Magnetic resonance-based female pelvic anatomy as relevant for maternal childbirth injury simulations

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

Volumn 1101, Issue , 2007, Pages 361-376

  Hoyte, Lennox ^a,b   Damaser, Margot S ^c,d  

^a UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH FLORIDA   (United States)

^b TAMPA GENERAL HOSPITAL   (United States)

^c LERNER RESEARCH INSTITUTE   (United States)

^d LOUIS STOKES CLEVELAND VA MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

3D pelvic anatomy; Childbirth related injury; Female pelvic floor dysfunction; Pelvic floor innervation; Pelvic organ prolapse; Urinary incontinence

Indexed keywords

ANATOMICAL VARIATION; BLADDER; CHILDBIRTH; CLINICAL ASSESSMENT; CONFERENCE PAPER; ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY; EPIDEMIOLOGICAL DATA; FEMALE; HUMAN; LEVATOR ANI MUSCLE; MATHEMATICAL MODEL; NEUROMUSCULAR SYSTEM; NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; NULLIPARA; PECTORALIS MAJOR MUSCLE; PELVIC ORGAN PROLAPSE; PELVIS; PELVIS FLOOR; PELVIS INJURY; PRIMIPARA; PUERPERIUM; RECTUM; SIMULATION; THREE DIMENSIONAL IMAGING; URETHRA; VAGINA; VAGINAL DELIVERY; BIRTH; HISTOLOGY; PATHOLOGY; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PHYSIOLOGY; PREGNANCY; REVIEW;

FEMALE; HUMANS; MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; PARTURITION; PELVIC FLOOR; PELVIS; PREGNANCY;

EID: 34250666689     PISSN: 00778923     EISSN: 17496632     Source Type: Book Series    
DOI: 10.1196/annals.1389.018     Document Type: Conference Paper

References (45)

