Autoimmune hemolytic anemias, Evans' syndromes, and pure red cell aplasia in non-Hodgkin lymphomas

Leukemia and Lymphoma

Volumn 48, Issue 6, 2007, Pages 1139-1149

  Hauswirth, Alexander W ^a   Skrabs, Cathrin ^a   Schützinger, Christian ^a   Gaiger, Alexander ^a   Lechner, Klaus ^a   Jäger, Ulrich ^a  

^a MEDICAL UNIVERSITY OF VIENNA   (Austria)

Author keywords

Autoimmune hemolytic anemia; Non Hodgkin lymphoma; Rituximab; Treatment

Indexed keywords

ALPHA INTERFERON; ANTIBODY; AZATHIOPRINE; CLADRIBINE; CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE; IMMUNOGLOBULIN; INTERFERON; PENTOSTATIN; PREDNISONE; RITUXIMAB; STEROID;

ARTICLE; AUTOIMMUNE HEMOLYTIC ANEMIA; B CELL LYMPHOMA; CANCER REGRESSION; CANCER STAGING; DRUG EFFICACY; DRUG MEGADOSE; FEMALE; FOLLICULAR LYMPHOMA; HAIRY CELL LEUKEMIA; HUMAN; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MANTLE CELL LYMPHOMA; MEDLINE; MYELOMA; NONHODGKIN LYMPHOMA; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PURE RED CELL ANEMIA; SEX DIFFERENCE; SPLENECTOMY; T CELL LYMPHOMA;

ANEMIA, HEMOLYTIC, AUTOIMMUNE; HUMANS; LEUKEMIA, HAIRY CELL; LEUKEMIA, LYMPHOCYTIC, CHRONIC, B-CELL; LYMPHOMA, B-CELL; LYMPHOMA, FOLLICULAR; LYMPHOMA, MANTLE-CELL; LYMPHOMA, NON-HODGKIN; LYMPHOMA, T-CELL, PERIPHERAL; MULTIPLE MYELOMA; PROGNOSIS; PURPURA, THROMBOCYTOPENIC, IDIOPATHIC; RED-CELL APLASIA, PURE; RISK FACTORS; SYNDROME;

EID: 34347329188     PISSN: 10428194     EISSN: 10292403     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/10428190701385173     Document Type: Article

References (131)

1. Mauro, F. R., Foa, R., Cerretti, R., Giannarelli, D., Coluzzi, S. and Mandelli, F. (2000) Autoimmune hemolytic anemia in chronic lymphocytic leukemia: Clinical, therapeutic, and prognostic features. Blood, 95, pp. 2786-2792.
2. Hamblin, T. J. (2006) Autoimmune complications of chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Semin Oncol, 33, pp. 230-239.
3. Hamblin, T. J., Oscier, D. G. and Young, B. J. (1986) Autoimmunity in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. J Clin Pathol, 39, pp. 713-716.
4. Sallah, S., Wan, J. Y. and Hanrahan, L. R. (2001) Future development of lymphoproliferative disorders in patients with autoimmune haemolytic anemia. Clin Cancer Res, 7, pp. 791-794.
5. Myint, H., Copplestone, J. A., Orchard, J., Craig, V., Curtis, D. and Prentice, A. G. (1995) Fludarabine-related AIHA in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. Br J Haematol, 91, pp. 341-344.
6. Eichhorst, B. F., Busch, R., Hopfinger, G., Pasold, R., Hensel, M., Steinbrecher, C. and German CLL Study Group (2006) Fludarabine plus cyclophosphamide versus fludarabine alone in first-line therapy of younger patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Blood, 107, pp. 885-891.
7. Duhrsen, U., Augener, W., Zwingers, T. and Brittinger, G. (1987) Spectrum and frequency of autoimmune derangements in lymphoproliferative disorders: Analysis of 637 cases and comparison with myeloproliferative diseases. Br J Haematol, 67, pp. 235-239.
8. Economopoulos, T., Stathakis, N., Constantinidou, M., Papageorgiou, E., Anastassiou, C. and Raptis, S. (1995) Cold agglutinin disease in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Eur J Haematol, 55, pp. 69-71.
9. Jones, S. E. (1973) Autoimmune disorders and malignant lymphoma. Cancer, 31, pp. 1092-1098.
10. Gronbaek, K., D'Amore, F. and Schmidt, K. (1995) Autoimmune phenomena in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Leuk Lymphoma, 18, pp. 311-316.
11. Varoczy, L., Gergely, L., Zeher, M., Szegedi, G. and Illes, A. (2002) Malignant lymphoma-associated autoimmune diseases - a descriptive epidemiological study. Rheumatol Int, 22, pp. 233-237.
