메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 100, Issue 2, 2007, Pages 675-690

Use of virtual environments to investigate development of spatial behavior and spatial knowledge of school-age children

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; BEHAVIOR; CHILD; COGNITION; COMPUTER INTERFACE; ENVIRONMENT; FEMALE; HUMAN; MALE;

EID: 34250811948     PISSN: 00332941     EISSN: 1558691X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2466/PR0.100.2.675-690     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (16)

References (76)
  • 1
    • 0002783428 scopus 로고
    • Small and large-scale spatial concepts in infancy and childhood
    • L. Liben, A. Patterson, & N. Newcombe Eds, New York: Academic Press. Pp
    • ACREDOLO, L. (1981) Small and large-scale spatial concepts in infancy and childhood. In L. Liben, A. Patterson, & N. Newcombe (Eds.), Spatial representation and behavior across the life span. New York: Academic Press. Pp. 63-82.
    • (1981) Spatial representation and behavior across the life span , pp. 63-82
    • ACREDOLO, L.1
  • 2
    • 0000473049 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Learning relative directions between landmarks in a desktop virtual environment
    • ALBERT, W. S., RENSINK, R. A., & BEUSMANNS, J. (1999) Learning relative directions between landmarks in a desktop virtual environment. Spatial Cognition and Computation, 1, 131-144.
    • (1999) Spatial Cognition and Computation , vol.1 , pp. 131-144
    • ALBERT, W.S.1    RENSINK, R.A.2    BEUSMANNS, J.3
  • 3
    • 0041012442 scopus 로고
    • A developmental perspective on the effect of "subdividing" macrospatial experience
    • ALLEN, G. L. (1981) A developmental perspective on the effect of "subdividing" macrospatial experience. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Learning and Memory, 1, 120-132.
    • (1981) Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Learning and Memory , vol.1 , pp. 120-132
    • ALLEN, G.L.1
  • 4
    • 0018556104 scopus 로고
    • Developmental issues in cognitive mapping: The selection and utilization of environmental landmarks
    • ALLEN, G. L., KIRASIC, K. C., SIEGEL, A. W., & HERMAN, J. F. (1979) Developmental issues in cognitive mapping: the selection and utilization of environmental landmarks. Child Development, 50, 1062-1070.
    • (1979) Child Development , vol.50 , pp. 1062-1070
    • ALLEN, G.L.1    KIRASIC, K.C.2    SIEGEL, A.W.3    HERMAN, J.F.4
  • 5
    • 21844506815 scopus 로고
    • Age-sensitive cognitive abilities related to children's acquisition of spatial knowledge
    • ALLEN, G. L., & ONDRACEK, P. J. (1995) Age-sensitive cognitive abilities related to children's acquisition of spatial knowledge. Developmental Psychology, 31, 934-945.
    • (1995) Developmental Psychology , vol.31 , pp. 934-945
    • ALLEN, G.L.1    ONDRACEK, P.J.2
  • 6
    • 10144221775 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Research paradigms and methodologies for investigating children's wayfinding
    • N. Foreman & R. Gillet Eds, Sussex, UK: Psychology Press. Pp
    • BLADES, M. (1997) Research paradigms and methodologies for investigating children's wayfinding. In N. Foreman & R. Gillet (Eds.), A handbook of spatial research paradigms and methodologies. Sussex, UK: Psychology Press. Pp. 103-129.
    • (1997) A handbook of spatial research paradigms and methodologies , pp. 103-129
    • BLADES, M.1
  • 7
    • 0039562227 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effectiveness of virtual reality for administering spatial navigation training to firefighters
    • BLISS, J., TIDWELL, P., & GUEST, M. (1997) The effectiveness of virtual reality for administering spatial navigation training to firefighters. Presence, 6, 73-86.
    • (1997) Presence , vol.6 , pp. 73-86
    • BLISS, J.1    TIDWELL, P.2    GUEST, M.3
  • 8
    • 0000621780 scopus 로고
    • The representation of landmarks and routes
    • COHEN, R., & SCHUEPFER, T. (1980) The representation of landmarks and routes. Child Development, 51, 1065-1071.
    • (1980) Child Development , vol.51 , pp. 1065-1071
    • COHEN, R.1    SCHUEPFER, T.2
  • 9
    • 0019249930 scopus 로고
    • Distance estimates of children as a function of acquisition and response activities
    • COHEN, R., WEATHERFORD, D., & BYRD, D. (1980) Distance estimates of children as a function of acquisition and response activities. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 30, 464-472.
