The global politics of human embryonic stem cell science

Global Governance

Volumn 13, Issue 2, 2007, Pages 277-298

  Salter, Brian ^a,b  

^a Department of Biopolitics ^*

^b UNIVERSITY OF EAST ANGLIA   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Bioethics; Governance; Human embryo; Regulation; Stem cells

Indexed keywords

EID: 34250713401     PISSN: 10752846     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1163/19426720-01302009     Document Type: Review

References (23)

1. B. Salter and M. Jones, "Human Genetic Technologies: European Governance and the Politics of Bioethics," Nature Reviews Genetics 3, no. 10 (2002): 808-814.
2. This is, in part, because it is difficult to transact without revealing some of one's knowledge: a transactional partner will need to be given some reason to pursue a transaction.
3. The classic analytic works on this point are K. Arrow, "Economic Welfare and the Allocation of Resources for Inventions," in R. Nelson, ed., The Rate and Direction of Inventive Activity: Economic and Social Factors (Princeton: Princeton University Press, for the NBER, 1962);
4. and R. Nelson, "The Simple Economics of Basic Scientific Research," Journal of Political Economy 67, no. 3 (1959): 297-306.
5. G. Grossman and E. Helpman, Innovation and Growth in the Global Economy (Cambridge: MIT Press, 1991).
6. Both surveys endeavor to cover the stem cell sector worldwide, though neither claims to provide a definitive list. The US-based authors of the 2004 survey admit that they have less data on companies outside the United States. See M. J. Lysaght and A. B. Hazlehurst, "Private Sector Development of Stem Cell Technology and Therapeutic Cloning," Tissue Engineering 9, no. 3 (2003): 555-561;
7. and 2004 Guide to Stem Cell Companies, Stem Cell Business News, Data Trends Publications, 2004.
8. The Singapore government is a major investor in ES Cell International, as discussed below, while "the majority of China's stem cell research funding-including money for a handful of startups - comes from the state." Red Herring, "China Rushes In," 20 June 2005, available at www.redherring.com/Article.aspx?a=12487 &hed= Stem+Cells%3a+China+Rushes+In++# (accessed 27 July 2005).
9. Marks and Clerk Patent and Trademark Attorneys, The Marks and Clerk Biotechnology Report 2005 (London: Marks and Clerk Patent and Trademark Attorneys, 2005.)
10. S. Gottlieb, "California's Stem Cell Follies," Forbes, 1 November 2004, p. 1, available at www.forbes.com/newsletter/2004/ll/01/cz_sg_l 101 soapbox.html (accessed 12 November 2004).
11. Numerically, this can be captured by calculating the standard deviation of the (percentage) return on each stock or index. For the period covered by the chart, the standard deviation of monthly returns on Geron stock is 0.35, demonstrating much higher volatility than either the Biotech index at 0.11 or the DJIA at 0.05.
12. J. S. Gold, "Stem Cell Stocks Take a Beating," CNNmone, 4 November 2004, available at: http://money.cnn.com/2004/11/04/news/midcaps/ stemcells/(accessed 12 November 2004).
13. M. Herper, "Hold Off on Investing in Stem Cells, Forbes, 13 August, 2001, available at www.forbes.com/2001/08/13/0813steminvest.html (accessed 12 November 2004).
14. B. Keefe, Stem Cell Bond Issue Could Boost California Biotech Role," Cox News Service, 24 October 2004, available at www.dailysentinel.com/health/ content/shared/news/stories/CALIF_STEMCELLS_ADV24_COX.html (accessed 27 July 2005).
15. See website Singapore: The Biopolis of Asia, "Major Venture Capital Injection of $17 Million into Regenerative Medicine," 11 August 2000, www.biomedsingapore.com/bms/sg/en_uk/index/newsroom/pressrelease/2000/ major_venture_ca pital.html (accessed 27 July 2005).
16. See website Red Herring: The Business of Technology, "The Stem Cell Research Gold Rush," 1 November 2004, www.redherring.com/Article.aspx?a= 10941 &hed=The+stem+cell+research+gold+rus.
17. A. Bock, D. Ibarreta, and E. Rodríguez-Cerezo, Human Tissue-engineered Products: Today's Markets and Future Prospects, Report EUR 21000 EN: 35 2003, Joint Research Centre, European Commission, European Science and Technology Observatory, available at www.jrc.es (accessed 10 October 2004).
18. See, for example, M. Mulkay, The Embryo Research Debate: Science and Politics of Reproduction (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997).
19. See R. Walters, Human Embryonic Stem Cell Research: An Intercultural Perspective, Kennedy Institute of Ethics Journal 14, no. 1 (2004): 3-38.
20. J. Galloux, A. Mortensen, S. de Cheveigne, A. Allansdottir, A. Chatjouli, and G. Sakellaris, "The Institutions of Bioethics," in M. W. Bauer and G. Gaskell, eds., Biotechnology: The Making of a Global Controversy (London: Science Museum, 2002).
21. B. Salter and M. Jones, "Biobanks and Bioethics: The Politics of Legitimation," Journal of European Public 12, no. 4 (2005): 710-732.
22. European Commission, DG Research, Survey on Opinions from National Ethics Committees or Similar Bodies, Public Debate and National Legislation in Relation to Human Embryonic Stem Cell Research and Use, vol. l, in EU Member States (Brussels: European Commission, 2004).
23. L. Walters, "The United Nations and Human Cloning: A Debate on Hold," Hastings Center Report (January-February 2004): 5-6;