Excess in precipitation as a cause for settlement decline along the Israeli coastal plain during the third millennium BC

Quaternary Research

Volumn 68, Issue 1, 2007, Pages 37-44

  Faust, Avraham ^a   Ashkenazy, Yosef ^b  

^a BAR ILAN UNIVERSITY   (Israel)

^b BEN GURION UNIVERSITY OF THE NEGEV   (Israel)

Author keywords

Archaeology; Coast; Early Bronze; Environment; Israel; Precipitation; Settlement

Indexed keywords

ARCHAEOLOGICAL EVIDENCE; COASTAL PLAIN; ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE; FLOODING; HUMAN SETTLEMENT; PRECIPITATION (CLIMATOLOGY);

ASIA; EURASIA; ISRAEL; MIDDLE EAST;

EID: 34250679020     PISSN: 00335894     EISSN: 10960287     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.yqres.2007.02.003     Document Type: Article

References (40)

1. Bar-Matthews M., Ayalon A., and Kaufman A. Late Quaternary paleoclimate in the Eastern Mediterranean region from stable isotope analysis of speleothems at Soreq Cave, Israel. Quaternary Research 47 (1997) 155-168
2. Bar-Matthews M., Ayalon A., and Kaufman A. Middle to late Holocene paleoclimate in the eastern Mediterranean region from stable isotopic composition of speleothems from Soreq Cave, Israel. In: Issar A.S., and Brown N. (Eds). Water Environment and Society in Times of Climatic Change (1998), Kluwer, Amsterdam 203-214
3. Ben-Tor A. The trade of the land of Israel during the early bronze age. In: Kedar B.Z., Dothan T., and Safrai S. (Eds). Commerce in Palestine Throughout the Ages (1990), Yad Ben Zvi, Jerusalem 3-20 (in Hebrew)
4. Ben-Tor A. The early bronze age. In: Ben-Tor A. (Ed). The Archaeology of Ancient Israel (1992), Yale University Press, New Haven 81-125
5. Bookman R., Enzel Y., Agnon A., and Stein M. Late Holocene lake levels of the Dead Sea. Geological Society of America 116 5-6 (2004) 555-571
6. Broshi M. Methodology of population estimates: the Roman-Byzantine period as a case study. In: Biran A. (Ed). Biblical Archaeology Today 1990 (1993), Israel Exploration Society, Jerusalem 420-425
7. Broshi M., and Finkelstein I. The population of Palestine in Iron Age II. Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research 287 (1992) 47-60
8. Broshi M., and Gophna R. The settlements and population of Palestine during the early bronze age II-III. Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research 253 (1984) 41-53
9. Broshi M., and Gophna R. Middle bronze age II Palestine: its settlements and population. Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research 261 (1986) 73-90
10. Cameron C.M., and Tomka S.A. Abandonment of Settlements and Regions: Ethnoarchaeological and Archaeological Approaches (1993), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
11. Cohen-Seffer R., Greenbaum N., Sivan D., Jull T., Barmeir E., Croitoru S., and Inbar M. Late Pleistocene-Holocene marsh episodes along the Carmel Coast, Israel. Quaternary International 140-141 (2005) 103-120
12. Enzel Y., Bookman (Ken-Tor) R., Sharon D., Gvirtzman H., Dayan U., Ziv B., and Stein M. Late Holocene climates of the Near East deduced from Dead Sea level variations and modern regional winter rainfall. Quaternary Research 60 (2003) 263-273
13. Faust A., and Safrai Z. Salvage excavations as a source for reconstructing settlement history in ancient Israel. Palestine Exploration Quarterly 137 (2005) 139-158
14. Finkelstein I. Two notes on the Early Bronze Age urbanization and urbanism. Tel-Aviv 22 (1995) 47-69
15. Frumkin A., Magaritz M., Carmi I., and Zak I. The Holocene climatic record of the salt caves of Mount Sedom, Israel. The Holocene 1 3 (1991) 191-200
16. Frumkin A., Ford D.C., and Schwarcz H.P. Continental oxygen isotopic record of the last 170,000 years in Jerusalem. Quaternary Research 51 (1999) 317-327
17. Frumkin A., Kadan G., Enzel Y., and Eyal Y. Radiocarbon chronology of the Holocene Dead Sea: attempting a regional correlation. Radiocarbon 43 3 (2001) 1179-1189