    • (1980) Journal of Experimental Child Psychology , vol.30 , pp. 464-472
    • COHEN, R.1    WEATHERFORD, D.2    BYRD, D.3
  • 10
    • 0028143575 scopus 로고
    • Place recognition and wayfinding by children and adults
    • CORNELL, E. H., HETH, C. D., & ALBERTS, D. M. (1994) Place recognition and wayfinding by children and adults. Memory & Cognition, 22, 633-643.
    • (1994) Memory & Cognition , vol.22 , pp. 633-643
    • CORNELL, E.H.1    HETH, C.D.2    ALBERTS, D.M.3
  • 11
    • 0001398217 scopus 로고
    • Children's wayfinding: Response to instructions to use environmental landmarks
    • CORNELL, E. H., HETH, C. D., & BRODA, L. S. (1989) Children's wayfinding: response to instructions to use environmental landmarks. Developmental Psychology, 5, 755-764.
    • (1989) Developmental Psychology , vol.5 , pp. 755-764
    • CORNELL, E.H.1    HETH, C.D.2    BRODA, L.S.3
  • 12
    • 0001398216 scopus 로고
    • Wayfinding by children and adults: Responses to instructions to use look-back and retrace strategies
    • CORNELL, E. H., HETH, C. D., & ROWAT, W. L. (1992) Wayfinding by children and adults: responses to instructions to use look-back and retrace strategies. Developmental Psychology, 28, 328-336.
    • (1992) Developmental Psychology , vol.28 , pp. 328-336
    • CORNELL, E.H.1    HETH, C.D.2    ROWAT, W.L.3
  • 13
    • 0020710198 scopus 로고
    • Wayfinding and cognitive mapping in large-scale environments: A test of a developmental model
    • COUSINS, J. H., SIEGEL, A. W., & MAXWELL, S. E. (1983) Wayfinding and cognitive mapping in large-scale environments: a test of a developmental model. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 35, 1-20.
    • (1983) Journal of Experimental Child Psychology , vol.35 , pp. 1-20
    • COUSINS, J.H.1    SIEGEL, A.W.2    MAXWELL, S.E.3
  • 14
    • 0032008798 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Two memories for geographical slant: Separation and interdependence of action and awareness
    • CREEM, S. H., & PROFFITT, D. R. (1998) Two memories for geographical slant: separation and interdependence of action and awareness. Psychonomic Bulletin and Review, 5, 22-36.
    • (1998) Psychonomic Bulletin and Review , vol.5 , pp. 22-36
    • CREEM, S.H.1    PROFFITT, D.R.2
  • 15
    • 0035316463 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • CREEM, S. H., & PROFFITT, D. R. (2001) Defining the cortical visual systems: what, where, and how. Acta Psychologica, 107, 43-68.
    • CREEM, S. H., & PROFFITT, D. R. (2001) Defining the cortical visual systems: "what," "where," and "how." Acta Psychologica, 107, 43-68.
  • 16
    • 0037226390 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The secret is to follow your nose: Route path selection and angularity
    • DALTON, R. C. (2003) The secret is to follow your nose: route path selection and angularity. Environment and Behavior, 35, 107-131.
    • (2003) Environment and Behavior , vol.35 , pp. 107-131
    • DALTON, R.C.1
  • 21
    • 0018520302 scopus 로고
    • The effect of active versus passive exploration on memory for spatial location in children
    • FELDMAN, A., & ACREDOLO, L. (1979) The effect of active versus passive exploration on memory for spatial location in children. Child Development, 50, 698-704.
    • (1979) Child Development , vol.50 , pp. 698-704
    • FELDMAN, A.1    ACREDOLO, L.2
  • 23
    • 0040954424 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Place-based versus view-based navigation: Experiments in changing virtual environments
    • GILLNER, S., & MALLOT, H. (1996) Place-based versus view-based navigation: experiments in changing virtual environments. Perception, 25(Suppl.), 93.
    • (1996) Perception , vol.25 , Issue.SUPPL. , pp. 93
    • GILLNER, S.1    MALLOT, H.2
  • 24
    • 0031870037 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Navigation and acquisition of spatial knowledge in a virtual maze
    • GILLNER, S., & MALLOT, H. (1998) Navigation and acquisition of spatial knowledge in a virtual maze. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 10, 445-463.
