Management of cryptococcal meningitis in AIDS: The need for specific studies in developing countries

Clinical Infectious Diseases

Volumn 45, Issue 1, 2007, Pages 81-83

  Lortholary, Olivier ^a  

^a HÔPITAL NECKER ENFANTS MALADES   (France)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AMPHOTERICIN B; AMPHOTERICIN B DEOXYCHOLATE; FLUCONAZOLE; FLUCYTOSINE;

ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROME; CRYPTOCOCCAL MENINGITIS; CRYPTOCOCCUS NEOFORMANS; DEVELOPING COUNTRY; HIGHLY ACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; HUMAN; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS INFECTION; NOTE; PRIORITY JOURNAL;

ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME; AIDS-RELATED OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTIONS; BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH; CRYPTOCOCCOSIS; CRYPTOCOCCUS NEOFORMANS; DEVELOPING COUNTRIES; FLUCONAZOLE; HEALTH SERVICES NEEDS AND DEMAND; HUMANS; MENINGITIS, CRYPTOCOCCAL;

EID: 34250837370     PISSN: 10584838     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1086/518583     Document Type: Note

References (32)

1. Mirza SA, Phelan M, Rimland D, et al. The changing epidemiology of cryptococcosis: An update from population-based active surveillance in 2 large metropolitan areas, 1992-2000. Clin Infect Dis 2003; 36:789-94.
2. Dromer F, Mathoulin-Pelissier S, Fontanet A, et al. Epidemiology of HIV-associated cryptococcosis in France (1985-2001):comparison of the pre- and post-HAART eras. AIDS 2004; 18:555-62.
3. McCarthy KM, Morgan J, Wannemuehler KA, et al. Population-based surveillance for cryptococcosis in an antiretroviral-naive South African province with a high HIV seroprevalence. AIDS 2006; 20:2199-206.
4. Subsai K, Kanoksri S, Siwaporn C, Helen L. Neurological complications in AIDS patients: the 1-year retrospective study in Chiang Mai University, Thailand. Eur J Neurol 2004; 11: 755-9.
5. Corbett EL, Churchyard GJ, Charalambos S, et al. Morbidity and mortality in South African gold miners: Impact of untreated disease due to human immunodeficiency virus. Clin Infect Dis 2002; 34:1251-8.
6. Dromer F, Mathoulin-Pelissier S, Launay O, Lortholary O. Determinants of disease presentation and outcome during cryptococcosis: the CryptoA/D Study. The French Cryptococcosis Study Group. PLoS Med 2007; 4:e21.
7. Bekondi C, Bernede C, Passone N, et al. Primary and opportunistic pathogens associated with meningitis in adults in Bangui, Central African Republic, in relation to human immunodeficiency virus serostatus. Int J Infect Dis 2006; 10:387-95.
8. Hakim JG, Gangaidzo IT, Heyderman RS, et al. Impact of HIV infection on meningitis in Harare, Zimbabwe: a prospective study of 406 predominantly adult patients. AIDS 2000; 14: 1401-7.
9. Saag MS, Graybill RJ, Larsen RA, et al. Practice guidelines for the management of cryptococcal disease. Clin infect Dis 2000; 30:710-8.
10. van der Horst CM, Saag MS, Cloud GA, et al. Treatment of cryptococcal meningitis associated with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. N Engl J Med 1997; 337:15-21.
11. Saag MS, Cloud GA, Graybill JR, et al. A comparison of itraconazole versus fluconazole as maintenance therapy for AIDS-associated cryptococcal meningitis. Clin Infect Dis 1999; 28:291-6.
12. Brouwer AE, Rajanuwong A, Chierakul W, et al. Combination antifungal therapies for HIV-associated cryptococcal meningitis: a randomised trial. Lancet 2004; 363:1764-7.
13. Schwarz P, Dromer F, Lortholary O, Dannaoui E. In vitro interaction of flucytosine with conventional and new antifungals against Cryptococcus neoformans clinical isolates. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2003; 47:3361-4.
14. Schwarz P, Dromer F, Lortholary O, Dannaoui E. Efficacy of amphotericin B in combination with flucytosine against flucytosine-susceptible or flucytosine-resistant isolates of Cryptococcus neoformans during disseminated murine cryptococcosis. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2006; 50:113-20.