12. Garcia-Sanz, R., Montoto, S., Torrequebrada, A., de Coca, A. G., Petit, J., Sureda, A. and Spanish Group for the Study of Waldenstrom Macroglobulinaemia and PETHEMA (Programme for the Study and Treatment of Haematological Malignancies) (2001) Waldenstrom macroglobulinaemia: presenting features and outcome in a series with 217 cases. Br J Haematol, 115, pp. 575-582.
13. Kyrtsonis, M. C., Vassilakopoulos, T. P., Angelopoulou, M. K., Siakantaris, P., Kontopidou, F. N. and Dimopoulou, M. N. (2001) Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia: Clinical course and prognostic factors in 60 patients. Experience from a single hematology unit. Ann Hematol, 80, pp. 722-727.
14. Dimopoulos, M. A., Panayiotidis, P., Moulopoulos, L. A., Sfikakis, P. and Dalakas, M. (2000) Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia: Clinical features, complications, and management. J Clin Oncol, 18, pp. 214-226.
15. Berger, F., Felman, P., Thieblemont, C., Pradier, T., Baseggio, L. and Bryon, P. A. (2000) Non-MALT marginal zone B-cell lymphomas: A description of clinical presentation and outcome in 124 patients. Blood, 95, pp. 1950-1956.
16. Coiffier, B., Berger, F., Bryon, P. A. and Magaud, J. P. (1988) T-cell lymphomas: Immunologic, histologic, clinical, and therapeutic analysis of 63 cases. J Clin Oncol, 6, pp. 1584-1589.
17. Dogan, A., Attygalle, A. D. and Kyriakou, C. (2003) Angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma. Br J Haematol, 121, pp. 681-691.
18. Pangalis, G. A., Moran, E. M. and Rappaport, H. (1978) Blood and bone marrow findings in angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy. Blood, 51, pp. 71-83.
19. Pautier, P., Devidas, A., Delmer, A., Dombret, H., Sutton, L. and Zini, J. M. (1999) Angioimmunoblastic-like T-cell non Hodgkin's lymphoma: outcome after chemotherapy in 33 patients and review of the literature. Leuk Lymphoma, 32, pp. 545-552.
20. Jaffe, E. S., Harris, N. L., Stein, H. and Vardiman, J. W. (2001) World Health Organization classification of tumours. Pathology and genetics of tumours of haematopoietic and lymphoid tissues, IARC Press, International Agency for Research on Cancer
21. Boccardi, V., Grasso, A. and Belsanti, V. (1968) Autoimmune hemolytic anemia associated to the presence of an anti-i antibody in the course of Brill-Symmers disease. Haematol Lat, 11, pp. 151-158.
22. Cavanna, L., Civardi, G., Vallisa, D. and Berte, R. (1999) Primary adrenal non-Hodgkin's lymphoma associated with autoimmune hemolytic anemia: A case diagnosed by ultrasound-guided fine needle biopsy. Ann Ital Med Int, 14, pp. 298-301.
23. Niitsu, N., Nakayama, M., Kato, M. and Umeda, M. (1997) Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma associated with cold agglutinin disease. Rinsho Ketsueki, 38, pp. 587-592.
24. Nakashima, Y., Abe, Y., Ohtsuka, R., Tachikawa, Y., Nagasawa, E. and Nishimura, J. (2004) Follicular lymphoma complicated with autoimmune hemolytic anemia and pure red cell aplasia. Rinsho Ketsueki, 45, pp. 1208-1210.
25. Sallah, S., Sigounas, G., Vos, P., Wan, J. Y. and Nguyen, N. P. (2000) Autoimmune hemolytic anemia in patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: characteristics and significance. Ann Oncol, 11, pp. 1571-1577.
26. Suzuki, K., Murata, Y., Shiotani, K., Kunikane, M., Fukuda, S. and Yoshida, Y. (1991) Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma accompanied by autoimmune hemolytic anemia with anti-e autoantibody. Jpn J Med, 30, pp. 123-129.
27. Thieblemont, C., Felman, P., Callet-Bauchu, E., Traverse-Glehen, A., Salles, G. and Berger, F. (2003) Splenic marginal-zone lymphoma: A distinct clinical and pathological entity. Lancet Oncol, 4, pp. 95-103.
28. Bonichon, N., Lifermann, F., Fossats, A., Canteloup, B. and Dauzan, Y. (1997) Autoimmune hemolytic anemia disclosing splenic lymphoma with villous lymphocyte. Presse Med, 26, p. 270.
