy R.R., Legido A., and Lewis D. Occult neonatal seizures. Epilepsia 29 (1988) 256-261
11. Cohen R.A., Kaufman R.A., Myers P.A., and Towbin R.B. Cranial computed tomography in the abused child with head injury. AJR 146 (1986) 97-102
12. Dias M.S., Backstrom J., Falk M., and Li V. Serial radiography in the infant shaken impact syndrome. Pediatr. Neurosurg. 29 (1998) 77-85
13. Duhaime A.C., Bilaniuk L., and Zimmerman R. The "big black brain": radiographic changes after severe inflicted head injury in infancy. J. Neurotrauma 10 (1993) S59
14. Duhaime A.C., Christian C., Moss E., and Seidl T. Long-term outcome in children with the shaking-impact syndrome. Pediatr. Neurosurg. 24 (1996) 292-298
15. Duhaime A.C., Christian C.W., Rorke L.B., and Zimmerman R.A. Nonaccidental head injury in infants: the "Shaken Baby Syndrome". New Engl. J. Med. 338 (1998) 1822-1829
16. Duhaime, A.C., Gennarelli, L., Yachnis, A.T. and Ross, D.T. (1992) Acute subdural hematoma: is the blood itself toxic? Pediatric Section, American Association of Neurological Surgeons, Annual Meeting. Vancouver, B.C.
17. Duhaime A.C., Gennarelli T.G., Thibault L.E., Bruce D.A., Margulies S.S., and Wiser R. The shaken baby syndrome: a clinical, pathological, and biomechanical study. J. Neurosurg. 66 (1987) 409-415
18. Duhaime A.C., Hunter J.V., Grate L.L., Kim A., Demidenko E., Golden J.A., and Harris C. Magnetic resonance imaging studies of age-dependent responses to scaled focal brain injury in the piglet. J. Neurosurg. 99 (2003) 542-548
19. Duhaime A.C., Margulies S.S., Durham S.R., O'Rourke M.M., Golden J.A., Marwaha S., and Raghupathi R. Maturation-dependent response of the piglet brain to scaled cortical impact. J. Neurosurg. 93 (2000) 455-462
20. Ewing-Cobbs L., Kramer L., Prasad M., Canales D.N., Louis P.T., Fletcher J.M., Vollero H., Landry S.H., and Cheung K. Neuroimaging, physical, and developmental findings after inflicted and noninflicted traumatic brain injury in young children. Pediatrics 102 (1998) 300-307
21. Ewing-Cobbs L., Prasad M., Kraer L., and Landry S. Inflicted traumatic brain injury: relationship of developmental outcome to severity of injury. Pediatr. Neurosurg. 31 (1999) 251-258
22. Finnie, J.W., Manavis, J. and Blumbergs, P.C. (2006) An ovine model of the shaken baby syndrome. International Neurotrauma Society 8th Annual Neurotrauma Symposium. Rotterdam, The Netherlands, International Neurotrauma Society.
23. Geddes J.F., Hackshaw A.K., Vowles G.H., Nickols C.D., and Whitwell H.L. Neuropathology of inflicted head injury in children: I. Patterns of brain damage. Brain 124 (2001) 1290-1298
24. Geddes J.F., Hackshaw A.K., Vowles G.H., Nickols C.D., and Whitwell H.L. Neuropathology of inflicted head injury in children: II. Microscopic brain injury in infants. Brain 124 (2001) 1299-1306
25. Ghahreman A., Bhasin V., Chaseling R., Andrews B., and Lang E.W. Nonaccidental head injuries in children: a Sydney experience. J. Neurosurg. 103 (2005) 213-218
26. Gilles E.E., Mcgregor M.L., and Levy-Clark G. Retinal hemorrhage asymmetry in inflicted head injury: a clue to pathogenesis?. J. Pediatr. 143 (2003) 494-499
27. Gilles E.E., and Nelson Jr. M.D. Cerebral complications of nonaccidental head injury in childhood. Pediatr. Neurol. 19 (1998) 119-128
28. Graupman P., and Winston K.R. Nonaccidental head trauma as a cause of childhood death. J. Neurosurg. (4 Suppl. Pediatr.) 104 (2006) 245-250
29. Guthkelch A.K. Infantile subdural hematoma and its relationship to whiplash injuries. Br. Med. J. 2 (1971) 430-431
30. Hadley M.N., Sonntag V.K.H., Rekate H.L., and Murphy A. The infant whiplash-shake syndrome: a clinical and pathological study. Neurosurgery 24 (1989) 536-540
31. Hahn Y.S., Raimondi A.J., Mclone D.G., and Yamanouchi Y. Traumatic mechanisms of head injury in child abuse. Childs Brain 10 (1983) 229-241
32. Ichord R.N., Naim M., Pollock A.N., Nance M.L., Margulies S.S., and Christian C.W. Hypoxic-ischemic injury complicates inflicted and accidental traumatic brain injury in young children: the role of diffusion-weighted imaging. J. Neurotrauma 24 1 (2007) 106-118