    • (1998) Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience , vol.10 , pp. 445-463
    • GILLNER, S.1    MALLOT, H.2
  • 25
    • 0000079217 scopus 로고
    • Environmental cognition
    • D. Stokols & I. Altman Eds, New York: Wiley. Pp
    • GOLLEDGE, R. G. (1987) Environmental cognition. In D. Stokols & I. Altman (Eds.), Handbook of environmental psychology. Vol. 1. New York: Wiley. Pp. 131-174.
    • (1987) Handbook of environmental psychology , vol.1 , pp. 131-174
    • GOLLEDGE, R.G.1
  • 26
    • 0002990779 scopus 로고
    • Children's spatial representation of the landscape: Lessons and questions from a field study
    • L. Liben, A. H. Patterson, & N. Newcombe Eds, New York: Academic Press. Pp
    • HART, R. A. (1981) Children's spatial representation of the landscape: lessons and questions from a field study. In L. Liben, A. H. Patterson, & N. Newcombe (Eds.), Spatial representation and behavior across the life span. New York: Academic Press. Pp. 195-233.
    • (1981) Spatial representation and behavior across the life span , pp. 195-233
    • HART, R.A.1
  • 28
    • 0001386215 scopus 로고
    • The development of cognitive mapping of the large-scale environment
    • HERMAN, J. F., & SIEGEL, A. W. (1978) The development of cognitive mapping of the large-scale environment. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 26, 389-406.
    • (1978) Journal of Experimental Child Psychology , vol.26 , pp. 389-406
    • HERMAN, J.F.1    SIEGEL, A.W.2
  • 29
    • 0022055330 scopus 로고
    • Evidence of hierarchies in cognitive maps
    • HIRTLE, S. C., & JONIDES, J. (1985) Evidence of hierarchies in cognitive maps. Memory & Cognition, 3, 208-217.
    • (1985) Memory & Cognition , vol.3 , pp. 208-217
    • HIRTLE, S.C.1    JONIDES, J.2
  • 30
    • 10144243787 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of estimation errors on wayfinding-decisions in unknown street networks - analyzing the least-angle strategy
    • HOCHMAIR, H., & FRANK, A. U. (2000) Influence of estimation errors on wayfinding-decisions in unknown street networks - analyzing the least-angle strategy. Spatial Cognition and Computation, 2, 283-313.
    • (2000) Spatial Cognition and Computation , vol.2 , pp. 283-313
    • HOCHMAIR, H.1    FRANK, A.U.2
  • 31
    • 0036643208 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Using desktop virtual environments to investigate the role of landmarks
    • JANSEN-OSMANN, P. (2002) Using desktop virtual environments to investigate the role of landmarks. Computers in Human Behavior, 18, 427-436.
    • (2002) Computers in Human Behavior , vol.18 , pp. 427-436
    • JANSEN-OSMANN, P.1
  • 32
    • 0036175450 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Investigating distance knowledge using virtual environments
    • JANSEN-OSMANN, P., & BERENDT, B. (2002) Investigating distance knowledge using virtual environments. Environment and Behavior, 34, 178-193.
    • (2002) Environment and Behavior , vol.34 , pp. 178-193
    • JANSEN-OSMANN, P.1    BERENDT, B.2
  • 33
    • 33644875565 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • What makes a route appear longer? An experimental investigation on features, route segmentation, and distance knowledge
    • JANSEN-OSMANN, P., & BERENDT, B. (2005) What makes a route appear longer? An experimental investigation on features, route segmentation, and distance knowledge. The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 8, 1390-1414.
    • (2005) The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology , vol.8 , pp. 1390-1414
    • JANSEN-OSMANN, P.1    BERENDT, B.2
  • 34
    • 33747845664 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Wayfinding behaviour and spatial knowledge of adults and children in a virtual environment: The role of landmarks
    • JANSEN-OSMANN, P., & FUCHS, P. (2006) Wayfinding behaviour and spatial knowledge of adults and children in a virtual environment: the role of landmarks. Experimental Psychology, 53, 171-181.
