The guano voyages

Rural History

Volumn 18, Issue 1, 2007, Pages 119-133

  Cordle, Celia ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF LEICESTER   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AGRICULTURE; CULTIVATION; GUANO; NINETEENTH CENTURY;

ENGLAND; EURASIA; EUROPE; KENT; UNITED KINGDOM; WESTERN EUROPE;

EID: 34250364418     PISSN: 09567933     EISSN: 14740656     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1017/S0956793306002044     Document Type: Article

References (107)

1. The guano voyages formed part of my Ph.D. research, but were not included in the thesis: C.E. Cordle, 'Hop Cultivation and Marketing: Wealden Kent and Southwark, 1744-2000' (unpublished doctoral thesis, University of Leicester, 2005).
2. C.S. Orwin and E.H. Whetham, History of British Agriculture 1846-1914 (1964; Newton Abbot, 1971), pp. 28, 30.
3. H.H. Parker, The Hop Industry (London, 1934), p. 61.
4. P. Brassley, 'Plant Nutrition', in E.J.T. Collins, ed., The Agrarian History of England and Wales. Volume 7, 1850-1914. Part 1 (Cambridge, 2000), p. 541.
5. Orwin and Whetham, British Agriculture, p. 28
6. N. Goddard, 'Agricultural Institutions: Societies, Associations and the Press', in Collins, Agrarian History, Volume 7. Part 1, pp. 653, 657.
7. F.M.L. Thompson, 'Agricultural Chemical and Fertiliser Industries', in Collins, Agrarian History. Volume 7. Part 2, pp. 1019-20, 1025.
8. Orwin and Whetham, British Agriculture, p. 278.
9. Brassley, 'Plant Nutrition', p. 541
10. Parker, Hop Industry, p. 62.
11. Thompson, 'Agricultural Fertiliser Industries', pp. 1020-1.
12. Thompson, 'Agricultural Fertiliser Industries', p. 1041.
13. S. Wilmot, 'The South-West: Wiltshire, Dorset, Somerset, Devon, and Cornwall', in Collins, Agrarian History. Vol. 7. Part 1, p. 416
14. P. Brassley, 'Arable Systems', in Collins, Agrarian History. Vol. 7. Part 1, p. 460
15. Thompson, 'Agricultural Fertiliser Industries', p. 1021.
16. Thompson, 'Agricultural Fertiliser Industries', p.1020.
17. Parker, Hop Industry, pp. 61, 122-3.
18. Parker, Hop Industry, p. 123
19. A.H. Burgess, Hops: Botany, Cultivation and Utilization (London, 1964), p. 120.
20. Parker, Hop Industry, p. 123
21. Burgess, Hops, pp. 65, 120.
22. Burgess, Hops, p. 120.
23. Parker, Hop Industry, p, 62.
24. E.J.T. Collins, 'Rural and Agricultural Change', in Collins, Agrarian History, Vol. 7, part 1, pp. 126-7.
25. Parker, Hop Industry, p. 63.
26. Collins, 'Rural and Agricultural Change', p. 126.
27. British Parliamentary Papers, Accounts and Papers (14) Trade and Navigation. Session 2, XXXVIII (1857), 310-11.
28. Information from Combourne farm books kindly lent by David Wickham of Cranbrook, Kent and used here with his permission; Cordle, 'Hop Cultivation and Marketing', pp. 155-7.
29. W.M. Mathew, The House of Gibbs and the Peruvian Guano Monopoly (London, 1981), p. 22.
30. Mathew, House of Gibbs, pp. 1, 22-3.
31. Mathew, House of Gibbs, pp. 23, 43, 47-8, 51.
32. Mathew, House of Gibbs, p. 135.
33. Mathew, House of Gibbs, pp. 93-5, 135-6, 147.
34. Mathew, House of Gibbs, pp. 1, 27.