29. Gale, R., Smith, O. P., Wood, M. and Mehta, A. B. (1992) Splenic lymphoma with villous lymphocytes complicated by autoimmune haemolytic anaemia. Lancet, 340, p. 1106.
30. Murakami, H., Irisawa, H., Saitoh, T., Matsushima, T., Tamura, J. and Sawamura, M. (1997) Immunological abnormalities in splenic marginal zone cell lymphoma. Am J Hematol, 56, pp. 173-178.
31. Palomera, L., Sola, C., Arruga, A., Domingo, J. M. and Gutierrez, M. (2002) Fatal autoimmune hemolytic anemia in a patient with splenic marginal-zone lymphoma with hairy lymphocytes. Rev Clin Esp, 202, pp. 360-361.
32. Paydas, S., Yavuz, S., Disel, U., Sahin, B. and Ergin, M. (2003) Successful rituximab therapy for hemolytic anemia associated with relapsed splenic marginal zone lymphoma with leukemic phase. Leuk Lymphoma, 44, pp. 2165-2166.
33. Sawamura, M., Yamaguchi, S., Murakami, H., Amagai, H., Matsushima, T. and Tamura, J. (1994) Multiple autoantibody production in a patient with splenic lymphoma. Ann Hematol, 68, pp. 251-254.
34. Yamazaki, K. (2003) A case of splenic lymphoma with marked diffuse nodular fibrosis and calcification, complicated with severe autoimmune hemolytic anemia. J Submicrosc Cytol Pathol, 35, pp. 17-23.
35. Liaw, Y. S., Yang, P. C., Su, I. J., Kuo, S. H., Wang, C. H. and Luh, K. T. (1994) Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma of the lung with cold-reacting autoantibody-mediated hemolytic anemia. Chest, 105, pp. 288-290.
36. Petit, J., Clavo, M., de Sevilla, A. F., Gonzalez-Barca, E., Domingo-Domenech, E. and Granena, A. (2003) Refractory cold agglutinin-immunohaemolytic anaemia associated to marginal zone lymphoma responding to rituximab. Hematol J, 4, pp. 450-451.
37. Civico, F Rivera, Omar, M., Almagro, M. and Jimenez-Alonso, J. (1994) Mucose-associated lymphoid tissue gastric lymphoma associated with Evans' syndrome. Med Clin (Barc), 102, p. 119.
38. Mainwaring, C. J., Walewska, R., Snowden, J., Winfield, D. A., Ng, J. P. and Chan-Lam, D. (2000) Fatal cold anti-i autoimmune haemolytic anaemia complicating hairy cell leukaemia. Br J Haematol, 109, pp. 641-643.
39. Cesana, C., Brando, B., Boiani, E., Chiodo, F., Cairoli, R. and Intropido, L. (2002) Effective treatment of autoimmune hemolytic anemia and hairy cell leukemia with interferon-alpha. Eur J Haematol, 68, pp. 120-121.
40. Guler, N., Kansu, E., Turker, A., Barista, I. and Kanra, T. (1997) Severe autoimmune hemolytic anemia in hairy cell leukemia. Eur J Haematol, 58, pp. 205-206.
41. Moullet, I., Salles, G., Dumontet, C., Bastion, Y., Morel, D. and Felman, P. (1995) Severe immune thombocytopenic purpura and haemolytic anaemia in a hairy-cell leukaemia patient. Eur J Haematol, 54, pp. 127-129.
42. Domingo, A., Crespo, N., de Sevilla, A Fernandez, Domenech, P., Jordan, C. and Callis, M. (1992) Hairy cell leukemia and autoimmune hemolytic anemia. Leukemia, 6, pp. 606-607.
43. Hofer, S., Hunziker, S., Dirnhofer, S. and Ludwig, C. (2003) Rituximab effective in a patient with refractory autoimmune haemolytic anaemia and CD20-negative multiple myeloma. Br J Haematol, 122, pp. 690-691.
44. Morado, M., Canales, M. A., Aguado, M. J. and Navarro, F Hernandez (1998) Association of multiple myeloma and autoimmune hemolytic anemia. Sangre (Barc), 43, pp. 467-468.
45. Muroi, K., Imagawa, S., Suda, T., Kajii, E., Otuka, Y. and Sakurabayashi, I. (1991) Multiple myeloma with hemolytic anemia and thrombocytopenia. Rinsho Ketsueki, 32, pp. 909-911.
46. Nakase, T., Morita, K., Tomeoku, M., Katou, M., Kanamaru, M. and Shirakawa, S. (1990) IgA-lambda type myeloma complicating with autoimmune hemolytic anemia. Rinsho Ketsueki, 31, pp. 1967-1968.
