'Nicely feminine, yet learned': Student rooms at Royal Holloway and the Oxford and Cambridge Colleges in late nineteenth-century Britain

Women's History Review

Volumn 15, Issue 1, 2006, Pages 137-161

  Hamlett, Jane ^a,b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MANCHESTER   (United Kingdom)

^b NONE   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 34347315233     PISSN: 09612025     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/09612020500440952     Document Type: Article

References (56)

1. M. Pick, Social Life at R.H.C., 1887-1939, p. 29. Archives, Royal Holloway, University of London (RHUL Archives), RHC/RF/131/7
2. S. Delamont (1978) 'The Domestic Ideology and Women's Education', in Sara Delamont (Ed.) The Nineteenth-Century Woman: her cultural and physical world (London: Croom Helm), p. 146
3. C. Dyhouse (1995) No Distinction of Sex? Women in British Universities, 1870-1939 (London: UCL Press), p. 113
4. M. C. Curthoys & J. Howarth (2000) 'Origins and Destinations: the social mobility of Oxford men and women', in M. G. Brock & M. C. Curthoys (Eds) The History of the University of Oxford. Vol. VII: Nineteenth-Century Oxford, part2 (Oxford: Clarendon Press), pp. 581-2, 591
5. C. Bingham (1987) The History of Royal Holloway College 1886-1986 (London: Constable), p. 78
6. R. Samuel (1994) Theatres of Memory. Vol. 1: Past and Present Contemporary Culture (London: Verso), pp. 329-330. I have also found R. Barthes (1982) Camera Lucida: reflections on photography (London: Jonathan Cape) and J. Tagg (1988) The Burden of Representation: essays on photographies and histories (Basingstoke: Macmillan) useful in suggesting how photographs might be interpreted
7. Pick, SocialLifeatR.H.C., p. 45
8. Miss Beale to Mrs Burrows, 4 January 1894, in M. Clewlow (Ed.). (1995) Ammonites and Moabites: the letters of Dorothea Beale and Esther Burrows 1892-1905 (Unpublished edition for MA in Archiving, University College London), p. 43
9. M. G. Brock (2000) 'A Plastic Structure', in The History of the University of Oxford, vol. VII, part 2, p. 21
10. See A. C. Deane (1945) Time Remembered (London: Faber & Faber), p. 48
11. A. Birrell (1937) Things Past Redress (London: Faber & Faber), p. 63
12. R. R. Marett (1941) A Jerseyman at Oxford (Oxford: Oxford University Press), p. 60
13. E. B. Hamilton, Reminiscences, St Hilda's College Archive (HCA), REMINISCENCES: Hamilton, E.B., p. 3
14. H. M. Swanwick (1935) I Have Been Young (London: Gollancz), p. 121
15. E. E. R. Mumford (1952) Through Rose-Coloured Spectacles: the story of a life (Leicester: Edgar Backus), p. 41
16. Janet Howarth suggests that in Oxford the proximity of the women's and men's colleges tended to place the women under special constraint. Janet Howarth (2000) 'In Oxford ... but Not of Oxford': the women's colleges, in The History of the University of Oxford, vol. VII, part 2, p. 274
17. L. Dowling (1994) Hellenism and Homosexuality in Victorian Oxford (Ithaca and London; Cornell University Press), p. 117
18. E. E. Constance Jones (1922) As 1 Remember: an autobiographical ramble (London: A. & C. Black), p. 69; Swanwick, I have been Young, p. 118
19. The nineteenth century saw a massive expansion in the public school system. J. A. Mangan (1981) Athleticism in the Victorian and Edwardian Public School: the emergence and consolidation of an educational ideology (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press), p. 2
20. R. G. Collingwood (1939) An Autobiography (Oxford: Oxford University Press), p. 12
21. W. A. Darlington (1947) I Do What I Like (London: Macdonald & Co.), p. 105
22. J. Senders Pedersen (1987) The Reform of Girls' Secondary and Higher Education in Victorian England: a study in elites and educational change (London: Garland), pp. 290-229
23. The Tennis Club Minute and Record Book 1889-1897, RHA, RHC AS/212/1
24. Before Selwyn gained its Royal Charter in 1882 there was some opposition to its establishment. W. R. Brock & P. M. Cooper (1994) Selwyn College: a history, (Durham, Pentland Press), pp. 53-59
25. C. H. Reilly (1938) Scaffolding in the Sky: a semi-architectural autobiography (London: Routledge), p. 29
26. A. Lunn (1940) Come What May: an autobiography (London: Eyre & Spottiswood),p. 57
