The Geraldine ambitions of the first earl of cork

Irish Historical Studies

Volumn 33, Issue 130, 2002, Pages 151-168

  Little, Patrick ^a  

^a History of Parliament   (United Kingdom)

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EID: 34347294563     PISSN: 00211214     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1017/S0021121400015662     Document Type: Article

References (86)

1. The standard works on Cork are Terence Ranger, 'The career of Richard Boyle, first earl of Cork, in Ireland, 1588-1643' (unpublished D.Phil, thesis, University of Oxford, 1959),
2. Nicholas Canny, The upstart earl: a study of the social and mental world of Richard Boyle, first earl of Cork, 1566-1643 (Cambridge, 1982).
3. See also Patrick Little,'The earl of Cork and the fall of the earl of Strafford, 1638-41' in Hist. Jn., xxxix (1996), pp 619-35;
4. John Reeve, 'Secret alliance and Protestant agitation in two kingdoms: the early Caroline background to the Irish rebellion of 1641' in Ian Gentles, John Morrill and Blair Worden (eds), Soldiers, writers and statesmen of the English Re olution (Cambridge, 1998), pp 19-35.
5. Fitzgerald pedigree, c. 1632 (Dorset Record Office, D/SHC/KG 1474). The date can be determined by the mention of the marriage of Mabel Digby to Gerald Fitzgerald, which took place in 1631.
6. Lismore papers, ed. A. B. Grosart (2 series, 10 vols, London, 1886-8), 1st ser., iv, 15
7. Cork's diary, 4 Mar. 1634
8. For Russell see Samuel Hayman and James Graves (eds), Unpublished Geraldine documents (4 pts, Dublin, 1870-81), i. 3, 7-38;
9. William O'Sullivan, 'A finding list of Sir James Ware's manuscripts' in R.I.A. Proc, xcvii (1997), sect. C, p. 97. I owe this last reference to Jason Dorsett.
10. Canny, Upstart earl, pp 126-8, 195n.
11. Nicholas Canny, Kingdom and colony: Ireland in the Atlantic world, 1560-1800 (Baltimore, Md., 1988), pp 45, 55, 66-7.
12. Canny's conclusions are supported by Brian Mac Cuarta, 'A planter's interaction with Gaelic culture: Sir Matthew De Renzy (1577-1634)' in Ir. Econ. & Soc. Hist., xx (1993), pp 1-17.
13. Little, 'Cork & Strafford';
14. idem, 'Family and faction: the Irish nobility and the English court, 1632-42' (unpublished M.Litt. thesis, Trinity College Dublin, 1992), chs 1, 5.
15. Carew to Sir Robert Cecil, 27 June 1600 (P.R.O., SP 63/207/3, f. 321v).
16. The pretender was put into the care of the young Richard Boyle: see Dorothea Townshend, Life and letters of the Great Earl of Cork (London, 1904), pp 21-3.
17. Cal. S.P. Ire., 1615-25, p. 313. The 'Súgán Earl's' claim was upheld after his death in 1607 by his brother and then by his nephew, and after the latter's death in 1632 the earldom continued to be claimed by a cadet branch of the Fitzgeralds as late as the eighteenth century.
18. Preston claimed the title through his wife, whose great-grandfather was the eleventh earl of Desmond: see Hayman & Graves (eds), Unpublished Geraldine documents, i, 102. In 1626 Preston was granted all the Fitzgerald lands in Kilkenny and Tipperary (Cal. S.P. Ire., 1625-32, pp 325-6, 686).
19. Townshend, Life & letters, pp 475-6, 478-9, 481-2, 488, details the extent of Cork's investment by the time he drew up his will in 1642.
20. Lismore papers, 1st sen, ii, 238; iii, 208;
21. Townshend, Life & letters, p. 475.
22. Cork rentals, 25 Mar. 1640 (N.L.I., MS 6245, p. 166).
23. New hist. Ire., ix, 166.
24. Cal. S.P. Ire., 1611-14, p. 331;
25. Michael MacCarthy-Morrogh, The Munster plantation: English migration to southern Ireland, 1583-1641 (Oxford, 1986), pp 168-9.
26. 'Descents of the Fitzgeralds', early 17th century? (B.L., Add. MS 4814, f. 41r).
27. 'Wardships, liveries, etc.' (N.A.I., Lodge MSS, l.A.53.55, f.28r).
28. Lismore papers, 1st ser, ii, 75-6, 90, 105.
29. Cork to Lady Villiers, 17 Oct. 1631 (Chatsworth House, Cork Letter-book I (MS 78), p. 350);
30. Lismore papers, 1st ser., iii, 110, 162, 165-6.
31. Cork to Lady Villiers, 17 Oct. 1631 (Chatsworth, Cork Letter-book I (MS 78), pp 350-51).
32. C. W. Fitzgerald (ed.), Descents of the earls of Kildare and their wi es (Dublin, 1869), pp 13-30.
33. Cal. pat. rolls Ire., Jas I, p. 474;
