메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 43, Issue 4, 2007, Pages 524-530

Automatic and controlled uses of memory in Alzheimer's disease

Author keywords

Alzheimer's disease; Automatic memory processes; Process dissociation procedure; Stem completion

Indexed keywords

AGED; ALZHEIMER DISEASE; ARTICLE; CLINICAL ARTICLE; CONTROLLED STUDY; FEMALE; HUMAN; MALE; MEMORY; PROBABILITY; TASK PERFORMANCE; VERBAL MEMORY; WORD RECOGNITION;

EID: 34250623595     PISSN: 00109452     EISSN: 00109452     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0010-9452(08)70246-6     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (5)

References (60)
  • 1
    • 84947132097 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • BECK AT. Beck Depression Inventory. San Antonio: Psychological Corporation, 1996.
    • BECK AT. Beck Depression Inventory. San Antonio: Psychological Corporation, 1996.
  • 2
    • 0034153902 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • MASSON ME and CALDWELL JI. Evidence for a generate-recognize model of episodic influences on word-stem completion
    • BODNER GE, MASSON ME and CALDWELL JI. Evidence for a generate-recognize model of episodic influences on word-stem completion. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 26: 267-293, 2000.
    • (2000) Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition , vol.26 , pp. 267-293
    • BODNER, G.E.1
  • 3
    • 0028905795 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • CARLESIMO GA, FADDA L, MARFIA GA and CALTAGIRONE C. Explicit memory and repetition priming in dementia: Evidence for a common basic mechanism underlying conscious and unconscious retrieval deficits. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 17: 44-57, 1995.
    • CARLESIMO GA, FADDA L, MARFIA GA and CALTAGIRONE C. Explicit memory and repetition priming in dementia: Evidence for a common basic mechanism underlying conscious and unconscious retrieval deficits. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 17: 44-57, 1995.
  • 4
    • 0023992777 scopus 로고
    • O'CONNOR M and BLEICH RP. The implicit memory ability of a patient with amnesia due to encephalitis
    • CERMAK LS, BLACKFORD SP, O'CONNOR M and BLEICH RP. The implicit memory ability of a patient with amnesia due to encephalitis. Brain and Cognition, 7: 145-156, 1988.
    • (1988) Brain and Cognition , vol.7 , pp. 145-156
    • CERMAK, L.S.1    BLACKFORD, S.P.2
  • 5
    • 0026949140 scopus 로고
    • SWEENEY M and JACOBY LL. Fluency versus conscious recollection in the word completion performance of amnesic patients
    • CERMAK LS, VERFAELLIE M, SWEENEY M and JACOBY LL. Fluency versus conscious recollection in the word completion performance of amnesic patients. Brain and Cognition, 20: 367-377, 1992.
    • (1992) Brain and Cognition , vol.20 , pp. 367-377
    • CERMAK, L.S.1    VERFAELLIE, M.2
  • 6
    • 0029299033 scopus 로고
    • T and HINTZMAN DL. Violations of the independence assumption in process dissociation
    • CURRAN T and HINTZMAN DL. Violations of the independence assumption in process dissociation. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 21: 531-547, 1995.
    • (1995) Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition , vol.21 , pp. 531-547
    • CURRAN1
  • 7
    • 0028399064 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • DEBNER JA and JACOBY LL. Unconscious perception: Attention, awareness, and control. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 20: 304-317, 1994.
    • DEBNER JA and JACOBY LL. Unconscious perception: Attention, awareness, and control. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 20: 304-317, 1994.
  • 8
    • 73649175004 scopus 로고
    • The Token Test: A sensitive test to detect disturbances in aphasics
    • DE RENZI E and VIGNOLO LA. The Token Test: A sensitive test to detect disturbances in aphasics. Brain, 86: 665-678, 1962.
    • (1962) Brain , vol.86 , pp. 665-678
    • RENZI E, D.E.1    VIGNOLO, L.A.2
  • 9
    • 0028203973 scopus 로고
    • AGID Y and DUBOIS B. Explicit memory, procedural learning and lexical priming in Alzheimer's disease
    • DEWEER B, ERGIS AM, FOSSATI P, PILLON B, BOLLER F, AGID Y and DUBOIS B. Explicit memory, procedural learning and lexical priming in Alzheimer's disease. Cortex, 30: 113-126, 1994.