27. P. Adams (1996) Somerville for Women: an Oxford college 1879-1993 (Oxford: Oxford University Press), p. 47
28. Bingham, The History of Royal Holloway, pp. 79-80
29. Grace James (1934-1935) Mrs Burrows (a memory), Collegium St Hildae Oxon Chronicle of the Association of Senior Members, 29, p. 7
30. Also see Howarth, 'In Oxford ...', p. 274
31. M. Bosley (1997) Sexuality, Society and Style: an analysis of the diaries of Winifred Mary Seville (MA dissertation, Royal Holloway, University of London), p. 53
32. C. Bede [Edward Bradley] (1853) The Adventures of Mr Verdant Green, an Oxford Freshman, Part. 1 (London: Nathaniel Cooke), p. 66
33. Photograph of a picnicking group in Charles Crisp Album, 1897-1900, University College Archives, UC: P53/P/1. Also see photograph of G. Houseworthy's room in Gilbert Album, 1859-63, MCA, PH/A/10
34. R. W. Connell (1995) Masculinities (Cambridge: Polity), p. 76
35. Marett, Jerseyman, p. 75
36. S. P. B. Mais (1937) All the Days of My Life (London: Hutchinson), p. 33
37. S. Ledger (1995) 'The New Woman and the Crisis of Victorianisrn', in S. Ledger & S. McCracken (Eds) Cultural Politics at the Fin de Siècle (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press), p. 26
38. 'A Woman's Walks, No. XCVI, The Training of Rosebuds', The World, 8 July 1891, p. 26
39. J. Kinchin (1996) 'Interiors: nineteenth-century essays on the 'masculine' and the 'feminine' room', in Pat Kirkharn (Ed.) The Gendered Object (Manchester: Manchester University Press), p. 13
40. C. Gere (1989) Nineteenth-Century Decoration: the art of the interior (London: Weidenfeld & Nicholson), p. 52
41. Miss Beale to Mrs Burrows, 18 October 1893, in Clewlow, Ammonites and Moabites, p. 18
42. GCA, Mistresses' Office 2/11; NCA, Photograph of a lecturer's sitting room SI; NCA, Photograph of Helen Gladstone's Room SH
43. J. M. Mackenzie (1987) 'The Imperial Pioneer and Hunter and the British Masculine Stereotype in Late Victorian and Edwardian Times', in J. A. Mangan & James Walvin (Eds) Manliness and Morality: middle-class masculinity in Britain and America 1800-1940 (Manchester: Manchester University Press), p. 180
44. E. E. C. Jones (1882) Life at Girton College, p. 2, GCA
45. Brian Lunn (1948) Switchback (London: Eyre & Spottiswood), p. 69
46. Literary representations of the aesthetic movement have been the subject of a number of studies. See T. Schaffer (2000) The Forgotten Female Aesthetes: literary culture in late Victorian England (Charlottesville and London: University Press of Virginia) and K. A. Psomiades & T. Schaffer (Eds) (1999) Women and British Aestheticism (Charlottesville and London: University Press of Virginia). Lesley Hoskins has discussed the material culture of the aesdietic movement at a popular level and Anne Andersen has discussed women's role in its production, but there has been little discussion of the interpretation of the meaning of 'artistic' goods in everyday life. See C. Gere & L. Hoskins (2000) The House Beautiful: Oscar Wilde and the aesthetic interior (London: Lund Humphries in association with the Geffrye Museum), pp. 109-136
47. and A. Andersen (2001) The High Art Maiden: Edward Burne Jones and the girls on the golden stairs: women and British aestheticism c, 1860-1900 (Unpublished PhD thesis, University of Exeter)
48. Jones, Life at Girton College, p. 2; Unidentified photograph of student room, SCA; Photograph of a student room c. 1900, NCA, 3.4; Photograph of a student room, NCA, 3.26
49. R. Spencer (1972) The Aesthetic Movement: theory and practice (London: Studio Visla/Dulton Pictureback), p. 98
50. L. T. Meade (1902 reprint) A Sweet Girl Graduate (London: Cassell; first published 1891), p. 32
51. T. Yokoyama (1987 reprint) Japan in the Victorian Mind: a study of stereotyped images of a nation, 1850-80 (Basingstoke: Macmillan; first published 1982: Oxford; Oxford University Press), p. xix
52. O. Berkeley Hill (1939) All Too Human: an unconventional autobiography (London: Peter Davies), p. 23
53. Gere and Hoskins, The House Beautiful, p. 15
54. Dowling, Hellenism, p. 104
55. Bede, The Adventures of Mr Verdant Green, Part 2, p. 66
56. Sir Gervaise Rentoul (1944 reprint) This is My Case: an autobiography (London: Hutchinson; first published 1930), p. 33