15. Schwarz P, Janbon G, Dromer F, Lortholary O, Dannaoui E. Combination of amphotericin B with flucytosine is active in vitro against flucytosine-resistant isolates of Cryptococcus neoformans. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2007; 51:383-5.
16. Graybill JR, Sobel J, Saag M, et al. Diagnosis and management of increased intracranial pressure in patients with AIDS and cryptococcal meningitis. Clin Infect Dis 2000; 30: 47-54.
17. Shelburne SA 3rd, Darcourt J, White AC Jr, et al. The role of immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome in AIDS-related Cryptococcus neoformans disease in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy. Clin Infect Dis 2005; 40:1049-52.
18. Lortholary O, Fontanet A, Memain N, Martin A, Sitbon K, Dromer F. Incidence and risk factors of immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome complicating HIV-associated cryptococcosis in France. The French Cryptococcosis Study Group. AIDS 2005; 19: 1043-9.
19. Bicanic T, Meintjes G, Wood R, et al. Fungal burden, early fungicidal activity, and outcome in cryptococcal meningitis in antiretroviral-naive or antiretroviral-experienced patients treated with amphotericin B or fluconazole. Clin Infect Dis 2007; 45:76-80 (in this issue).
20. Lortholary O, Nicolas M, Soreda S, et al. Fluconazole, with or without dexamethasone for experimental cryptococcosis: impact of treatment timing. J Antimicrob Chemother 1999; 43:817-24.
21. Ding JC, Bauer M, Diamond DM, et al. Effect of severity of meningitis on fungicidal activity of flucytosine combined with fluconazole in a murine model of cryptococcal meningitis. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1997; 41: 1589-93.
22. Saag MS, Powderly WG, Cloud GA, et al. Comparison of amphotericin B with fluconazole in the treatment of acute AIDS-associated cryptococcal meningitis. N Engl J Med 1992; 326:83-9.
23. Larsen RA, Leal MA, Chan LS. Fluconazole compared with amphotericin B plus flucytosine for cryptococcal meningitis in AIDS: a randomized trial. Ann Intern Med 1990; 113: 183-7.
24. Bicanic T, Harrison T, Niepieklo A, Dyakopu N, Meintjes G. Symptomatic relapse of HIV-associated cryptococcal meningitis after initial fluconazole monotherapy: the role of fluconazole resistance and immune reconstitution. Clin Infect Dis 2006; 43:1069-73.
25. Nguyen MH, Najvar LK, Yu CY, Graybill JR. Combination therapy with fluconazole and flucytosine in the murine model of cryptococcal meningitis. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1997; 41:1120-3.
26. Kartalija M, Kaye K, Tureen JH, et al. Treatment of experimental cryptococcal meningitis with fluconazole: impact of dose and addition of flucytosine on mycologic and pathophysiologic outcome. J Infect Dis 1996; 173: 1216-21.
27. Berry AJ, Rinaldi MG, Graybill JR. Use of high-dose fluconazole as salvage therapy for cryptococcal meningitis in patients with AIDS. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1992; 36: 690-2.
28. Larsen RA, Bozzette SA, Jones BE, et al. Fluconazole combined with flucytosine for treatment of cryptococcal meningitis in patients with AIDS. Clin Infect Dis 1994; 19:741-5.
29. Witt MD, Lewis RJ, Larsen RA, et al. Identification of patients with acute AIDS-associated cryptococcal meningitis who can be effectively treated with fluconazole: the role of antifungal susceptibility testing. Clin Infect Dis 1996; 22: 322-8.
30. Mayanja-Kizza H, Oishi K, Mitarai S, et al. Combination therapy with fluconazole and flucytosine for cryptococcal meningitis in Ugandan patients with AIDS. Clin Infect Dis 1998; 26:1362-6.
31. Lortholary O, Poizat G, Zeller V, et al. Long-term outcome of AIDS-associated cryptococcosis in the era of combination antiretroviral therapy. AIDS 2006; 20:2183-91.
32. Lawn SD, Bekker LG, Myer L, Orrell C, Wood R. Cryptococcocal immune reconstitution disease: a major cause of early mortality in a South African antiretroviral programme. AIDS 2005; 19:2050-2.