    • (1994) Cortex , vol.30 , pp. 113-126
    • DEWEER, B.1    ERGIS, A.M.2    FOSSATI, P.3    PILLON, B.4    BOLLER, F.5
  • 10
    • 0032786380 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • FILLMORE MT, VOGEL-SPROTT M and GAVRILESCU D. Alcohol effects on intentional behavior: Dissociating controlled and automatic influences. Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology, 7: 372-378, 1999.
    • FILLMORE MT, VOGEL-SPROTT M and GAVRILESCU D. Alcohol effects on intentional behavior: Dissociating controlled and automatic influences. Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology, 7: 372-378, 1999.
  • 11
    • 0026489639 scopus 로고
    • BUTTERS N and SALMON DP. Directed and divided attention in Alzheimer's disease: Impairment in shifting attention to global and local stimuli
    • FILOTEO JV, DELIS DC, MASSMAN PJ, DEMADURA T, BUTTERS N and SALMON DP. Directed and divided attention in Alzheimer's disease: Impairment in shifting attention to global and local stimuli. Journal of Clinical Neuropsychology, 14: 871-883, 1992.
    • (1992) Journal of Clinical Neuropsychology , vol.14 , pp. 871-883
    • FILOTEO, J.V.1    DELIS, D.C.2    MASSMAN, P.J.3    DEMADURA, T.4
  • 12
    • 0031966574 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • FLEISCHMAN DA and GABRIELI JD. Repetition priming in normal aging and Alzheimer's disease: A review of findings and theories. Psychology and Aging, 13: 88-119, 1998.
    • FLEISCHMAN DA and GABRIELI JD. Repetition priming in normal aging and Alzheimer's disease: A review of findings and theories. Psychology and Aging, 13: 88-119, 1998.
  • 13
    • 0016823810 scopus 로고
    • FOLSTEIN SE and MCHUGH PR. Mini-Mental State: A practical guide for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician
    • FOLSTEIN MF, FOLSTEIN SE and MCHUGH PR. Mini-Mental State: A practical guide for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 12: 189-198, 1975.
    • (1975) Journal of Psychiatric Research , vol.12 , pp. 189-198
    • FOLSTEIN, M.F.1
  • 14
    • 0028269107 scopus 로고
    • CORKIN S and GROWDON JH. Dissociations among structural-perceptual, lexical-semantic, and event-fact memory systems in Alzheimer, amnesic, and normal subjects
    • GABRIELI JD, KEANE MM, STANGER BZ, KIELGAARD MM, CORKIN S and GROWDON JH. Dissociations among structural-perceptual, lexical-semantic, and event-fact memory systems in Alzheimer, amnesic, and normal subjects. Cortex, 30: 75-103, 1994.
    • (1994) Cortex , vol.30 , pp. 75-103
    • GABRIELI, J.D.1    KEANE, M.M.2    STANGER, B.Z.3    KIELGAARD, M.M.4
  • 15
    • 84958380390 scopus 로고
    • P and KOMATSU S. Process dissociation procedure: Handle with caution!
    • GRAF P and KOMATSU S. Process dissociation procedure: Handle with caution! European Journal of Cognitive Psychology, 6: 114-129, 1994.
    • (1994) European Journal of Cognitive Psychology , vol.6 , pp. 114-129
    • GRAF1
  • 16
    • 0022100186 scopus 로고
    • P and SCHACTER DL. Implicit and explicit memory for new associations in normal and amnesic subjects
    • GRAF P and SCHACTER DL. Implicit and explicit memory for new associations in normal and amnesic subjects. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 11: 501-518, 1985.
    • (1985) Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition , vol.11 , pp. 501-518
    • GRAF1
  • 17
    • 0025063596 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • GRAFMAN J, WEINGARTNER H, LAWLOR B, MELLOW AM, THOMPSEN-PUTNAM K and SUNDERLAND T. Automatic memory processes in patients with dementia-Alzheimer's type (DAT). Cortex, 26: 361-371, 1990.
    • GRAFMAN J, WEINGARTNER H, LAWLOR B, MELLOW AM, THOMPSEN-PUTNAM K and SUNDERLAND T. Automatic memory processes in patients with dementia-Alzheimer's type (DAT). Cortex, 26: 361-371, 1990.
  • 18
    • 0035117138 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • GRATTAN KE and VOGEL-SPROTT M. Maintaining intentional control of behavior under alcohol. Alcohol: Clinical and Experimental Research, 25: 192-197, 2001.