    • (2006) Experimental Psychology , vol.53 , pp. 171-181
    • JANSEN-OSMANN, P.1    FUCHS, P.2
  • 35
    • 33947505260 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spatial knowledge of adults and children in a virtual environment: The role of the environmental structure
    • JANSEN-OSMANN, P., SCHMID, J., & HEIL, M. (2007) Spatial knowledge of adults and children in a virtual environment: the role of the environmental structure. Swiss Journal of Psychology, 66, 41-50.
    • (2007) Swiss Journal of Psychology , vol.66 , pp. 41-50
    • JANSEN-OSMANN, P.1    SCHMID, J.2    HEIL, M.3
  • 36
    • 84873005249 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Wayfinding performance and spatial knowledge of adults and children in a virtual environment: The role of the environmental structure
    • in press
    • JANSEN-OSMANN, P., SCHMID, J., & HEIL, M. (in press) Wayfinding performance and spatial knowledge of adults and children in a virtual environment: the role of the environmental structure. European Journal of Developmental Psychology.
    • European Journal of Developmental Psychology
    • JANSEN-OSMANN, P.1    SCHMID, J.2    HEIL, M.3
  • 37
    • 10144222890 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The representation of landmarks and routes in children and adults: A study in a virtual environment
    • JANSEN-OSMANN, P., & WIEDENBAUER, G. (2004a) The representation of landmarks and routes in children and adults: a study in a virtual environment. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 24, 347-357.
    • (2004) Journal of Environmental Psychology , vol.24 , pp. 347-357
    • JANSEN-OSMANN, P.1    WIEDENBAUER, G.2
  • 38
    • 33747835118 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Wayfinding performance in and the spatial knowledge of a color-coded building for adults and children
    • JANSEN-OSMANN, P., & WIEDENBAUER, G. (2004b) Wayfinding performance in and the spatial knowledge of a color-coded building for adults and children. Spatial Cognition and Computation, 4, 337-358.
    • (2004) Spatial Cognition and Computation , vol.4 , pp. 337-358
    • JANSEN-OSMANN, P.1    WIEDENBAUER, G.2
  • 40
    • 0020404614 scopus 로고
    • The "Map in the head" metaphor
    • KUIPERS, B. J. (1982) The "Map in the head" metaphor. Environment and Behavior, 14, 202-220.
    • (1982) Environment and Behavior , vol.14 , pp. 202-220
    • KUIPERS, B.J.1
  • 41
    • 0004896393 scopus 로고
    • Conceptual issues in the spatial development of spatial cognition
    • J. Stiles-Davis, M. Kritchevsky, & U. Bellugi Eds, Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum. Pp
    • LIBEN, L. S. (1988) Conceptual issues in the spatial development of spatial cognition. In J. Stiles-Davis, M. Kritchevsky, & U. Bellugi (Eds.), Spatial cognition: brain bases and development. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum. Pp. 167-194.
    • (1988) Spatial cognition: Brain bases and development , pp. 167-194
    • LIBEN, L.S.1
  • 42
    • 0002876456 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Children's understanding of spatial representation of place: Mapping the methodological landscape
    • N. Foreman & R. Gillet Eds, Sussex, UK: Psychology Press. Pp
    • LIBEN, L. S. (1997) Children's understanding of spatial representation of place: mapping the methodological landscape, In N. Foreman & R. Gillet (Eds.), A handbook of spatial research paradigms and methodologies. Sussex, UK: Psychology Press. Pp. 41-83.
    • (1997) A handbook of spatial research paradigms and methodologies , pp. 41-83
    • LIBEN, L.S.1
  • 43
    • 0002253187 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Developing an understanding of external spatial representations
    • I. E. Sigel Ed, Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum. Pp
    • LIBEN, L. S. (1999) Developing an understanding of external spatial representations. In I. E. Sigel (Ed.), Development of mental representation: theories and applications. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum. Pp. 291-321.
    • (1999) Development of mental representation: Theories and applications , pp. 291-321
    • LIBEN, L.S.1
  • 46
    • 0008761162 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Raumorientierung in virtuellen Umgebungen
    • R. Kluwe Ed, Wiesbaden: Deutscher Universitäts-Verlag. Pp
    • MAY, M., PÉRUCH, P., & WARTENBERG, F. (1997) Raumorientierung in virtuellen Umgebungen, In R. Kluwe (Ed.), Strukturen und Prozesse intelligenter Systeme. Wiesbaden: Deutscher Universitäts-Verlag. Pp. 14-40.
