Hierarchical Coding of Letter Strings in the Ventral Stream: Dissecting the Inner Organization of the Visual Word-Form System

Neuron

Volumn 55, Issue 1, 2007, Pages 143-156

  Vinckier, Fabien ^a,d,e   Dehaene, Stanislas ^a,b,e,f   Jobert, Antoinette ^a,e   Dubus, Jean Philippe ^d   Sigman, Mariano ^a,e,f   Cohen, Laurent ^a,c,d,e  

^a INSERM U562 ^*  (France)

^b l'alimentation et l'Environnement   (France)

^c PITIÉ SALPÊTRIÈRE HOSPITAL   (France)

^d SORBONNE UNIVERSITÉ   (France)

^e CEA/DSV   (France)

^f UNIVERSITÉ PARIS SACLAY   (France)

Author keywords

SYSNEURO

Indexed keywords

ADULT; ARTICLE; FEMALE; FUNCTIONAL MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; HUMAN; HUMAN EXPERIMENT; INSULA; LANGUAGE ABILITY; LEFT HEMISPHERE; MALE; NORMAL HUMAN; OCCIPITAL CORTEX; PRIORITY JOURNAL; TEMPORAL CORTEX; VISUAL CORTEX; WORD RECOGNITION;

ADULT; CEREBRAL CORTEX; FEMALE; FRONTAL LOBE; FUNCTIONAL LATERALITY; HUMANS; IMAGE PROCESSING, COMPUTER-ASSISTED; MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; MALE; NERVE NET; OCCIPITAL LOBE; PHOTIC STIMULATION; READING; RECOGNITION (PSYCHOLOGY); TEMPORAL LOBE;

EID: 34347236538     PISSN: 08966273     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2007.05.031     Document Type: Article

References (50)