    • GRATTAN KE and VOGEL-SPROTT M. Maintaining intentional control of behavior under alcohol. Alcohol: Clinical and Experimental Research, 25: 192-197, 2001.
  • 19
    • 0035211789 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • GRISART JM and VAN DER LINDEN M. Conscious and automatic uses of memory in chronic pain patients. Pain, 94: 305-313, 2001.
    • GRISART JM and VAN DER LINDEN M. Conscious and automatic uses of memory in chronic pain patients. Pain, 94: 305-313, 2001.
  • 20
    • 0025443129 scopus 로고
    • WILSON RS and FOX JH. Preserved word-stem-completion priming of semantically encoded information in Alzheimer's disease
    • GROSSE DA, WILSON RS and FOX JH. Preserved word-stem-completion priming of semantically encoded information in Alzheimer's disease. Psychology and Aging, 5: 304-306, 1990.
    • (1990) Psychology and Aging , vol.5 , pp. 304-306
    • GROSSE, D.A.1
  • 21
    • 0016775648 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • HACHINSKI VC, ILIFF LD, ZILKHA E, DU BOULAY GH, MCALLISTER VL, MARSHALL J, RUSSELL TW and SYMON L. Cerebral blood flow in dementia. Archives of Neurology, 32: 632-637, 1975.
    • HACHINSKI VC, ILIFF LD, ZILKHA E, DU BOULAY GH, MCALLISTER VL, MARSHALL J, RUSSELL TW and SYMON L. Cerebral blood flow in dementia. Archives of Neurology, 32: 632-637, 1975.
  • 22
    • 0002056029 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • HALSTEAD WC and WEPMAN JM. The Halstead-Wepman Aphasia Screening Test. Journal of Speech and Hearing Disorders, 14: 9-15,1959.
    • HALSTEAD WC and WEPMAN JM. The Halstead-Wepman Aphasia Screening Test. Journal of Speech and Hearing Disorders, 14: 9-15,1959.
  • 23
    • 0030293614 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • HAY JF and JACOBY LL. Separating habit and recollection: Memory slips, process dissociations, and probability matching. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 22: 1323-1335, 1996.
    • HAY JF and JACOBY LL. Separating habit and recollection: Memory slips, process dissociations, and probability matching. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 22: 1323-1335, 1996.
  • 24
    • 0036129236 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • HAY JF, MOSCOVITCH M and LEVINE B. Dissociating habit and recollection: Evidence from Parkinson's disease, amnesia and focal lesion patients. Neuropsychologia, 40: 1324-1334, 2002.
    • HAY JF, MOSCOVITCH M and LEVINE B. Dissociating habit and recollection: Evidence from Parkinson's disease, amnesia and focal lesion patients. Neuropsychologia, 40: 1324-1334, 2002.
  • 25
    • 1442301585 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • HIRSHMAN E, FISHER J, HENTHORN T, ARNDT J and PASSANNANTE A. The effect of midazolam on conscious, controlled processing: Evidence from the process-dissociation procedure. Memory and Cognition, 31: 1181-1187, 2003.
    • HIRSHMAN E, FISHER J, HENTHORN T, ARNDT J and PASSANNANTE A. The effect of midazolam on conscious, controlled processing: Evidence from the process-dissociation procedure. Memory and Cognition, 31: 1181-1187, 2003.
  • 26
    • 33845310686 scopus 로고
    • A process dissociation framework: Separating automatic from intentional uses of memory
    • JACOBY LL. A process dissociation framework: Separating automatic from intentional uses of memory. Journal of Memory and Language, 30: 513-541, 1991.
    • (1991) Journal of Memory and Language , vol.30 , pp. 513-541
    • LL, J.1
  • 27
    • 0031602530 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Invariance in automatic influences of memory: Toward a user's guide for the process-dissociation procedure
    • JACOBY LL. Invariance in automatic influences of memory: Toward a user's guide for the process-dissociation procedure. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 24: 3-26, 1998,
    • (1998) Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition , vol.24 , pp. 3-26
    • JACOBY LL1
  • 28
    • 58149204982 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • JACOBY LL, TOTH JP and YONELINAS AP. Separating conscious and unconscious influences of memory: Measuring recollection. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 122: 139-154, 1993.
    • JACOBY LL, TOTH JP and YONELINAS AP. Separating conscious and unconscious influences of memory: Measuring recollection. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 122: 139-154, 1993.