33. Inglis F., Kuroda Y., and Bullock R. Glucose hypermetabolism after acute subdural hematoma is ameliorated by a competitive NMDA antagonist. J. Neurotrauma 9 (1992) 75-84
34. Inglis F.M., Bullock R., Chen D.I., Graham D.I., Miller J.D., and Mcculloch J. Ischaemic brain damage associated with tissue hypermetabolism in acute subdural haematoma: reduction by a glutamate antagonist. Acta Neurochir. Suppl. 51 (1990) 277-279
35. Johnson D.L., Boal D., and Baule R. Role of apnea in nonaccidental head injury. J. Ped. Neurosurg. 23 (1995) 305-310
36. Johnston M.V., Trescher W.H., Ishida A., and Nakajima W. Neurobiology of hypoxic-ischemic injury in the developing brain. Pediatr. Res. 49 (2001) 735-741
37. Kemp A.M., Stoodley N., Cobley C., Coles L., and Kemp K.W. Apnoea and brain swelling in non-accidental head injury. Arch. Dis. Child. 88 (2003) 472-476
38. Kuroda Y., and Bullock R. Local cerebral blood flow mapping before and after removal of acute subdural hematoma in the rat. Neurosurgery 30 (1992) 687-691
39. Ludwig S., and Warman M. Shaken baby syndrome: a review of 20 cases. Ann. Emerg. Med. 13 (1984) 104-107
40. Miller J.D., Bullock R., Graham D.I., Chen M.H., and Teasdale G.M. Ischemic brain damage in a model of acute subdural hematoma. Neurosurgery 27 (1990) 433-439
41. Ommaya A.K., Corrao P., and Letcher F.S. Head injury in the chimpanzee. Part 1: biodynamics of traumatic unconsciousness. J. Neurosurg. 39 (1973) 152-166
42. Ommaya A.K., Faas F., and Yarnell P. Whiplash injury and brain damage: an experimental study. JAMA 204 (1968) 285-289
43. Ommaya A.K., and Yarnell P. Subdural hematoma after whiplash injury. Lancet 2 (1962) 237-239
44. Painter M.J. Animal models of perinatal asphyxia: contributions, contradictions, and clinical relevance. Semin. Pediatr. Neurol. 2 (1995) 37-56
45. Raghupathi R., and Margulies S.S. Traumatic axonal injury after closed head injury in the neonatal pig. J. Neurotrauma 19 (2002) 843-853
46. Raghupathi R., Mehr M.F., Helfaer M.A., and Margulies S.S. Traumatic axonal injury is exacerbated following repetitive closed head injury in the neonatal pig. J. Neurotrauma 21 (2004) 307-316
47. Rorke L.B. Anatomical features of the developing brain implicated in pathogenesis of hypoxic-ischemic injury. Brain Pathol. 2 (1992) 211-221
48. Ruppell R.A., Kochanek P.M., Adelson P.D., Rose M.E., Wisniewski S.R., Bell M.J., Clark R.S., Marion D.W., and Graham S.H. Excitatory amino acid concentrations in ventricular cerebrospinal fluid after severe traumatic brain injury in infants and children: the role of child abuse. J. Pediatr. 138 (2001) 18-25
49. Shaver E., Duhaime A.C., Curtis M., Gennarelli L.M., and Barrett R. Experimental acute subdural hematoma in infant piglets. Pediatr. Neurosurg. 25 (1996) 123-129
50. Smith S.L., Andrus P.K., Gleason D.D., and Hall E.D. Infant rat model of the shaken baby syndrome: preliminary characterization and evidence for the role of free radicals in cortical hemorrhaging and progressive neuronal degeneration. J. Neurotrauma 15 (1998) 693-705
51. Taylor A., Butt W., Rosenfeld J., Shann F., Ditchfield M., Lewis E., Klug G., Wallace D., Henning R., and Tibbals J. A randomized trial of very early decompressive craniectomy in children with traumatic brain injury and sustained intracranial hypertension. Child Nerv. Syst. 17 (2001) 154-162
52. Vanucci S.J., and Hagberg H. Hypoxia-ischemia in the immature brain. J. Exp. Biol. 207 Pt 18 (2004) 3149-3154
53. Whyte K.M., and Pascoe M. Does "black" brain mean doom? Computed tomography in the prediction of outcome in children with severe head injuries: "benign" vs. "malignant" brain swelling. Australas. Radiol. 33 (1989) 344-347
54. Zimmerman R.A., Bilaniuk L.T., Bruce D., Schut L., Uzzell B., and Goldberg H.I. Computed tomography of craniocerebral injury in the abused child. Radiology 130 (1979) 687-690