47. Onoda, K., Takai, K., Sanada, M., Aoki, S. and Watanabe, T. (1992) Autoimmune hemolytic anemia induced by alpha-interferon therapy in a case of IgG-kappa type multiple myeloma. Rinsho Ketsueki, 33, pp. 844-846.
48. Pengelly, C. D., Mondal, B. K. and Barua, A. R. (1973) Haemolytic anaemia in myelomatosis. Postgrad Med J, 49, pp. 279-281.
49. Pereira, A., Mazzara, R., Escoda, L., Alcorta, I., Nomdedeu, B. and Roelcke, D. (1993) Anti-Sa cold agglutinin of IgA class requiring plasma-exchange therapy as early manifestation of multiple myeloma. Ann Hematol, 66, pp. 315-318.
50. Yonekura, S., Nagao, T., Arimori, S., Miyaji, M., Ogoshi, K. and Tsutsumi, Y. (1990) Evans' syndrome associated with gastric plasmacytoma: Case report and a review of the literature. Jpn J Med, 29, pp. 512-515.
51. Vaiopoulos, G., Kyriakou, D., Papadaki, H., Fessas, P. and Eliopoulos, G. D. (1994) Multiple myeloma associated with autoimmune hemolytic anemia. Haematologica, 79, pp. 262-264.
52. Wada, H., Yata, K., Mikami, M., Suemori, S., Nakanishi, H. and Kondo, T. (2004) Multiple myeloma complicated by autoimmune hemolytic anemia. Intern Med, 43, pp. 595-598.
53. Bar, B. M., Reijnders, F. J., Keuning, J. J., Bal, H. and van Beek, M. (1986) Primary malignant lymphoma of the uterine cervix associated with cold-reacting autoantibody-mediated hemolytic anemia. Acta Haematol, 75, pp. 232-235.
54. Chiba, H., Matsunaga, T., Kuribayashi, K., Nikaido, T., Shirao, S. and Murakami, K. (2003) Autoimmune hemolytic anemia as a first manifestation of primary effusion lymphoma. Ann Hematol, 82, pp. 773-776.
55. Chng, W. J., Chen, J., Lim, S., Chong, S. M., Kueh, Y. K. and Lee, S. H. (2004) Translocation (8;22) in cold agglutinin disease associated with B-cell lymphoma. Cancer Genet Cytogenet, 152, pp. 66-69.
56. Hirose, Y., Takeshita, S., Shimizu, S., Ogawa, Y., Masaki, Y. and Fukutoku, M. (1998) Dissemination of Epstein-Barr virus associated B-cell lymphoma of the brain after development of immunological incompetence with Evans' syndrome. Int J Hematol, 67, pp. 81-86.
57. Katayama, H., Takeuchi, M., Yoshino, T., Munemasa, M., Tada, A. and Soda, R. (2001) Epstein-Barr virus associated diffuse large B-cell lymphoma complicated by autoimmune hemolytic anemia and pure red cell aplasia. Leuk Lymphoma, 42, pp. 539-542.
58. Kubota, T., Daibata, M., Kobayashi, M. and Taguchi, H. (2002) Malignant lymphoma of the lung associated with Evans' syndrome: Report of a case. Nihon Kokyuki Gakkai Zasshi, 40, pp. 965-969.
59. Kubota, Y. (2006) A case of primary pulmonary malignant lymphoma associated with autoimmune hemolytic anemia. Nihon Kokyuki Gakkai Zasshi, 44, pp. 453-457.
60. Kuipers, E. J., van Imhoff, G. W., Hazenberg, C. A. and Smit, J. (1991) Anti-H IgM (kappa) autoantibody mediated severe intravascular haemolysis associated with malignant lymphoma. Br J Haematol, 78, pp. 283-285.
61. Sivakumaran, M., Murphy, P. T., Booker, D. J., Wood, J. K., Stamps, R. and Sokol, R. J. (1999) Paroxysmal cold haemoglobinuria caused by non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Br J Haematol, 105, pp. 278-279.
62. Kuroda, H., Matsunaga, T., Iyama, S., Takimoto, R., Shirao, S. and Kida, M. (2006) De novo CD5-positive diffuse large B-cell lymphoma associated with autoimmune hemolytic anemia presenting as erythroid hypoplasia. Rinsho Ketsueki, 47, pp. 633-638.
63. Roca-Tey, R., Borrellas, X., Cantarell, C., Capdevila, L. and Piera, L. (1997) Immunoblastic lymphoma of the colon in a renal transplant patient presenting with autoimmune haemolytic anaemia of the cold antibody type. Nephrol Dial Transplant, 12, pp. 2000-2001.