    • (1997) Strukturen und Prozesse intelligenter Systeme , pp. 14-40
    • MAY, M.1    PÉRUCH, P.2    WARTENBERG, F.3
  • 47
    • 0032235083 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Current uses of virtual reality for children with disabilities
    • G. Riva, B. K. Wiederhold, & E. Molinari Eds, Amsterdam: IOS Press, Pp
    • MCCOMAS, J., PIVIK, J., & LAFLAMME, M. (1998) Current uses of virtual reality for children with disabilities. In G. Riva, B. K. Wiederhold, & E. Molinari (Eds.), Virtual environments in clinical psychology and neuroscience. Amsterdam: IOS Press, Pp. 161-169.
    • (1998) Virtual environments in clinical psychology and neuroscience , pp. 161-169
    • MCCOMAS, J.1    PIVIK, J.2    LAFLAMME, M.3
  • 48
  • 50
    • 33947523591 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Active versus passive learning and testing in a complex outside built environment
    • PÉRUCH, P., & WILSON, P. (2004) Active versus passive learning and testing in a complex outside built environment. Cognitive Processing, 5, 218-227.
    • (2004) Cognitive Processing , vol.5 , pp. 218-227
    • PÉRUCH, P.1    WILSON, P.2
  • 53
    • 0032844122 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spatial knowledge acquisition from maps and from navigation in real and virtual environments
    • RICHARDSON, A. E., MONTELLO, D. R., & HEGARTY, M. (1999) Spatial knowledge acquisition from maps and from navigation in real and virtual environments. Memory & Cognition, 27, 741-750.
    • (1999) Memory & Cognition , vol.27 , pp. 741-750
    • RICHARDSON, A.E.1    MONTELLO, D.R.2    HEGARTY, M.3
  • 55
    • 38249007114 scopus 로고
    • Sketch-map variable as predictors of way-finding performance
    • ROVINE, M. J., &WEISMAN, G. D. (1989) Sketch-map variable as predictors of way-finding performance. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 9, 217-232.
    • (1989) Journal of Environmental Psychology , vol.9 , pp. 217-232
    • ROVINE, M.J.1    WEISMAN, G.D.2
  • 56
    • 0001615836 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Navigating buildings in "desk-top" virtual environments: Experimental investigations using extended navigational experience
    • RUDDLE, R. A., PAYNE, S. J., & JONES, D. M. (1997) Navigating buildings in "desk-top" virtual environments: experimental investigations using extended navigational experience. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied, 3, 143-159.
    • (1997) Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied , vol.3 , pp. 143-159
    • RUDDLE, R.A.1    PAYNE, S.J.2    JONES, D.M.3
  • 57
    • 0001775798 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of maps on navigation and search strategies in very large-scale virtual environments
    • RUDDLE, R. A., PAYNE, ST. J., & JONES, D. M. (1999) The effect of maps on navigation and search strategies in very large-scale virtual environments. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied, 5, 54-75.
    • (1999) Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied , vol.5 , pp. 54-75
    • RUDDLE, R.A.1    PAYNE, S.J.2    JONES, D.M.3
  • 60
    • 0002296213 scopus 로고
    • The externalization of cognitive maps by children and adults: In search of ways to ask better questions
    • L. Liben, A. Patterson, & N. Newcombe Eds, New York: Academic Press. Pp
    • SIEGEL, A. (1981) The externalization of cognitive maps by children and adults: in search of ways to ask better questions. In L. Liben, A. Patterson, & N. Newcombe (Eds.), Spatial representation and behavior across the life span. New York: Academic Press. Pp. 167-195.
    • (1981) Spatial representation and behavior across the life span , pp. 167-195
    • SIEGEL, A.1
  • 61
    • 0016422735 scopus 로고
    • The development of spatial representations of large scale environments
    • H. W. Reese Ed, New York: Academic Press. Pp
    • SIEGEL, A. W., & WHITE, S. (1977) The development of spatial representations of large scale environments. In H. W. Reese (Ed.), Advances in child development and behavior: 10. New York: Academic Press. Pp. 10-55.
    • (1977) Advances in child development and behavior: 10 , pp. 10-55
    • SIEGEL, A.W.1    WHITE, S.2
  • 62
    • 0032227290 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aftereffects and sense of presence in virtual environments: Formulation of a research and development agenda
    • STANNEY, K., & SALVENDY, G. (1998) Aftereffects and sense of presence in virtual environments: formulation of a research and development agenda, International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction, 10, 135-187.
    • (1998) International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction , vol.10 , pp. 135-187
    • STANNEY, K.1    SALVENDY, G.2
  • 64
    • 0039772373 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of global and local landmarks in virtual environment navigation
    • STECK, S. D., & MALLOT, H-P. (2000) The role of global and local landmarks in virtual environment navigation. Presence, 9, 69-83.
    • (2000) Presence , vol.9 , pp. 69-83
    • STECK, S.D.1    MALLOT, H.-P.2
  • 65
    • 0018026358 scopus 로고
    • Distortions in judged spatial relations
    • STEVENS, A., & COUPE, P. (1978) Distortions in judged spatial relations. Cognitive Psychology, 10, 422-437.
    • (1978) Cognitive Psychology , vol.10 , pp. 422-437
    • STEVENS, A.1    COUPE, P.2
  • 66
    • 0007676610 scopus 로고
    • Spatial cognition and reasoning
    • J. H. Harvey Ed, Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum. Pp
    • THORNDYKE, P. W. (1981) Spatial cognition and reasoning. In J. H. Harvey (Ed.), Cognition, spatial behaviour, and the environment. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum. Pp. 137-149.
    • (1981) Cognition, spatial behaviour, and the environment , pp. 137-149
    • THORNDYKE, P.W.1
  • 67
    • 33747793011 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rotational movements in real and virtual environments
    • TLAUKA, M. (2007) Rotational movements in real and virtual environments. Computers in Human Behavior, 23, 515-524.
    • (2007) Computers in Human Behavior , vol.23 , pp. 515-524
    • TLAUKA, M.1
  • 68
  • 69
    • 0034568391 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Individual differences in spatial learning from computer simulated environments
    • WALLER, D. (2000) Individual differences in spatial learning from computer simulated environments. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied, 6, 307-321.
    • (2000) Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied , vol.6 , pp. 307-321
    • WALLER, D.1
  • 71
    • 0034953757 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spatial representation of virtual mazes: The role of visual fidelity and individual differences
    • WALLER, D., KNAPP, D., & HUNT, E. (2001) Spatial representation of virtual mazes: the role of visual fidelity and individual differences. Human Factors, 43, 147-158.
    • (2001) Human Factors , vol.43 , pp. 147-158
    • WALLER, D.1    KNAPP, D.2    HUNT, E.3
  • 72
    • 84973748639 scopus 로고
    • Evaluating architectural legibility: Way-finding in the built environment
    • WEISMANN, J. (1981) Evaluating architectural legibility: way-finding in the built environment. Environment and Behavior, 13, 189-204.
    • (1981) Environment and Behavior , vol.13 , pp. 189-204
    • WEISMANN, J.1
  • 73
    • 0035555293 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Virtual information space navigation: Evaluating the use of head tracking
    • WESTERMAN, S. J., CRIBBIN, T., & WILSON, R. (2001) Virtual information space navigation: evaluating the use of head tracking. Behaviour-and-Information Technology, 20, 419-426.
    • (2001) Behaviour-and-Information Technology , vol.20 , pp. 419-426
    • WESTERMAN, S.J.1    CRIBBIN, T.2    WILSON, R.3
  • 74
    • 0030469233 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transfer of spatial information from a virtual to a real environment in physically disabled children
    • WILSON, P. N., FOREMAN, N., & TLAUKA, M. (1996) Transfer of spatial information from a virtual to a real environment in physically disabled children. Disability and Rehabilitation, 18, 633-637.
    • (1996) Disability and Rehabilitation , vol.18 , pp. 633-637
    • WILSON, P.N.1    FOREMAN, N.2    TLAUKA, M.3
  • 75
    • 0042766341 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The influence of interactivity and attention on spatial learning in a desk-top virtual environment, 21
    • WILSON, P. N., & PÉRUCH, P. (2002) [The influence of interactivity and attention on spatial learning in a desk-top virtual environment.] Cahiers de Psychologie Cognitive, 21, 601-633.
    • (2002) Cahiers de Psychologie Cognitive , pp. 601-633
    • WILSON, P.N.1    PÉRUCH, P.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.