  • 29
    • 0027616345 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • JENNINGS JM and JACOBY LL. Automatic versus intentional uses of memory: Aging, attention, and control. Psychology and Aging, 8: 283-293, 1993.
    • JENNINGS JM and JACOBY LL. Automatic versus intentional uses of memory: Aging, attention, and control. Psychology and Aging, 8: 283-293, 1993.
  • 30
    • 0031011819 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • JENNINGS JM and JACOBY LL. An opposition procedure for detecting age-related deficits in recollection: Telling effects of repetition. Psychology and Aging, 12: 352-361, 1997.
    • JENNINGS JM and JACOBY LL. An opposition procedure for detecting age-related deficits in recollection: Telling effects of repetition. Psychology and Aging, 12: 352-361, 1997.
  • 31
    • 21344480351 scopus 로고
    • S and MERIKLE PM. Independence or redundancy? Two models of conscious and unconscious influences
    • JOORDENS S and MERIKLE PM. Independence or redundancy? Two models of conscious and unconscious influences. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 122: 462-467, 1993.
    • (1993) Journal of Experimental Psychology: General , vol.122 , pp. 462-467
    • JOORDENS1
  • 32
    • 0022574965 scopus 로고
    • Controlled and automatic information processing in senile dementia: A review
    • JORM AF. Controlled and automatic information processing in senile dementia: A review. Psychological Medicine, 16: 77-88, 1986.
    • (1986) Psychological Medicine , vol.16 , pp. 77-88
    • JORM AF1
  • 33
    • 13044316710 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ROBERT P and POIRIER MF. Impairment of consciously controlled use of memory in schizophrenia
    • KAZES M, BERTHET L, DANION JM, AMADO I, WILLARD D, ROBERT P and POIRIER MF. Impairment of consciously controlled use of memory in schizophrenia. Neuropsychology, 13: 54-61, 1999.
    • (1999) Neuropsychology , vol.13 , pp. 54-61
    • KAZES, M.1    BERTHET, L.2    DANION, J.M.3    AMADO, I.4    WILLARD, D.5
  • 34
    • 0025804821 scopus 로고
    • GROWDON JH and CORKIN S. Evidence for a dissociation between perceptual and conceptual priming in Alzheimer's disease
    • KEANE MM, GABRIELI JD, FENNEMA AC, GROWDON JH and CORKIN S. Evidence for a dissociation between perceptual and conceptual priming in Alzheimer's disease. Behavorial Neuroscience, 105: 326-342, 1991.
    • (1991) Behavorial Neuroscience , vol.105 , pp. 326-342
    • KEANE, M.M.1    GABRIELI, J.D.2    FENNEMA, A.C.3
  • 35
    • 0028281184 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • KEANE MM, GABRIELI JD, GROWDON JH and CORKIN S. Priming in perceptual identification of pseudowords is normal in Alzheimer's disease. Neuropsychologia, 32: 343-356, 1994.
    • KEANE MM, GABRIELI JD, GROWDON JH and CORKIN S. Priming in perceptual identification of pseudowords is normal in Alzheimer's disease. Neuropsychologia, 32: 343-356, 1994.
  • 36
    • 0038372737 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • KIRCHNER TR and SAYETTE MA. Effects of alcohol on controlled and automatic memory processes. Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology, 11: 167-175, 2003.
    • KIRCHNER TR and SAYETTE MA. Effects of alcohol on controlled and automatic memory processes. Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology, 11: 167-175, 2003.
  • 37
    • 0031850837 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Controlled and automatic memory process in Alzheimer's disease
    • KNIGHT RG. Controlled and automatic memory process in Alzheimer's disease. Cortex, 34: 427-435, 1998.
    • (1998) Cortex , vol.34 , pp. 427-435
    • KNIGHT RG1
  • 38
    • 0031744898 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • KOIVISTO M, PORTIN R, SEINELA A and RINNE J. Automatic influences of memory in Alzheimer's disease. Cortex, 34: 209-219, 1998.
    • KOIVISTO M, PORTIN R, SEINELA A and RINNE J. Automatic influences of memory in Alzheimer's disease. Cortex, 34: 209-219, 1998.
  • 39
    • 0030871634 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • KOPELMAN MD and STANHOPE N. Rates of forgetting in organic amnesia following temporal lobe, diencephalic, or frontal lobe lesions. Neuropsychology, 11: 343-356, 1997.
    • KOPELMAN MD and STANHOPE N. Rates of forgetting in organic amnesia following temporal lobe, diencephalic, or frontal lobe lesions. Neuropsychology, 11: 343-356, 1997.
