Memory enhancing drugs and Alzheimer's Disease: Enhancing the self or preventing the loss of it?

Medicine, Health Care and Philosophy

Volumn 10, Issue 2, 2007, Pages 141-151

  Dekkers, Wim ^a   Rikkert, Marcel Olde ^a  

^a RADBOUD UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER   (Netherlands)

Author keywords

Alzheimer's Disease; Dementia; Memory enhancing drugs; Neuroethics; The self

Indexed keywords

CHOLINESTERASE INHIBITOR;

ALZHEIMER DISEASE; ARTICLE; DRUG EFFECT; EGO; HUMAN; MEDICAL ETHICS; MEMORY; PHILOSOPHY;

ALZHEIMER DISEASE; CHOLINESTERASE INHIBITORS; EGO; ETHICS, MEDICAL; HUMANS; MEMORY; PHILOSOPHY, MEDICAL;

EID: 34250655339     PISSN: 13867423     EISSN: 15728633     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s11019-007-9055-5     Document Type: Article

References (43)

1. Bailey, R.: 2003, 'The Battle for Your Brain', Reason, February 2003. (http://www.nootropics.com/smartdrugs/nootropic.html; accessed on June 7, 2006)
2. Beglinger L.J., Gaydos B.L., Kareken D.A., Tangphao-Daniels O., Siemers E.R., Mohs R.C.: 2004, 'Neuropsychological Test Performance in Healthy Volunteers Before and After Donepezil Administration', Journal of Psychopharmacology 18(1), 102-108
3. Beglinger L.J., Tangphao-Daniels O., Kareken D.A., Zhang L., Mohs R., Siemers E.R.: 2005, 'Neuropsychological Test Performance in Healthy Elderly Volunteers Before and after Donepezil Administration: A Randomized Controlled Study', Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology 25(2), 159-165.
4. Breithaupt H., Weigmann K.: 2004, 'Manipulating your Mind. What will Science Discover About our Brains, and How are we Going to Deal With it?', EMBO reports 5(3), 230-232
5. Chatterjee A.: 2004, 'Cosmetic Neurology: The Controversy over Enhancing Movement, Mentation, and Mood', Neurology 63(6), 968-974
6. DeGrazia D.: 2000, 'Prozac, Enhancement and Self-creation', Hastings Center Report 30(2), 34-40
7. Dekkers W.J.M.: 2004, 'Autonomy and the Lived Body in Cases of Severe Dementia', In: Ruth B. Purtilo, Henk A.M.J. ten Have (eds.), Ethical Foundations of Palliative Care for Alzheimer Disease. Baltimore & London: The Johns Hopkins University Press, pp. 115-130
8. Dekkers, W.J.M. and M.O.R. Olde Rikkert: 2006, 'What Is a Genetic Cause? The Case of Alzheimer's Disease', Medicine, Health Care and Philosophy 9(3), 2006, 273-284
9. Farah M.J.: 2005, 'Neuroethics: The Practical and the Philosophical', TRENDS in Cognitive Sciences 9(1), 34-40.
10. Farah M.J., Wolpe P.R.: 2004, 'Monitoring and Manipulating Brain Function: New Neuroscience Technologies and their Ethical Implications', Hastings Center Report 34(3), 35-45
11. Farah M.J., Illes J., Cook-Deegan R., Gardner H., Kandel E., King P., Parens E., Sahakian B.J., Wolpe P.R.: 2004, 'Neurocognitive Enhancement: What can We do? What should We do?', Nature Reviews Neuroscience 5, 412-425
12. Gerlai R.: 2003, 'Memory Enhancement: The Progress and Our Fears', Genes, Brain and Behavior 2, 187-188
13. Gordijn B.: 2006, Medical Utopias. Ethical Observations. Louvain, Paris & Dudley, MA: Peeters Publishers
14. Heyn P., Abreu B.C., Ottenbacher K.J.: 2004, 'The Effects of Exercise Training on Elderly Persons with Cognitive Impairment and Dementia: A Meta-Analysis', Archives. of Physical Medicine and Rehabiliation 85, 1694-1704
15. Juengst E.T.: 1998, 'What Does Enhancement Mean?', In: E. Parens (ed.), 1998, Enhancing Human Traits: Ethical and Social Implications. Washington DC: Georgetown University Press, pp. 29-47
16. Kandel E.: 2005, 'The Future of Memory', Molecular Interventions 5(2), 65-68
17. Kass, L.: 2003, 'Ageless Bodies, Happy Souls: Biotechnology and the Pursuit of Perfection', The New Atlantis, Spring 2003, 9-28
18. Kinsella E.A.: 2005, 'Constructions of Self: Ethical Overtones in Surprising Locations', Journal of Medical Ethics; Medical Humanities 31, 67-71