64. Sonoki, T., Matsuzaki, H., Asou, N., Hata, H., Matsuno, F. and Yoshida, M. (1996) Aggressive CD5-positive diffuse large B cell lymphoma showing c-myc rearrangements developed in a patient with autoimmune hemolytic anemia. Int J Hematol, 63, pp. 71-76.
65. Sandhaus, L. M., Raska Jr, K. and Wu, H. V. (1986) Diffuse large-cell lymphoma with monoclonal IgM kappa and cold agglutinin. Am J Clin Pathol, 86, pp. 120-123.
66. Takai, K., Sanada, M. and Shibuya, H. (1992) Anti-Pr2 cold agglutinin disease with polyneuropathy evolving to malignant lymphoma. Rinsho Ketsueki, 33, pp. 1231-1236.
67. Terpos, E., Theocharis, S., Panitsas, F., Philippidis, T., Kotronis, E. and Karkantaris, C. (2004) Autoimmune hemolytic anemia with myelodysplastic features followed by bilateral adrenal non-hodgkin lymphoma: A case report and review of the literature. Leuk Lymphoma, 45, pp. 2333-2338.
68. Zeidman, A., Fradin, Z., Barac, Y., Bendayan, D., Mittelman, M. and Orlin, J. (2000) Splenic lymphoma presenting as warm autoimmune hemolytic anemia associated with pure red cell aplasia. Vox Sang, 78, pp. 126-129.
69. Yoshimoto, T., Araki, Y., Kawano, K., Kamata, T., Okamoto, S. and Ogawa, T. (1990) Primary hepatic lymphoma in a patient with autoimmune hemolytic anemia and SLE. Rinsho Ketsueki, 31, pp. 1878-1883.
70. Toyota, S., Nakamura, N. and Dan, K. (2002) Coexistence of pure red cell aplasia and autoimmune hemolytic anemia occurring during remission of malignant lymphoma. Rinsho Ketsueki, 43, pp. 493-495.
71. Trape, G., Fianchi, L., Lai, M., Laurenti, L., Piscitelli, R. and Leone, G. (2003) Rituximab chimeric anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody treatment for refractory hemolytic anemia in patients with lymphoproliferative disorders. Haematologica, 88, pp. 223-225.
72. Alberti, E., Aldovini, D., Mazzon, C., Ri, P Dal and Rubertelli, M. (1982) Angioimmunoblastic Lymphadenopathy with Dysproteinemia. Report of a case with pure red cell aplasia. Haematologica, 67, pp. 919-925.
73. Hilali, M Al and Joyner, M. V. (1983) Pure red-cell aplasia secondary to angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy. J R Soc Med, 76, pp. 894-895.
74. Berenbaum, F., Mariette, X., Bisson, M. and Clerc, D. (1990) Severe hemolytic anemia in angio-immunoblastic lymphadenopathy. Value of intravenous immunoglobulins. Ann Med Interne (Paris), 141, pp. 197-198.
75. Ferrer, S., Pla, A., Monzo, E., Baeza, R., Escudero, J Martinez and Sancho-Tello, R. (1980) Angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy with dysproteinemia and autoimmune hemolytic anemia. Apropos of a case. Rev Clin Esp, 158, pp. 145-149.
76. Lynch, J. W., Elfenbein, G. J., Noyes, W. D., Braylan, R. C., Gross, M. A. and Weiner, R. S. (1994) Pure red cell aplasia associated with angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy with dysproteinemia. Am J Hematol, 46, pp. 72-78.
77. Mairano, D., Cargnino, M., Rosso, F., Marchi, L., Biarese, V. and Lovisetto, P. (1985) Autoimmune hemolytic onset of angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy with disproteinemia. Recenti Prog Med, 76, pp. 15-17.
78. Mannoji, M., Shimoda, M., Koresawa, S., Yamada, O., Togawa, A. and Yawata, Y. (1981) A case of angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy with dysproteinemia associated with autoimmune hemolytic anemia and pure red cell aplasia - with special references to its pathogenesis (author's transl). Rinsho Ketsueki, 22, pp. 1751-1758.
79. Mizobe, T., Tsukada, J., Higashi, T., Iwashige, A., Ota, T. and Kawano, I. (2005) Angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma accompanied by pure red cell aplasia. Rinsho Ketsueki, 46, pp. 211-216.
80. Schauer, P. K., Straus, D. J., Bagley Jr, C. M., Rudolph, R. H., McCracken, J. D. and Huff, J. (1981) Angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy: clinical spectrum of disease. Cancer, 48, pp. 2493-2498.
81. Suehiro, S., Shiratsuchi, M., Suehiro, Y., Oshima, K., Shiokawa, S. and Nishimura, J. (2002) Angioimmunoblastic T cell lymphoma (AITL) with autoimmune thrombocytopenia. Rinsho Ketsueki, 43, pp. 841-845.