18. Gophna R. The Intermediate Bronze Age. In: Ben Tor A. (Ed). The Archaeology of Ancient Israel (1992), Yale University Press, New Haven 126-158
19. Grossman D. Arab Demography and Early Jewish Settlement in Palestine: Distribution and Population Density During the Late Ottoman and Early Mandate Periods (2004), Magnes Press, Jerusalem
20. Gvirtzman G., Netser M., and Katsav E. Last-glacial to Holocene kurkar ridges, hamra soils, and dune fields in the coastal belt of central Israel. Israel Journal of Earth Sciences 47 (1998) 29-46
21. Horowitz A. The Quaternary of Israel (1979), Academic Press, New York
22. Horowitz, A., in press. Palynology at Assawir: Advance of marshes as a possible cause for settlement desertion. In: Yannai, E. (Ed.), Ein Assawir: Excavations at a Protohistoric Site and Adjacent Cemetery in the Coastal Plain, Israel. Israel Antiquity Authority, Jerusalem.
23. Huntington E. Palestine and Its Transformations (1911), Houghton and Mifflin, Boston
24. Issar A.S. Climatic-change and the history of the Middle-East. American Scientist 83 4 (1995) 350-355
25. Issar A.S. Climate Changes During the Holocene and Their Impact on Hydrological Systems (2003), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
26. Karmon Y. Geographical conditions in the Sharon plain and their impact on its settlement. Studies in the Geography of Israel 1 (1959) 111-133 (In Hebrew)
27. 13C in Lake Lisan aragonites. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 69 (2005) 4045-4060
28. Marcus E. Early seafaring and maritime activity in the southern levant from prehistory through the third millennium bce. In: van den Brink E.C.M., and Levy T.E. (Eds). Egypt and the Levant: Interrelations From the Fourth Through the Early Third Millennium BCE (2002), Leicester University Press, London-New York 403-417
29. Migowski C., Stein M., Prasad S., Negendank J.F.W., and Agnon A. Holocene climate variability and cultural evolution in the Near East from the Dead Sea sedimentary record. Quaternary Research 66 (2006) 421-431
30. Portugali J., and Gophna R. Crisis, progress and urbanization: the transition from Early Bronze I to Early Bronze II in Palestine. Tel-Aviv 20 (1993) 164-186
31. Ritter-Kaplan H. The impact of drought on third millennium B.C. cultures on the basis of excavations in the Tel-Aviv exhibition grounds. Zeitschrift des Deutschen Palastina-Vereins 100 (1984) 2-8
32. Rosen A. Environmental change and settlement at Tel Lachish, Israel. Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research 263 (1986) 55-60
33. Rosen A.M., and Rosen S.A. Determinist or not determinist?: Climate, environment, and archaeological explanation in the Levant. In: Wolff S.R. (Ed). Studies in the Archaeology of Israel and Neighboring Lands, in Memory of Douglas L. Esse (2001), The Oriental Institute and ASOR, Chicago 535-549
34. Rubin R. The debate over climatic changes in the Negev 4th-7th centuries B.C. Palestine Exploration Quarterly 121 (1989) 71-78
35. Sivan D. Paleoclimate of the Akko Area in Holocene period. Third Annual Coastal Conference (1982) 51-63 Haifa
36. In: Stern E. (Ed). The New Encyclopedia of Archaeological Excavations in the Holy Land (1993), Israel Exploration Society, Jerusalem
37. Stieglitz R.R. Long distance seafaring in the ancient Near East. Biblical Archeologist 47 (1984) 134-142
38. Tsoar H. Geomorphology and paleogeography of sand dunes that have formed the kurkar ridges in the coastal plain of Israel. Israel Journal of Earth Sciences 49 (2000) 189-196
39. Weiss H., and Bradley R.S. What drives societal collapse?. Science 291 (2001) 609-610
40. Yannai E. The northern Sharon in the Chalcolithic period and the beginning of the Early Bronze Age in light of the excavations at 'Ein Assawir'. In: van den Brink E.C.M., and Yannai E. (Eds). In Quest of Ancient Settlements and Landscapes: Archaeological Studies in Honour of Ram Gophna (2002), Ramot, Tel-Aviv 65-85