19. Ledoux J.E.: 2002, Synaptic Self. How Our Brains Become Who We Are. New York: Viking
20. Ledoux, J.E: 2003, 'The Self. Clues from the Brain', in: Ledoux, J.E., Debiec, J.F Moss, H. (eds.): 2003, The Self: from Soul to Brain. New York: Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, pp. 295-304
21. Lynch G.: 2002, 'Memory Enhancement: The Search for Mechanism-Based Drugs', Nature neuroscience supplement 5, 1035-1038
22. Marshall E.: 2004, 'A Star-Studded Search for Memory-Enhancing Drugs', Science 304, 36-38
23. Mason D.J., Kohn M.L., Clark K.A.: 2001, The Memory Workbook: Breakthrough Techniques to Exercise Your Brain and Improve Your Memory. Oakland, CA: New Harbinger Publications
24. Mehlman M.J.: 2004, 'Cognition-Enhancing Drugs', The Milbank Quarterly 82(3), 483-506
25. Parens, E. (ed.): 1998a, Enhancing Human Traits: Ethical and Social Implications. Washington DC: Georgetown University Press
26. Parens E.: 1998b, 'Is Better Always Good?', In: E. Parens (ed.), Enhancing Human Traits: Ethical and Social Implications. Washington DC: Georgetown University Press, pp. 1-28
27. Petersen R.C., Doody R., Kurz A., Mohs R.C., Morris J.C., Rabins P.V., Ritchie K., Rossor M., Thal L., Winblad B.: 2001, 'Current Concepts in Mild Cognitive Impairment', Archives of Neurology 58(12), 1985-1992
28. Petersen R.C., Thomas R.G., Grundman M., Bennett D., Doody R., Ferris S., Galasko D., Jin S., Kaye J., Levey A., Pfeiffer E., Sano M., van Dyck. C.H., Thal L.J.: Alzheimer's Disease Cooperative Study Group: 2005, 'Vitamin E and Donepezil for the Treatment of Mild Cognitive Impairment', New England Journal of Medicine 352(23), 2379-2388
29. The President's Council on Bioethics (PCBE): 2003, Beyond Therapy: Biotechnology and the Pursuit of Happiness. New York: Harper Collins
30. The President's Council on Bioethics (PCBE): 2005, Staff working paper: "Better" memories? The Promise and perils of Pharmacological Interventions. http://www.bio-ethicsprint.bioethics.gov/background/ better_memories.html; accessed on June 7, 2006)
31. Ricoeur P.: 1992, Oneself as Another. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press
32. Rose S.P.R.: 2002, '"Dmart drugs": do They Work? are They Ethical? will They be Legal?', Nature Reviews Neuroscience 3, 975-979
33. Rose S.P.R.: 2004, The Making of Memory. London, UK: Cape
34. Rose S.P.R.: 2005a, 'Human Agency in the Neurocentric Age', EMBO reports 6(11), 1001-1005
35. Rose, S.: 2005b, 'No Way To Treat The Mind', http://www.nootropics.com/ sceptic/index.html; accessed on June 8, 2006
36. Russo, E.: 2002, 'Seeking Smart Drugs', The Scientist 16 (21/27) Oct. 28 (http://www.nootropics.com/smartdrugs/smart-drug.html; accessed on June 7, 2006)
37. Schacter D.L.: 2001, The Seven Sins of Memory. How the mind forgets and remembers. Boston/New York: Houghton Mifflin Company
38. Simard M., Van Reekum R.: 1999, 'Memory Assessment in Studies of Cognition-Enhancing Drugs for Alzheimer's Disease', Drugs and Aging 14(3), 197-230
39. Small G.: 2002, The Memory Bible. An Innovative Strategy for Keeping your Brain Young. New York: Hyperion
40. Svenaeus, F.: 2007, 'Do Antidepressants Affect the Self? A Phenomenological Approach', Medicine, Health Care and Philosophy 10(2) doi: 10.1007/s11019-007-9060-8
41. Vos, R.: 1989, Drugs Looking for Diseases: A Descriptive Model for the Process of Innovative Drug Research with Special Reference to the Development of the Beta Blockers and the Calcium Antagonists. Groningen: PhD thesis
42. Whitehouse P.J., Juengst E., Mehlman M., Murray, Th.: 1997, 'Enhancing Cognition in the Intellectually Intact', Hastings Center Report 37(3), 14-22
43. Whitehouse P.J.: 2000, 'History and Future of Alzheimer Disease', In: P.J. Whitehouse K. Maurer J.F. Ballenger (eds.), Concepts of Alzheimer Disease. Biological, Clinical, and Cultural Perspectives. Baltimore & London: The Johns Hopkins University Press, pp. 291-305