1. Aghababian V., and Nazir T.A. Developing normal reading skills: aspects of the visual processes underlying word recognition. J. Exp. Child Psychol. 76 (2000) 123-150
2. Ben-Shachar M., Dougherty R.F., Deutsch G.K., and Wandell B.A. Differential sensitivity to words and shapes in ventral occipitotemporal cortex. Cereb. Cortex 17 (2007) 1604-1611 10.1093/cercor/bhl071 Published online September 6, 2006
3. Binder J.R., Medler D.A., Westbury C.F., Liebenthal E., and Buchanan L. Tuning of the human left fusiform gyrus to sublexical orthographic structure. Neuroimage 33 (2006) 739-748
4. Booth M.C., and Rolls E.T. View-invariant representations of familiar objects by neurons in the inferior temporal visual cortex. Cereb. Cortex 8 (1998) 510-523
5. Catani M., Jones D.K., Donato R., and Ffytche D.H. Occipitotemporal connections in the human brain. Brain 126 (2003) 2093-2107
6. Cohen L., Dehaene S., Naccache L., Lehéricy S., Dehaene-Lambertz G., Hénaff M.A., and Michel F. The visual word-form area: spatial and temporal characterization of an initial stage of reading in normal subjects and posterior split-brain patients. Brain 123 (2000) 291-307
7. Cohen L., Lehericy S., Chochon F., Lemer C., Rivaud S., and Dehaene S. Language-specific tuning of visual cortex? Functional properties of the visual word-form area. Brain 125 (2002) 1054-1069
8. Cohen L., Martinaud O., Lemer C., Lehericy S., Samson Y., Obadia M., Slachevsky A., and Dehaene S. Visual word recognition in the left and right hemispheres: anatomical and functional correlates of peripheral alexias. Cereb. Cortex 13 (2003) 1313-1333
9. Dehaene S., Naccache L., Cohen L., Bihan D.L., Mangin J.F., Poline J.B., and Riviere D. Cerebral mechanisms of word masking and unconscious repetition priming. Nat. Neurosci. 4 (2001) 752-758
10. Dehaene S., Le Clec'H G., Poline J.B., Le Bihan D., and Cohen L. The visual word-form area: a prelexical representation of visual words in the fusiform gyrus. Neuroreport 13 (2002) 321-325
11. Dehaene S., Jobert A., Naccache L., Ciuciu P., Poline J.B., Le Bihan D., and Cohen L. Letter binding and invariant recognition of masked words. Psychol. Sci. 15 (2004) 307-313
12. Dehaene S., Cohen L., Sigman M., and Vinckier F. The neural code for written words: a proposal. Trends Cogn. Sci. 9 (2005) 335-341
13. Devlin J.T., Jamison H.L., Matthews P.M., and Gonnerman L.M. Morphology and the internal structure of words. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 101 (2004) 14984-14988
14. Di Virgilio G., and Clarke S. Direct interhemispheric visual input to human speech areas. Hum. Brain Mapp. 5 (1997) 347-354
15. Fiez J.A., Balota D.A., Raichle M.E., and Petersen S.E. Effects of lexicality, frequency, and spelling-to-sound consistency on the functional anatomy of reading. Neuron 24 (1999) 205-218
16. Gaillard R., Naccache L., Pinel P., Clemenceau S., Volle E., Hasboun D., Dupont S., Baulac M., Dehaene S., Adam C., and Cohen L. Direct intracranial, fMRI and lesion evidence for the causal role of left inferotemporal cortex in reading. Neuron 50 (2006) 191-204
17. Giraud A.L., and Price C.J. The constraints functional neuroanatomy places on classical models of auditory word processing. J. Cogn. Neurosci. 13 (2001) 754-765
18. Goswami U., and Ziegler J.C. A developmental perspective on the neural code for written words. Trends Cogn. Sci. 10 (2006) 142-143
19. Grainger J., and Whitney C. Does the huamn mnid raed wrods as a wlohe?. Trends Cogn. Sci. 8 (2004) 58-59
20. Grill-Spector K., Kushnir T., Hendler T., Edelman S., Itzchak Y., and Malach R. A sequence of object-processing stages revealed by fMRI in the human occipital lobe. Hum. Brain Mapp. 6 (1998) 316-328
21. Grill-Spector K., Sayres R., and Ress D. High-resolution imaging reveals highly selective nonface clusters in the fusiform face area. Nat. Neurosci. 9 (2006) 1177-1185
22. Hasson U., Levy I., Behrmann M., Hendler T., and Malach R. Eccentricity bias as an organizing principle for human high-order object areas. Neuron 34 (2002) 479-490
23. Hillis A.E., Work M., Barker P.B., Jacobs M.A., Breese E.L., and Maurer K. Re-examining the brain regions crucial for orchestrating speech articulation. Brain 127 (2004) 1479-1487
24. James K.H., James T.W., Jobard G., Wong A.C., and Gauthier I. Letter processing in the visual system: different activation patterns for single letters and strings. Cogn. Affect. Behav. Neurosci. 5 (2005) 452-466
25. Jobard G., Crivello F., and Tzourio-Mazoyer N. Evaluation of the dual route theory of reading: a metanalysis of 35 neuroimaging studies. Neuroimage 20 (2003) 693-712