82. Shirakawa, C., Enomoto, H., Tanaka, H., Yonekawa, S., Irimajiri, K. and Horiuchi, A. (1996) Immunoblastic lymphadenopathy-like T cell lymphoma associated with erythroid hypoplasia and thrombocytopenia. Rinsho Ketsueki, 37, pp. 701-706.
83. Vukelja, S. J., Krishnan, J., Link, C. M., Salvado, A. J. and Knight, R. D. (1989) Resolution of pure red cell aplasia and lymphoma: Response to intravenous gammaglobulin and combination chemotherapy. Am J Hematol, 32, pp. 129-133.
84. Higuchi, T., Mori, H., Niikura, H. and Omine, M. (1996) Hypocomplementemia and hematological abnormalities in immunoblastic lymphadenopathy and immunoblastic lymphadenopathy-like T cell lymphoma. Acta Haematol, 96, pp. 68-72.
85. Niitsu, N., Shikoshi, K., Umeda, M. and Shirai, T. (1994) Lennert's lymphoma associated with the syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone and autoimmune hemolytic anemia. Rinsho Ketsueki, 35, pp. 80-84.
86. Osawa, H., Otsuka, T., Inoue, T., Sumida, I., Hanada, M. and Okamura, T. (1993) Immunoblastic lymphadenopathy (IBL)-like T cell lymphoma associated with granulocytopenia and autoimmune hemolytic anemia. Rinsho Ketsueki, 34, pp. 165-170.
87. Takayanagi, N. and Sampi, K. (1998) Immunoblastic lymphadenopathy-like T cell lymphoma with high levels of serum interleukin-6, cold agglutinin disease, and immune thrombocytopenia. Rinsho Ketsueki, 39, pp. 1109-1114.
88. Tamura, M., Iki, S., Yagisawa, M., Mitani, K., Ohbayashi, Y. and Sato, H. (1992) Immunoblastic lymphadenopathy-like T cell lymphoma accompanied by autoimmune hemolytic anemia. Rinsho Ketsueki, 33, pp. 396-401.
89. Bachmeyer, C., Blum, L., Chesneau, A. M., Richecoeur, J., Testard, F. and Benchaa, B. (2003) Raynaud's phenomenon with necrosis of the extremities induced by cold agglutinin disease secondary to a T-cell lymphoma. Acta Derm Venereol, 83, pp. 374-375.
90. Sakai, C., Fujiwara, M., Takagi, T., Oguro, M. and Maruyama, K. (1989) Red cell hypoplasia following autoimmune hemolytic anemia associated with T-CLL: Report of a case and review of the literature. Rinsho Ketsueki, 30, pp. 850-857.
91. Evers, J., Albert, F., Bazar, L., Sulica, V. and Sacher, R. A. (1992) Autoimmune hemolytic anemia presenting in Sezary syndrome. Report of a case and review of the literature. Acta Haematol, 88, pp. 46-49.
92. Michallet, A. S., Lesca, G., Radford-Weiss, I., Delarue, R., Varet, B. and Buzyn, A. (2003) T-cell prolymphocytic leukemia with autoimmune manifestations in Nijmegen breakage syndrome. Ann Hematol, 82, pp. 515-517.
93. de Misa, R. F. and Megido, M. (1993) Autoimmune hemolytic anemia and cutaneous T cell lymphoma: Review of the literature. Acta Haematol, 89, p. 168.
94. Pouderoux, P., Gris, J. C., Pignodel, C., Joujoux, J. M., Schved, J. F. and Balmes, J. L. (1997) Primary sinusoidal lymphoma of the liver revealed by autoimmune hemolytic anemia. Gastroenterol Clin Biol, 21, pp. 514-518.
95. Lai, R., Larratt, L. M., Etches, W., Mortimer, S. T., Jewell, L. D. and Dabbagh, L. (2000) Hepatosplenic T-cell lymphoma of alphabeta lineage in a 16-year-old boy presenting with hemolytic anemia and thrombocytopenia. Am J Surg Pathol, 24, pp. 459-463.
96. Minauchi, K., Nishio, M., Itoh, T., Yamamoto, S., Fujimoto, K. and Sato, N. (2007) Hepatosplenic alpha/beta T cell lymphoma presenting with cold agglutinin disease. Ann Hematol, 86, pp. 155-157.
97. Loughran Jr, T. P. and Starkebaum, G. (1987) Large granular lymphocyte leukemia. Report of 38 cases and review of the literature. Medicine (Baltimore), 66, pp. 397-405.