34. Lands of the earl of Kildare, 1618 (B.L., Add. MS 19937, esp. ff 2r, 5v).
35. order for arbitration, 15 Feb. 1614 (Dorset R.O., D/SHC, Box 3C/81);
36. Cal. S.P. Ire., 1633-47, p. 9.
37. Cal. pat. rolls Ire., Jas I, pp 471-3, 495.
38. Cork to Kildare, 15 May 1630 (P.R.O.N.I., Leinster papers, D/3078/3/1/5, p. 8).
39. Richard Talbot to countess of March, 28 Feb. 1624 (Chatsworth, Cork Letter-book I (MS 78), p. 14).
40. Lismore papers, 1st sen, ii, 199 (13 Oct. 1626).
41. Lismore papers, 1st ser., ii, 113, 203;
42. see also Cork's accounts, 1626-32, entry for 27 Dec. 1626 (N.L.I., MS 6897).
43. Indenture, 20 Dec. 1632 (Dorset R.O., D/SHC, Box 3C/79, unfol.);
44. Lismore papers, 1st ser., iii, 184 (13 Mar. 1633).
45. Lady Offaly to Cork, 18 Apr. 1639 (Chatworth, Lismore MS 20, no. 9);
46. Cork to Lady Offaly, 1 Mar. 1640 (Sherborne, Digby MSS, FAM/C1);
47. Chatsworth, Lismore MS 24, nos 104-6, c. 1640?
48. See also Cork's description of Kildare Digby and his sister Lettice as 'two angels' in May 1637 (Lismore papers, 1st ser., v, 5).
49. See Cork to Bristol, 6 Dec. 1633 (Chatsworth, Cork Letter-book I (MS 78), pp 714-15).
50. Kildare to Sir Robert Cecil, 14 Sept. 1601 (P.R.O., SP 63/209/1, f. 204r).
51. Henry Lucas to Lord Dorchester, 17 Aug. 1629 (P.R.O., SP 16/148, f. 125rv).
52. Lismore papers, 1st ser., ii, 335 (25 July 1629).
53. Lords justices and council to Lord Dorchester, 30 Mar. 1630 (P.R.O., SP 63/250, f. 157r);
54. for another copy in Cork's own letter-book see P.R.O.N.I., Leinster papers, D/3078/1/1/1, pp 442-3).
55. Sir William Talbot to Kildare, 28 May 1629 (P.R.O.N.I., Leinster papers, D/3078/3/l/5, p.29).
56. Order, 13 July 1629 (B.L., Eg. MS 2553 (Nicholas papers), f. 71r).
57. Indentures, 14, 15 Oct. 1629 (P.R.O.N.I., Leinster papers, D/3078/1/3/2-3);
58. Cal. S. P. Ire., 1625-32, p. 490.
59. Cal. S.P. dom., 1629-30, p. 38 (14 Aug. 1629).
60. Lismore papers, 1st ser., iii, 8, 18-19, 37, 41.
61. The transcript survives in the Leinster papers at the P.R.O.N.I.: see H.M.C. rep. 9, ii, app. (1884), pp 264-5:
62. Gearóid Mac Niocaill (ed.), The Red Book of the earls of Kildare (Dublin, 1964), pp v-vi.
63. Lismore papers, 1st ser., iv, 6.
64. Robert Randolphe to Kildare, 3 Apr. 1632 (P.R.O.N.I., Leinster papers, D/3078/3/l/5, p.43).
65. Funeral certificate, 12 Aug. 1633 (B.L., Add. MS 4820, f, 126r).
66. Lady Offaly to Kildare, 27 Sept. [1631] (P.R.O.N.I., Leinster papers, D/3078/3/l/5, p.21).
67. Lismore papers, 1st sen, iii, 82, 179.
68. Thomas Fitzpatrick, Waterford during the Ci il Wars (1641-53) (Waterford, 1912), p. 129.
69. James Plunkett to Kildare, 9 Feb. 1633 (P.R.O.N.I, Leinster papers, D/3078/3/1/5, p. 100).
70. William Talbot to Kildare, 14 Mar. 1633 (P.R.O.N.I., Leinster papers, D/3078/3/1/5, p. 97).
71. Cal S.P. Ire., 1633-47, p. 9.
72. Lady Offaly to countess of Carlisle, 10 Aug. 1633 (T.C.D., MS 10949/6). I am grateful to Dr Toby Barnard for drawing my attention to this document.
73. A document dated 19 Sept. 1633 (Lismore papers, 1st sen, iii, 210) may refer to the same settlement.
74. see also Charles I to Wentworth, c. 1639 (Dorset R.O., D/SHC, Box 3D/118).
75. Countess of Kildare to Cork, 3 Mar. 1639 (Chatsworth, Lismore MS 19, no. 120);
76. Mortgage, 13 Apr. 1641 (P.R.O, C 54/3857/12);
77. Lismore papers, 1st ser, v, 127.
78. Countess of Kildare to Cork, 8 Feb. 1642 (Chatsworth, Lismore MS 22, no. 146).
79. Fitzpatrick, Waterford, p. 134.
80. Cork to Speaker Lenthall, 25 Aug. 1642 (Chatsworth, Lismore MS 23, no. 119).
81. See second earl of Cork's diary, entries for 30 Mar., 2, 5 May 1657, 10 Feb. 1658, 2 Mar. 1660 (Chatsworth, Lismore MS 29, unfol.);
82. lease, 20 Dec. 1657 (P.R.O.N.I., Leinster papers, D/3078/1/4/14);
83. The sixteenth earl died in December 1656: see inventory, 11 Dec. 1656 (N.L.I., MS 18996(i)).
84. MacCarthy-Morrogh, Minister plantation, pp 165, 168, 245.
85. Thomas Bettesworth to Sir Philip Percivalle, 28 Oct. 1643 (H.M.C., Egmont, i, 191).
86. The reference was probably religious rather than horticultural in origin, as the metaphor of grafting would immediately suggest parallels with Romans 11:16-24 ('if the root be holy, so are the branches').