26. Lerner Y., Hendler T., Ben-Bashat D., Harel M., and Malach R. A hierarchical axis of object processing stages in the human visual cortex. Cereb. Cortex 11 (2001) 287-297
27. Maurer U., Brem S., Kranz F., Bucher K., Benz R., Halder P., Steinhausen H.C., and Brandeis D. Coarse neural tuning for print peaks when children learn to read. Neuroimage 33 (2006) 749-758
28. McCarthy G., Nobre A.C., Bentin S., and Spencer D.D. Language-related field potentials in the anterior-medial temporal lobe: I. Intracranial distribution and neural generators. J. Neurosci. 15 (1995) 1080-1089
29. Mukamel R., Harel M., Hendler T., and Malach R. Enhanced temporal non-linearities in human object-related occipitotemporal cortex. Cereb. Cortex 14 (2004) 575-585
30. Nakamura K., Dehaene S., Jobert A., Le Bihan D., and Kouider S. Subliminal convergence of Kanji and Kana words: further evidence for functional parcellation of the posterior temporal cortex in visual word perception. J. Cogn. Neurosci. 17 (2005) 954-968
31. Nobre A.C., and McCarthy G. Language-related field potentials in the anterior-medial temporal lobe: II. Effects of word type and semantic priming. J. Neurosci. 15 (1995) 1090-1098
32. Nobre A.C., Allison T., and McCarthy G. Word recognition in the human inferior temporal lobe. Nature 372 (1994) 260-263
33. Nobre A.C., Allison T., and McCarthy G. Modulation of human extrastriate visual processing by selective attention to colours and words. Brain 121 (1998) 1357-1368
34. Pammer K., Hansen P.C., Kringelbach M.L., Holliday I., Barnes G., Hillebrand A., Singh K.D., and Cornelissen P.L. Visual word recognition: the first half second. Neuroimage 22 (2004) 1819-1825
35. Price C.J., Wise R.J.S., and Frackowiak R.S.J. Demonstrating the implicit processing of visually presented words and pseudowords. Cereb. Cortex 6 (1996) 62-70
36. Prinzmetal W. Neon colors illuminate reading units. J. Exp. Psychol. Hum. Percept. Perform. 16 (1990) 584-597
37. Rolls E.T. Functions of the primate temporal lobe cortical visual areas in invariant visual object and face recognition. Neuron 27 (2000) 205-218
38. Sawamura H., Georgieva S., Vogels R., Vanduffel W., and Orban G.A. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging to assess adaptation and size invariance of shape processing by humans and monkeys. J. Neurosci. 25 (2005) 4294-4306
39. Shaywitz B.A., Shaywitz S.E., Pugh K.R., Mencl W.E., Fulbright R.K., Skudlarski P., Constable R.T., Marchione K.E., Fletcher J.M., Lyon G.R., and Gore J.C. Disruption of posterior brain systems for reading in children with developmental dyslexia. Biol. Psychiatry 52 (2002) 101-110
40. Starrfelt R., and Gerlach C. The visual what for area: words and pictures in the left fusiform gyrus. Neuroimage 35 (2007) 334-342
41. Tagamets M.A., Novick J.M., Chalmers M.L., and Friedman R.B. A parametric approach to orthographic processing in the brain: an fMRI study. J. Cogn. Neurosci. 12 (2000) 281-297
42. Tanaka K. Inferotemporal cortex and object vision. Annu. Rev. Neurosci. 19 (1996) 109-139
43. Tarkiainen A., Cornelissen P.L., and Salmelin R. Dynamics of visual feature analysis and object-level processing in face versus letter-string perception. Brain 125 (2002) 1125-1136
44. Tarkiainen A., Helenius P., Hansen P.C., Cornelissen P.L., and Salmelin R. Dynamics of letter string perception in the human occipitotemporal cortex. Brain 122 (1999) 2119-2132
45. Thompson-Schill S.L., D'Esposito M., Aguirre G.K., and Farah M.J. Role of left inferior prefrontal cortex in retrieval of semantic knowledge: a reevaluation. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 94 (1997) 14792-14797
46. Tootell R.B., Mendola J.D., Hadjikhani N.K., Liu A.K., and Dale A.M. The representation of the ipsilateral visual field in human cerebral cortex. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 95 (1998) 818-824
47. Warrington E.K., and Shallice T. Word form dyslexia. Brain 103 (1980) 99-112
48. Whitney C. How the brain encodes the order of letters in a printed word: the SERIOL model and selective literature review. Psychon. Bull. Rev. 8 (2001) 221-243
49. Wydell T.N., Vuorinen T., Helenius P., and Salmelin R. Neural correlates of letter-string length and lexicality during reading in a regular orthography. J. Cogn. Neurosci. 15 (2003) 1052-1062
50. Xu B., Grafman J., Gaillard W.D., Ishii K., Vega-Bermudez F., Pietrini P., Reeves-Tyer P., DiCamillo P., and Theodore W. Conjoint and extended neural networks for the computation of speech codes: the neural basis of selective impairment in reading words and pseudowords. Cereb. Cortex 11 (2001) 267-277