98. Kawachi, Y., Ide, M., Uchida, T. and Setsu, K. (2003) Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura associated with mantle cell lymphoma showing an increase in the platelet count receiving anti-CD20 antibody rituximab. Rinsho Ketsueki, 44, pp. 31-33.
99. Serrano, J. (1992) Autoimmune hemolytic anemia. Review of 200 cases studied in a period of 20 years (1970-1989). Sangre (Barc), 37, pp. 265-274.
100. Borthakur, G., O'Brien, S., Wierda, W. G., Thomas, D. A., Cortes, J. E. and Kantarjian, H. (2006) Immune anemias in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia treated with Fludarabine, cyclophosphamide and rituximab. ASCO
101. Oshimi, K., Yamada, O., Kaneko, T., Nishinarita, S., Iizuka, Y. and Urabe, A. (1993) Laboratory findings and clinical courses of 33 patients with granular lymphocyte-proliferative disorders. Leukemia, 7, pp. 782-788.
102. Genty, I., Michel, M., Hermine, O., Schaeffer, A., Godeau, B. and Rochant, H. (2002) Characteristics of autoimmune hemolytic anemia in adults: Retrospective analysis of 83 cases. Rev Med Interne, 23, pp. 901-909.
103. Jardin, F., Levesque, H. and Tilly, H. (2005) Auto-immune manifestations in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Rev Med Interne, 26, pp. 557-571.
104. Jonsson, V., Kierkegaard, A., Salling, S., Molander, S., Andersen, L. P. and Christiansen, M. (1999) Autoimmunity in Waldenstrom's macroglobulinaemia. Leuk Lymphoma, 34, pp. 373-379.
105. Smedby, K. E., Hjalgrim, H., Askling, J., Chang, E. T., Gregersen, H. and Porwit-MacDonald, A. (2006) Autoimmune and chronic inflammatory disorders and risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma by subtype. J Natl Cancer Inst, 98, pp. 51-60.
106. Nobuoka, A., Sakamaki, S., Kogawa, K., Fujikawa, K., Takahashi, M. and Hirayama, Y. (1999) A case of malignant lymphoma producing autoantibody against platelet glycoprotein Ib. Int J Hematol, 70, pp. 200-206.
107. Baudard, M., Pagnoux, C., Audouin, J., Buy, J. N., Bethoux, J. P. and Delmer, A. (1997) Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura as the presenting feature of a primary bilateral adrenal non Hodgkin's lymphoma. Leuk Lymphoma, 26, pp. 609-613.
108. Aghai, E., Quitt, M., Lurie, M., Antal, S., Cohen, L. and Bitterman, H. (1987) Primary hepatic lymphoma presenting as symptomatic immune thrombocytopenic purpura. Cancer, 60, pp. 2308-2311.
109. Kawashima, T., Nishimura, H., Akiyama, H., Hirai, K., Yamagishi, S. and Okada, D. (2005) Primary pulmonary mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma combined with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura and amyloidoma in the lung. J Nippon Med Sch, 72, pp. 370-374.
110. Noda, M., Mori, N., Nomura, K., Kojima, K., Mitsufuji, S. and Yamane, I. (2004) Regression of idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura after endoscopic mucosal resection of gastric mucosa associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma. Gut, 53, pp. 1698-1700.
111. Catovsky, D., Richards, S. and Hillman, P. (2005) Early results from LRF CLL4. A UK multicenter randomized trial. Blood, 106, p. 212a.
112. Leporrier, M., Chevret, S., Cazin, B., Boudjerra, N., Feugier, P. and Desablens, B. (2001) French Cooperative Group on Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia. Randomized comparison of fludarabine, CAP, and ChOP in 938 previously untreated stage B and C chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients. Blood, 98, pp. 2319-2325.
113. Johnson, S., Smith, A. G., Loffler, H., Osby, E., Juliusson, G. and Emmerich, B. (1996) Multicentre prospective randomised trial of fludarabine versus cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, and prednisone (CAP) for treatment of advanced-stage chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. The French Cooperative Group on CLL. Lancet, 347, pp. 1432-1438.
114. Robak, T., Blonski, J. Z., Gora-Tybor, J., Jamroziak, K., Dwilewicz-Trojaczek, J. and Tomaszewska, A. (2006) Polish Leukemia Group (PALG CLL2). Cladribine alone and in combination with cyclophosphamide or cyclophosphamide plus mitoxantrone in the treatment of progressive chronic lymphocytic leukemia: Report of a prospective, multicenter, randomized trial of the Polish Adult Leukemia Group (PALG CLL2). Blood, 108, pp. 473-479.