  • 40
    • 0035201046 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • YONELINAS AP and OBER BA. Conceptual implicit memory performance in Alzheimer's disease
    • LAZZARA MM, YONELINAS AP and OBER BA. Conceptual implicit memory performance in Alzheimer's disease. Neuropsychology, 15: 483-491, 2001.
    • (2001) Neuropsychology , vol.15 , pp. 483-491
    • LAZZARA, M.M.1
  • 41
    • 0035197273 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • LINSCOTT RJ and KNIGHT RG. Automatic hypernmesia and impaired recollection in schizophrenia. Neuropsychology, 15: 576-585, 2001.
    • LINSCOTT RJ and KNIGHT RG. Automatic hypernmesia and impaired recollection in schizophrenia. Neuropsychology, 15: 576-585, 2001.
  • 42
    • 0021271971 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • MCKHANN G, DRACHMAN D, FOLSTEIN MF, KATZMAN R, PRICE D and STADLAN EM. Clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease: Report of the NINCDS-ADRDA Work Group under the auspices of Department of Health and Human Services Task Force on Alzheimer's Disease. Neurology, 34: 939-944, 1984.
    • MCKHANN G, DRACHMAN D, FOLSTEIN MF, KATZMAN R, PRICE D and STADLAN EM. Clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease: Report of the NINCDS-ADRDA Work Group under the auspices of Department of Health and Human Services Task Force on Alzheimer's Disease. Neurology, 34: 939-944, 1984.
  • 43
    • 0029148814 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • MEIRAN N and JELICIC M. Implicit memory in Alzheimer's disease: A meta-analysis. Neuropsychology. 9: 291-303, 1995.
    • MEIRAN N and JELICIC M. Implicit memory in Alzheimer's disease: A meta-analysis. Neuropsychology. 9: 291-303, 1995.
  • 44
    • 0024453856 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • MORRIS JC, HEYMAN A, MOHS RC, HUGHES JP, VAN BELLE G, FILLENBAUM G, MELLITS ED and CLARK C. The Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease (CERAD). Part I. Clinical and neuropsychological assessment of Alzheimer's disease. Neurology, 39: 1159-1165, 1989.
    • MORRIS JC, HEYMAN A, MOHS RC, HUGHES JP, VAN BELLE G, FILLENBAUM G, MELLITS ED and CLARK C. The Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease (CERAD). Part I. Clinical and neuropsychological assessment of Alzheimer's disease. Neurology, 39: 1159-1165, 1989.
  • 45
    • 0022816660 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • MORRIS RG and KOPELMAN MD. The memory deficits in Alzheimer-type dementia: A review. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 38A: 575-602, 1986.
    • MORRIS RG and KOPELMAN MD. The memory deficits in Alzheimer-type dementia: A review. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 38A: 575-602, 1986.
  • 46
    • 0028435451 scopus 로고
    • Dissociations between word priming effects in normal subjects and patients with memory disorders: Multiple memory systems or retrieval?
    • OSTERGAARD AL. Dissociations between word priming effects in normal subjects and patients with memory disorders: Multiple memory systems or retrieval? Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 47A: 331-364, 1994.
    • (1994) Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology , vol.47 A , pp. 331-364
    • OSTERGAARD AL1
  • 47
    • 0025342024 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • PARTRIDGE FM, KNIGHT RG and FEEHAN M. Direct and indirect memory performance in patients with senile dementia. Psychological Medicine, 20: 111-118, 1990.
    • PARTRIDGE FM, KNIGHT RG and FEEHAN M. Direct and indirect memory performance in patients with senile dementia. Psychological Medicine, 20: 111-118, 1990.
  • 48
    • 3843128627 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • POMPEIA S, LUCCHESI LM, BUENO OF, MANZANO GM and TUFIK S. Zolpidem and memory: A study using the process-dissociation procedure. Psychopharmacology. 174: 327-333, 2004.
    • POMPEIA S, LUCCHESI LM, BUENO OF, MANZANO GM and TUFIK S. Zolpidem and memory: A study using the process-dissociation procedure. Psychopharmacology. 174: 327-333, 2004.
  • 50
    • 0029017557 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • RANDOLPH C, TIERNEY MC and CHASE TN. Implicit memory in Alzheimer's disease. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 17: 343-351, 1995.