1. THOM, D. 1998. Variation in estimates of urinary incontinence prevalence in the community: effects of differences in definition, population characteristics, and study type. J. Amer. Geriatr. Soc. 46: 473-480.
2. WILSON, L., J.S. BROWN, G.P. SHIN, et al. 2001. Annual direct cost of urinary incontinence. Obstet. Gynecol. 98: 398-406.
3. SAMUELSSON, E.C., F.T. ARNE-VICTOR, G. TIBBIN & K.F. SVARDSUDD. 1999. Signs of genital prolapse in a Swedish population of women 20 to 59 years of age and possible related factors. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 180: 299-305.
4. WILCOX, L.S., L.M. KOONIN, R. POKRAS, et al. 1994. Hysterectomy in the United States 1988-1990. Obstet. Gynecol. 83: 549-555.
5. SUBAK, L.L., L.E. WAETJEN, S. VAN DEN EEDEN, et al. 2001. Cost of pelvic organ prolapse surgery in the United States. Obstet. Gynecol. 98: 646-651.
6. OLSEN, A.L., V.J. SMITH, J.O. BERGSTROM, et al. 1997. Epidemiology of surgically managed pelvic organ prolapse and urinary incontinence. Obstet. Gynecol. 89: 501-506.
7. ALLEN, R.E., G.L. HOSKER, A.R.B. SMITH & D.W. WARREL. 1990. Pelvic floor damage and childbirth: a neurophysiological study. Br. J. Obstet. Gynaecol. 97: 770-779.
8. DELANCEY, J.O.L., R. KEARNEY, Q. CHOU, et al. 2003. The appearance of levator ani muscle abnormalities in magnetic resonance images after vaginal delivery. Obstet. Gynecol. 101: 46-53.
9. DIETZ, H.P. & M.J. BENNETT. 2003. The effect of childbirth on pelvic organ mobility. Obstet. Gynecol. 102: 223-228.
10. GREGORY, W.T., J. LOU, A. STUYVESANT & A.L. CLARK. 2004. Quantitative electromyography of the anal sphincter after uncomplicated vaginal delivery. Obstet. Gynecol. 104: 327-335.
11. SNOOKS, S.J., M. SWASH, S.E. MATHERS & M.M. HENRY. 1990. Effect of vaginal delivery on the pelvic floor: a 5-year follow-up. Br. J. Surg. 77: 1358-1360.
12. MARTIN, J.A., M.M. PARK & P.D. SUTTON. 2002. Births: preliminary data for 2001. Natl. Vital Stat. Rep. 2002 50: 1-20.
13. MENACKER, F. & S.C. CURTIN. 2001. Trends in cesarean birth and vaginal birth after previous. Natl. Vital Stat. Rep. 2001 49: 1-16.
14. HENDRIX, S.L., A. CLARK, I. NYGAARD, et al. 2002. Pelvic organ prolapse in the women's health initiative: gravity and gravidity. Am J Obstet. Gynecol. 186: 1160-1166.
15. MADOFF, R.D., J.G. WILLIAMS & P.F. CAUSHAJ. 1992. Fecal incontinence. N. Engl. J. Med. 326: 1002-1007.
16. BUCHSBAUM, G.M., M. CHIN, C. GLANTZ & D. GUZICK. 2002. Prevalence of urinary incontinence and associated risk factors in a cohort of nuns. Obstet. Gynecol. 100: 226-229.
17. LIEN, K-C., B. MOONEY, J.O.L. DEL ANCEY & J.A. ASHTON-MILLER. 2004. Levator ani muscle stretch induced by simulated vaginal birth. Obstet. Gynecol. 103: 31-40.
18. DELANCEY, J.O. 1990. Anatomy and physiology of urinary continence. Clin. Obstet. Gynecol. 33: 298-307.
19. STROHBEHN, K., J. ELLIS, J.A. STROHBEHN & J.O.L. DELANCEY. 1996. Magnetic resonance imaging of the levator ani with anatomic correlation. Obstet. Gynecol. 87: 277-285.
20. AGUR, A.M.R. & A.F. DALLEY. 2005. Grants Atlas of Anatomy. (vol 1). Lippincott, Williams and Wilkins. Philadelphia.
21. DELANCEY, J.O.L. 2000. Anatomy. In Textbook of Female Urology and Urogynecology. L. Cardozo & D. Staskin, Eds.: (vol 1). Martin Dunitz, London.
22. DELANCEY, J.O.L. 1992. Three dimensional analysis of urethral support: "The hammock hypothesis." Neurourol. Urodynam. 11: 306-308.
23. HUNDLEY, A.F., J.R. FIELDING & L. HOYTE. 2001. Double cervix and vagina with septate uterus: an uncommon mullerian. Obstet. Gynecol. 98: 982-985.
24. HOYTE, L., L. SCHIERLITZ, K. ZOU, et al. 2001. Two and 3 dimensional MRI comparison of levator ani structure, volume and integrity in women with stress incontinence and prolapse. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 185: 11-19.
25. KEGEL, A.H. 1948. Progressive resistance exercise in the functional restoration of the perineal muscles. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 56: 238.
26. BRINK, C.A., T.J. WELLS, C.M. SAMPSELLE, et al. 1994. A digital test for pelvic muscle strength in women with urinary incontinence. Nurs. Res. 43: 352-356.
27. WEIDNER, A.C., M.D. BARBER, A.G. VISCO, et al. 2000. Pelvic muscle electromyography of levator ani and external anal sphincter in nulliparous women and women with pelvic floor dysfunction. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 183: 1390-1399; discussion 1399-1401.
28. KENTON, K., M.P. FITZGERALD & L. BRUBAKER. 2005. Striated urethral sphincter activity does not alter urethral pressure during filling cystometry. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 192: 55-59.
29. KENTON, K., S. MAHAJAN, M.P. FITZGERALD & L. BRUBAKER. 2006. Recurrent stress incontinence is associated with decreased neuromuscular function in the striated urethral sphincter. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 194: 1434-1437.
30. DELANCEY, J.O., R. KEARNEY, Q. CHOU, et al. 2003. The appearance of levator ani muscle abnormalities in magnetic resonance images after vaginal delivery. Obstet. Gynecol. 101: 46-53.
31. MILLER, J.M., W.H. UMEK, J.O. DELANCEY & J.A. ASHTON-MILLER. 2004. Can women without visible pubococcygeal muscle in MR images still increase urethral closure pressures? Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 191: 171-175.
32. SNOOKS, S.J., M. SWASH, M.M. HENRY & M. SETCHELL. 1986. Risk factors in childbirth causing damage to the pelvic floor innervation. Int. J. Colorect. Dis. 1: 20-24.
33. BARBER, M.D., R.E. BRENNER, K.B. THOR, et al. 2002. Innervation of the female levator ani muscles. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 187: 64-71.
34. BENSON, J.T. 1994. Neurophysiology of the female pelvic floor. Curr. Opin. Obstet. Gynecol. 6: 320-323.
35. SWASH, M. 1990. The neurogenic hypothesis of stress incontinence. Ciba Foundation Symposium (vol. 151).
36. LEE, S.J. & J.W. PARK. 2000. Follow-up evaluation of the effect of vaginal delivery on the pelvic floor. Dis. Colon Rectum 43: 1550-1555.
37. TETZSCHNERT, M. SORENSEN, L. JONSSON, et al. 1997. Delivery and pudendal nerve function. Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica 76: 324-331.
38. OLSEN, A.L., M. ROSS, R.B. STANSFIELD & C. KREITER. 2003. Pelvic floor nerve conduction studies: establishing clinically relevant normative data. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 189: 1114-1119.
39. SNOOKS, S.J., P.R.H. BARNES & M. SWASH. 1984. Damage to the innervation of the voluntary anal and periurethral sphincter musculature in incontinence: an electrophysiological study. J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry 47: 1269-1273.
40. THIND, P. & G. LOSE. 1992. The effect of bilateral pudendal blockade on the static urethral closure function in healthy females. Obstet. Gynecol. 80: 906-911.
41. LOSE, G. 1989. Mechanical properties of the urethra in females with genuine stress incontinence: static measurements in the resting urethra. Neurourol. Urodyn. 8: 461-472.
42. SNOOKS, S.J., M. SWASH, M. SETCHELL & M.M. HENRY. 1984. Injury to innervation of pelvic floor sphincter musculature in childbirth. Lancet 2: 546-550.
43. CLARK, M.H., M. SCOTT, V. VOGT & J.T. BENSON. 2001. Monitoring pudendal nerve function during labor. Obstet. Gynecol. 97: 637-639.
44. WEIDNER, A.C., V. BRANHAM, M.M. SOUTH, et al. 2006. Injury to the levator ani occurs in 1 in 4 primiparous women. J. Pelvic Med. Surg. 12: 75.
45. RORTVEIT, G., A.K. DALTVEIT, Y.S. HANNESTAD & S. HUNSKAAR. 2003. Urinary incontinence after vaginal delivery or cesarean section. NEJM 348: 900-907.