Influence of mast production on black bear non-hunting mortalities in West Virginia

Ursus

Volumn 18, Issue 1, 2007, Pages 46-53

  Ryan, Christopher W ^a   Pack, James C ^a   Igo, William K ^a   Billings, Anthony ^b  

^a West Virginia Division of Natural Resources   (United States)

^b WEST VIRGINIA UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Black bear; Hard mast; Hickory; Mast; Mast production; Non hunting mortalities; Oak; Soft mast; Ursus americanus; West Virginia

Indexed keywords

CARYA; CARYA ILLINOINENSIS; PRUNUS; PRUNUS SEROTINA; QUERCUS; URSUS AMERICANUS;

EID: 34347267299     PISSN: 15376176     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2192/1537-6176(2007)18[46:IOMPOB]2.0.CO;2     Document Type: Article

References (33)

1. AKAIKE, H. 1973. Information theory as an extension of the maximum likelihood principle. Pages 267-281 in B.N. Petrov and F. Csaki, editors. Second International Symposium on Information Theory. Akademiai Kiado, Budapest, Hungary.
2. BEEMAN, L.E., AND M.R. PELTON. 1980. Seasonal foods and feeding ecology of black bears in the Smoky Mountains. International Conference on Bear Research and Management 4:141-147.
3. BURNHAM, K.P., AND D.R. ANDERSON. 2002. Model selection and multimodel inference: a practical information-theoretic approach. Springer-Verlag, New York, New York, USA.
4. CLARK, J.D., W.R. GUTHRIE, AND W.B. OWEN. 1987. Fall foods of black bears in Arkansas. Proceedings of the Annual Conference of Southeastern Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies 41:432-437.
5. COSTELLO, C.M., AND R.W. SAGE. 1994. Predicting black bear habitat selection from food abundance under 3 forest management systems. International Conference on Bear Research and Management 9(1):375-387.
6. COTTAM, C., A.L. NELSON, AND T.E. CLARKE. 1939. Notes on early winter food habits of the black bear in George Washington National Forest. Journal of Mammalogy 20:310-314.
7. EAGLE, T.C., AND M.R. PELTON. 1983. Seasonal nutrition of black bears in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park. International Conference on Bear Research and Management 5:94-101.
8. FEARER, T., J. PACK, G. NORMAN, S. BITTNER, AND W. HEALY. 2002. Modeling oak mast production in Maryland, Virginia, and West Virginia. Final Report for the Northeast Wild Turkey Committee.
9. GARNER, N.P. 1986. Seasonal movements, habitat selection, and food habitats of black bears (Ursus americanus) in Shenandoah National Park, Virginia. Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA.
10. GARSHELIS, D.L., AND M.R. PELTON. 1981. Movements of black bears in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park. Journal of Wildlife Management 45:912-925.
11. GRABER, D.M., AND M. WHITE. 1983. Black bear food habits in Yosemite National Park. International Conference on Bear Research and Management 5:1-10.
12. GRENFELL, W.E., AND A.J. BRODY. 1986. Black bear habitat use in Tahoe National Forest, California. International Conference on Bear Research and Management 6:65-72.
13. HEALY, W.M., K.W. GOTTSCHALK, R.P. LONG, AND P.M. WANGO. 1997. Changes in eastern forests: chestnut is gone, are the oaks far behind? Transactions of the North American Wildlife and Natural Resources Conference 62:250-263.
14. HUNTLEY, J.C. 1989. Importance of mast species other than oaks. Pages 74-80 in C.E. McGee, editor. Proceedings of the workshop: Southern Appalachian Mast Management. University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA.
15. KASBOHM, J.W. 1994. Response of black bears to gypsy moth infestation in Shenandoah National Park, Virginia. Dissertation, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA.
16. _, M.R. VAUGHAN, AND J.G. KRAUS. 1998. Black bear home range dynamics and movement patterns during a gypsy moth infestation. Ursus 10:259-268.
17. MCCARTHY, T.M., AND R.J. SEAVOY. 1994. Reducing nonsport losses attributable to food conditioning: human and bear behavior modification in an urban environment. International Conference on Bear Research and Management 9(1):75-84.
18. MCDONALD, J.E., JR., D.P. FULLER, T.K. FULLER, AND J.E. CARDOZA. 1994. The influence of food abundance on success of Massachusetts black bear hunters. Northeast Wildlife 51:55-60.
19. NOYCE, K.V., AND D.L. GARSHELIS. 1997. Influence of natural food abundance on black bear harvests inMinnesota. Journal of Wildlife Management 61: 1067-1074.
20. PACK, J.C., G.W. NORMAN, C.I. TAYLOR, D.E. STEFFEN, D.A. SWANSON, K.H. POLLOCK, AND R. ALPIZAR-JARA. 1999. Effects of fall hunting on wild turkey populations in Virginia and West Virginia. Journal of Wildlife Management 63:964-975.
21. _. 2000. 2000 Mast survey and West Virginia hunting outlook. West Virginia Division of Natural Resources, Wildlife Resources Bulletin 00-6:25, Charleston, West Virginia, USA.
22. PELTON, M.R. 1989. The impacts of oak mast on black bears in the southern Appalachians. Pages 7-11 in C.E. McGee, editor. Proceedings of the Workshop: Southern Appalachian Mast Management. University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA.
23. RIEFFENBERGER, J.C., J.C. PACK, W.K. IGO, AND C.W. RYAN. 2000. Influence of mast production on black bear harvests in West Virginia. Proceedings of the Annual Northeast Fish and Wildlife Conference 56: 12-13.
24. ROGERS, L.L. 1976. Effects of mast and berry crop failures on survival, growth, and reproductive success of black bears. Transactions of the North American Wildlife Conference 41:431-438.
25. RYAN, C.W., J.C. PACK, W.K. IGO, J.C. RIEFFENBERGER, AND A.B. BILLINGS. 2004. Influence of mast production on big game harvests in West Virginia. Wildlife Society Bulletin 32:786-794.
26. _, C.D. TEETS, R.L. TUCKER, K.D. KRANTZ, AND S.A. WARNER. 2006. 2005 West Virginia Bowhunter Survey.Wildlife Resources Bulletin 06-03:57, West Virginia Division of Natural Resources, Charleston, West Virginia, USA.
27. SAS INSTITUTE. 1987. SAS/STAT users guide. Release 6.03. SAS institute, Cary, North Carolina, USA.
28. SCHOOLEY, R.L., C.R. MCLAUGHLIN, G.J. MATULA, JR., AND W.B. KROHN. 1994. Denning chronology of female black bears: effects of food, weather, and reproduction. Journal of Mammalogy 75:466-477.
29. SCHRAGE, M.W., AND M.R. VAUGHAN. 1998. Population responses of black bears following oak mortality induced by gypsy moths. Ursus 10:49-54.
30. STRAUSBAUGH, P.D., AND E.L. CORE. 1978. Flora of West Virginia. Seneca Books, Grantsville, West Virginia, USA.
31. UHLIG, H.G., AND H.L. WILSON. 1952. A method of evaluating an annual mast index. Journal of Wildlife Management 16:338-343.
32. VAUGHAN, M.R. 2002. Oak trees, acorns, and bears. Pages 224-240 in W.J. McShea and W.M. Healy, editors. Oak forest ecosystems: ecology and management for wildlife. The Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
33. WEST VIRGINIA DIVISION OF NATURAL RESOURCES. 2006. West Virginia Natural Resources Laws. Matthew Bender & Company, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA.