Routine antenatal HIV testing: The responses and perceptions of pregnant women and the viability of informed consent. A qualitative study

Journal of Medical Ethics

Volumn 33, Issue 6, 2007, Pages 329-336

  de Zulueta, Paquita ^a   Boulton, Mary ^b  

^a IMPERIAL COLLEGE LONDON   (United Kingdom)

^b OXFORD BROOKES UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; ARTICLE; ATTITUDE TO HEALTH; CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY; DECISION MAKING; ETHICS; FEMALE; HEALTH PERSONNEL ATTITUDE; HUMAN; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS INFECTION; INFORMED CONSENT; METHODOLOGY; PREGNANCY; PREGNANCY COMPLICATION; PREGNANT WOMAN; PRENATAL CARE; PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECT; RISK REDUCTION; SELF CONCEPT; SERODIAGNOSIS; TREATMENT REFUSAL;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AIDS SERODIAGNOSIS; ATTITUDE OF HEALTH PERSONNEL; ATTITUDE TO HEALTH; CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDIES; DECISION MAKING; FEMALE; HIV INFECTIONS; HUMANS; INFORMED CONSENT; PREGNANCY; PREGNANCY COMPLICATIONS, INFECTIOUS; PREGNANT WOMEN; PRENATAL CARE; RISK REDUCTION BEHAVIOR; SELF CONCEPT; TREATMENT REFUSAL;

EID: 34250735598     PISSN: 03066800     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1136/jme.2006.015750     Document Type: Article

References (55)

1. Connor EM, Sperling RS, Gelber R, et al. Reduction of maternal-infant transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 with zidovuridine treatment. N Engl J Med 1994;331:1173-80.
2. European Mode of Delivery Collaboration. Elective caesarian section versus vaginal delivery in prevention of vertical HIV-1 transmission: a randomised clinical trial. Lancet 1999; 353:1035-9.
3. Newell ML, Peckham CS. Risk factors for vertical transmission and early markers of HIV-1 infection in children. AIDS 1993; 7:591-7.
4. Mandelbrot L, Landreau-Mascaro, Rekacewicz C, et al. Lamivudine-zidovudine combination for prevention of maternal-infant transmission of HIV-1. JAMA 2001;285:2083-5.
5. De Cock KM, Janson AM. From exceptionalism to normalisation: a reappraisal of attitudes and practice around HIV testing. BMJ 1998;315:1-2.
6. Department of Health. Prevalence of HIV and hepatitis infections in the United Kingdom 1999, Annual report of the Unlinked Anonymous Monitoring Programme. Report from the Unlinked Anonymous Surveys Steering Group. London: Department of Health, 2000.
7. Nicoll A, Peckham CS. Reducing vertical transmission of HIV in the UK. BMJ 1999;319:1211-12.
8. NHS Executive. Reducing mother to baby transmission of HIV (HSC 1999/183). London: Department of Health, 1999.
9. Department of Health. Targets aimed at reducing the number of children born with HIV: report from an expert group. London: Department of Health, 1999.
10. Department of Health. Prevalence of HIV and hepatitis infections in the United Kingdom 2001, Annual report of the Unlinked Anonymous Monitoring Programme. Report from the Unlinked Anonymous Surveys Steering Group. London: Department of Health, 2002.
11. Duong T, Ades A, Gibb DM, et al. Vertical transmission rates for HIV in the British isles: estimates based on surveillance data. BMJ 1999;319:1227-9.
12. Department of Health. Prevalence of HIV and hepatitis infections in the United Kingdom 2001, Annual report of the Unlinked Anonymous Monitoring Programme. Report from the Unlinked Anonymous Surveys Steering Group. London: Department of Health, 2002.
13. WHO Regional Office for Europe's Health Evidence Network (HEN). What is the impact of HIV on families? Copenhagen: WHO Regional Office for Europe, 2005.
14. Health Protection Agency. Renewing the focus. HIV and other sexually transmitted infections in the United Kingdom in 2002. London: Health Protection Agency, 2003.
15. Department of Health. Screening for infectious diseases in pregnancy: standards to support the UK Antenatal Screening Programme. London: Department of Health, 2003.
16. Department of Health. Screening for infectious diseases in pregnancy: standards to support the UK Antenatal Screening Programme. London: Department of Health, 2003:2.
17. Meadows J, Catalan J. Why do antenatal attenders decide to have the HIV antibody test? Int J STD AIDS 1994;5:400-4.
18. Royce AR, Walter EB, Fernandez I, et al. Barriers to universal prenatal HIV testing in 4 US locations in 1997. Am J Public Health 2001;91:727-33.
19. Glaser BG, Strauss AL. The discovery of grounded theory: strategies for qualitative research. New York: Aldine de Gruter, 1967.
20. Tversky A, Kohneman D. The framing of decisions and the psychology of choice. Science 1981;201:,453-8.
21. Rothman AJ, Salovey P. Shaping perceptions to motivate healthy behaviour: the role of message framing. Psychol Bull 1997; 123:3-19.
22. Markens S, Browner CH, Press N. 'Because of the risks': how US pregnant women account for refusing prenatal screening. Soc Sci Med 1999;49:359-69.
23. General Medical Council. Seeking patients' consent: the ethical considerations. London: General Medical Council 1999, Serious communicable diseases, London:General Medical Council, 1997.
24. Department of Health. Guidelines for offering voluntary named HIV anti-body testing to women receiving antenatal care. London: Department of Health, 1994.
25. General Medical Council. Seeking patients' consent: the ethical considerations. London General Medical Council. 1999, para 34.
26. Bandura A, Walters RH. Social learning and personality development. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1963.
27. Boyd FM, Simpson WM, Hart GH, et al. What do pregnant women think about the HIV test? A qualitative study. AIDS Care 1999; 11:21-9.
28. Santalahti P, Hemminki E, Latikka A-M, et al. Women's decisions in prenatal screening. Soc Sci Med 1998; 46:1067-76.
29. Edwards A, Elwyn G, Covey J, et al. Presenting risk information - a review of the effects of "framing" and other manipulations on patient outcomes. J Health Commun 2001; 6:61-82.
30. Press NA, Browner CH. 'Collective fictions': similarities in reasons for accepting maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein screening among women of diverse ethic and social class backgrounds. Fetal Diagn Ther 1993;8:97-106.
31. De Bruyn M, Paxton S. HIV testing of pregnant women - what is needed to protect positive women's needs and rights? Sexual Health 2005;2:143-51.
32. Terence Higgins Trust 2001. Prejudice, discrimination and HIV. A report. http://www.tht.org.uk (accessed 1 Mar 2007).
33. Department of Health. Better for baby: HIV testing as part of your antenatal care, PL/CO(98)4. Produced by the Expert Advisory Group on AIDS.
34. Sherr L. In:, Bennett R, Erin CA, eds. Counselling and HIV testing:ethical dilemmas. HIV and AIDS, testing, screening and confidentiality. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999:47.
35. Sherr L, Bergenstrorn A, Hudson CN. Consent and antenatal HIV testing: the limits of choice and issues of consent in HIV and AIDS. AIDS Care 2000;12:307-12.
36. Sherr L, Bergenstrorn A, Bell E, et al. Antenatal HIV screening and ethnic minority women. Health Trends, 1998-99, 30:115-19.
37. O'Neill O. Autonomy and trust in bioethics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002.
38. Gillon R. 'Fully' informed consent, clinical trials, and the boundaries of therapeutic discretion. In: Doyal L, Tobias JS, eds. Informed consent in medical research. London: BMJ books, 2001.
39. Katz A. HIV screening in pregnancy: what women think. J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs, 30:184-91.
40. Draper H. Ethics and consent in midwifery. Ethics and midwifery. 2nd edn.In: Frith L, Draper H, eds. Books for Midwives. Oxford:Elsevier, 2004.
41. Simpson WM, Johnstone FD, Boyd FM, et al. Uptake and acceptability of antenatol testing: randomised controlled trial of different methods of offering the test. BMJ 1998;316:262-7.
42. De Zulueta P. HIV in pregnancy: ethical issues in screening and therapeutic research. Ethical issues in maternal-fetal medicine. In: Donna Dickenson, ed, Cambridge:Cambridge University Press, 2002.
43. Holm S. Ethical problems in clinical practice. The ethical reasoning of health care professionals. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1997.
44. Simpson WM, Johnstone FD, Goldberg DJ, et al. Antenatal testing: assessment of a routine voluntary approach. BMJ 1999; 318:1660-1.
45. Bennett R. Routine antenatal HIV testing and its implications for informed consent. Ethics and midwifery. 2nd edn.In: Frith L, Draper H, eds. Books for Midwives. London: Elsevier, 2004.
46. Lantos JD. Reconsidering ethics: day-to-day ethics in the work of medicine. In: Charon R, Montello M, eds. Stories Matter. The role of narrative in medical ethics. London: Routledge, 2002.
47. Department of Health. Good practice in consent: achieving the NHS Plan commitment to patient-centred consent practice, HSC 2001/ 023. London: Department of Health, 2001.
48. Coulter A. Paternalism or partnership? BMJ 1999; 319:719-20.
49. British HIV Association Pregnancy Guidelines 2005. http://www.bhiva.org (accessed 1 Mar 2007).
50. Lorenzi P, Spicher VM, Laubereou B, et al. Antiretrovirals in pregnancy: maternal, foetal and neonatal effects. AIDS 1998; 12:F241-7.
51. European Collaborative Study. Increased risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes in HIV-infected women treated with highly active antiretroviral therapy in Europe. AIDS 2004;14:2337-9.
52. Re C (HIV test) [1999] 2 FLR 1004.
53. World Health Organization. Violence against women and HIV/AIDS: setting the research agenda. Geneva: World Health Orgnization, 2000.
54. European Collaborative Study. Exposure to antiretroviral therapy in utero or early life: the health of uninfected children born to HIV-infected women. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2003; 32:380-7.
55. Poirier MC, Divi RL, Al-Harthi L, et al. Long-term mitochondrial toxicity in HIV-uninfected infants born to HIV-infected mothers. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2003;33:175-83.