    • RANDOLPH C, TIERNEY MC and CHASE TN. Implicit memory in Alzheimer's disease. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 17: 343-351, 1995.
  • 51
    • 0001758138 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • EM and TOTH JP. Process dissociations versus task dissociations: A controversy in progress
    • Underwood G Ed, New York: Oxford University Press
    • REINGOLD EM and TOTH JP. Process dissociations versus task dissociations: A controversy in progress. In Underwood G (Ed), Implicit Cognition. New York: Oxford University Press, 1996.
    • (1996) Implicit Cognition
    • REINGOLD1
  • 52
    • 0028107974 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • RUSSO R and SPINNLER H. Implicit verbal memory in Alzheimer's disease. Cortex, 30: 359-375, 1994.
    • RUSSO R and SPINNLER H. Implicit verbal memory in Alzheimer's disease. Cortex, 30: 359-375, 1994.
  • 53
    • 0031784564 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • SCARRABELOTTI M and CARROLL M. Awareness of remembering achieved through automatic and conscious processes in multiple sclerosis. Brain and Cognition, 38: 183-201, 1998.
    • SCARRABELOTTI M and CARROLL M. Awareness of remembering achieved through automatic and conscious processes in multiple sclerosis. Brain and Cognition, 38: 183-201, 1998.
  • 54
    • 0032864074 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • SCARRABELOTTI M and CARROLL M. Memory dissociation and metamemory in multiple sclerosis. Neuropsychologia, 37: 1335-1350, 1999.
    • SCARRABELOTTI M and CARROLL M. Memory dissociation and metamemory in multiple sclerosis. Neuropsychologia, 37: 1335-1350, 1999.
  • 55
    • 0033775005 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • M and NISSLEY HM. Effects of divided attention on automatic and controlled components of memory after severe closed-head injury
    • SCHMITTER-EDGECOMBE M and NISSLEY HM. Effects of divided attention on automatic and controlled components of memory after severe closed-head injury. Neuropsychology, 14: 559-569, 2000.
    • (2000) Neuropsychology , vol.14 , pp. 559-569
    • SCHMITTER-EDGECOMBE1
  • 56
    • 0037098636 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • SEINELA A, HAMALAINEN P, KOIVISTO M and RUUTIAINEN J. Conscious and unconscious uses of memory in multiple sclerosis. Journal of Neurological Science, 198: 79-85, 2002.
    • SEINELA A, HAMALAINEN P, KOIVISTO M and RUUTIAINEN J. Conscious and unconscious uses of memory in multiple sclerosis. Journal of Neurological Science, 198: 79-85, 2002.
  • 57
    • 0033636003 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • STAPLETON CL and ANDRADE J. An investigation of leaming during propofol sedation and anaesthesia using the process dissociation procedure. Anesthesiology, 93: 1418-1425, 2000.
    • STAPLETON CL and ANDRADE J. An investigation of leaming during propofol sedation and anaesthesia using the process dissociation procedure. Anesthesiology, 93: 1418-1425, 2000.
  • 58
    • 0029888028 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • JENNINGS JM and FINLAYSON AJ. Process dissociation procedure: Memory testing in populations with brain damage
    • STE-MARIE DM, JENNINGS JM and FINLAYSON AJ. Process dissociation procedure: Memory testing in populations with brain damage. Clinical Neuropsychologist, 10: 25-36, 1996.
    • (1996) Clinical Neuropsychologist , vol.10 , pp. 25-36
    • STE-MARIE, D.M.1
  • 59
    • 0028390536 scopus 로고
    • REINGOLD EM and JACOBY LL. Toward a redefinition of implicit memory: Process dissociations following elaborative processing and self-generation
    • TOTH JP, REINGOLD EM and JACOBY LL. Toward a redefinition of implicit memory: Process dissociations following elaborative processing and self-generation. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 20: 290-303, 1994.
    • (1994) Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition , vol.20 , pp. 290-303
    • TOTH, J.P.1
  • 60
    • 0029796313 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • VIDAILHET P, KAZES M, DANION JM, KAUFFMANN-MULLER F and GRANGE D. Effects of lorazepant and diazepam on conscious and automatic memory processes. Psychopharmacology, 127: 63-72, 1996.
    • VIDAILHET P, KAZES M, DANION JM, KAUFFMANN-MULLER F and GRANGE D. Effects of lorazepant and diazepam on conscious and automatic memory processes. Psychopharmacology, 127: 63-72, 1996.


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.