115. Tobinai, K., Watanabe, T., Ogura, M., Morishima, Y., Ogawa, Y. and Ishizawa, K. (2006) Phase II study of oral fludarabine phosphate in relapsed indolent B-Cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. J Clin Oncol, 24, pp. 174-180.
116. Tsatalas, C., Margaritis, D., Kaloutsi, V., Martinis, G., Kotsianidis, I. and Bourikas, G. (2001) Successful treatment of angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy with dysproteinemia-type T-cell lymphoma with fludarabine. Acta Haematol, 105, pp. 106-108.
117. Morris, G. J., Millenson, M. M., Padavic-Shaller, K., Wang, H., Rogatko, A. and Clyde, J. (2004) Phase II study of fludarabine and alpha-interferon in patients with low-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Haematologica, 89, pp. 1484-1491.
118. Zinzani, P. L., Magagnoli, M., Moretti, L., De Renzo, A., Battista, R. and Zaccaria, A. (2000) Randomized trial of fludarabine versus fludarabine and idarubicin as frontline treatment in patients with indolent or mantle-cell lymphoma. J Clin Oncol, 18, pp. 773-779.
119. Lenz, G., Hiddemann, W. and Dreyling, M. (2004) The role of fludarabine in the treatment of follicular and mantle cell lymphoma. Cancer, 101, pp. 883-893.
120. Foran, J. M., Rohatiner, A. Z., Coiffier, B., Barbui, T., Johnson, S. A. and Hiddemann, W. (1999) Multicenter phase II study of fludarabine phosphate for patients with newly diagnosed lymphoplasmacytoid lymphoma, Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia, and mantle-cell lymphoma. J Clin Oncol, 17, pp. 546-553.
121. Flinn, I. W., Byrd, J. C., Morrison, C., Jamison, J., Diehl, L. F. and Murphy, T. (2000) Fludarabine and cyclophosphamide with filgrastim support in patients with previously untreated indolent lymphoid malignancies. Blood, 96, pp. 71-75.
122. Hochster, H. S., Oken, M. M., Winter, J. N., Gordon, L. I., Raphael, B. G. and Bennett, J. M. (2000) Phase I study of fludarabine plus cyclophosphamide in patients with previously untreated low-grade lymphoma: Results and and long-term follow-up - a report from the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group. J Clin Oncol, 18, pp. 987-994.
123. Solal-Celigny, P., Brice, P., Brousse, N., Caspard, H., Bastion, Y. and Haioun, C. (1996) Phase II trial of fludarabine monophosphate as first-line treatment in patients with advanced follicular lymphoma: A multicenter study by the Groupe d'Etude des Lymphomes de l'Adulte. J Clin Oncol, 14, pp. 514-519.
124. McLaughlin, P., Hagemeister, F. B., Romaguera, J. E., Sarris, A. H., Pate, O. and Younes, A. (1996) Fludarabine, mitoxantrone, and dexamethasone: An effective new regimen for indolent lymphoma. J Clin Oncol, 14, pp. 1262-1268.
125. Betticher, D. C., von Rohr, A., Ratschiller, D., Schmitz, S. F., Egger, T. and Sonderegger, T. (1998) Fewer infections, but maintained antitumor activity with lower-dose versus standard-dose cladribine in pretreated low-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. J Clin Oncol, 16, pp. 850-858.
126. Kay, A. C., Saven, A., Carrera, C. J., Carson, D. A., Thurston, D. and Beutler, E. (1992) 2-Chlorodeoxyadenosine treatment of low-grade lymphomas. J Clin Oncol, 10, pp. 371-377.
127. Aslan, D. L., Peterson, B. A., Long-Tsai, M. and Eastlund, T. (2006) Early-onset autoimmune hemolytic anemia after cladribine therapy for Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia. Transfusion, 46, pp. 90-94.
128. Tetreault, S. A. and Saven, A. (2000) Delayed onset of autoimmune hemolytic anemia complicating cladribine therapy for Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia. Leuk Lymphoma, 37, pp. 125-130.
129. Jourdan, E., Topart, D., Richard, B., Jourdan, J. and Sotto, A. (2003) Severe autoimmune haemolytic anaemia following rituximab therapy in a patient with lymphoproliferative disorder. Leuk Lymphoma, 44, pp. 889-890.
130. Bauduer, F. (2001) Rituximab: A very efficient therapy in cold agglutinins and refractory autoimmune haemolytic anaemia associated with CD20-pos, low-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Br J Haematol, 112, p. 1085.
131. Stevenson, F. K., Spellerberg, M. B., Chapman, C. J. and Hamblin, T. J. (1995) Differential usage of an autoantibody-associated VH-gene, VH4-21, by human B-cell tumors. Leuk Lymphoma, 16, pp. 379-384.