35. Mathew, House of Gibbs, pp. 57-8.
36. W.M. Mathew, 'Anglo-Peruvian Commercial and Financial Relations, 1820-1865 with special reference to Antony Gibbs and Sons and the Guano Trade' (unpublished doctoral thesis, University of London, 1964), pp. 416-17.
37. B.P.P., Accounts and Papers, XXXVIII, (1857), 307.
38. Ibid., p. 308.
39. Mathew, House of Gibbs, pp. 138, 147.
40. Mathew, House of Gibbs, p. 138.
41. Mathew, House of Gibbs, pp. 138-9, and pp. 147-65, where the British government's action on guano is fully covered. Mathew has written in great detail about the guano trade with Peru, both in his doctoral thesis 'Anglo-Peruvian Commercial and Financial Relations, 1820-1865', and in House of Gibbs.
42. Mathew, House of Gibbs, pp. 149-50, 160.
43. B.P.P., Accounts and Papers, XXXVIII, (1857), 308.
44. Ibid., p. 309.
45. Ibid., p. 309.
46. Ibid., p. 308.
47. Ibid., p. 313.
48. Ibid., p. 314.
49. Ibid., p. 318.
50. Ibid., pp. 325-6.
51. Ibid., pp. 319, 345.
52. Ibid., p. 345.
53. Ibid., p. 315.
54. Ibid., p. 310.
55. Ibid., pp. 310-11.
56. Ibid., p. 314.
57. Ibid., p. 309.
58. R. Coupland, East Africa and its Invaders from the Earliest Times to the Death of Seyyid Said in 1856 (Oxford, 1938), p. 525. In 1938, R. Coupland wrote an absorbing and comprehensive account of the Kuria Muria guano venture and of the ceding of the islands to Britain within the wider context of Britain's foreign policy in East Africa until 1856.
59. See R. Coupland, East Africa and its Invaders, pp. 524-45.
60. W.M. Mathew, using some of Coupland's material, also wrote about guano and the Kuria Muria islands from an economic and commercial standpoint in Mathew, 'Anglo-Peruvian Commercial and Financial Relations, 1820-1865', pp. 406-18.
61. B.P.P., Accounts and Papers, XXXVIII, (1857), p. 318.
62. Ibid., pp. 345-6.
63. Coupland, East Africa and its Invaders, pp. 108-9, 274, 279, 295, 320.
64. Ibid., p. 299.
65. Ibid., pp. 298, 547-50.
66. B.P.P., Accounts and Papers, XXXVIII, (1857), 345.
67. Coupland, East Africa and its Invaders, pp. 526-8.
68. B.P.P., Accounts and Papers, XXXVIII, (1857), 345-6.
69. Ibid., pp. 346-7.
70. Coupland, East Africa and its Invaders, p, 530.
71. Ibid., pp. 530-32.
72. Ibid., pp. 320, 553.
73. B.P.P., Accounts and Papers, XXXVIII, 346-7.
74. Ibid., p. 347.
75. Ibid., p. 319.
76. Ibid., p. 319.
77. Ibid., pp. 319-20.
78. Ibid., p. 320.
79. Ibid., p. 347.
80. Ibid., p. 319.
81. Ibid., p. 348.
82. Ibid., pp. 370, 318.
83. Ibid., p. 370.
84. Ibid., pp. 379-80.
85. Ibid., p. 370.
86. Ibid., p. 379.
87. Ibid., p. 379.
88. Ibid., p. 380.
89. Ibid., pp. 379-80.
90. Ibid., p. 380.
91. Coupland, East Africa and its Invaders, pp. 540-2.
92. B.P.P., Accounts and Papers, XXXVIII, 380.
93. Ibid., p. 318.
94. Coupland, East Africa and its Invaders, p. 541.
95. Ibid., pp. 538-9.
96. Ibid., pp. 538-9, 542.
97. Mathew, 'Anglo-Peruvian Commercial and Financial Relations, 1820-1865', p. 416.
98. Coupland, East Africa and its Invaders, p. 542.
99. Mathew, 'Anglo-Peruvian Commercial and Financial Relations, 1820-1865', p. 416.
100. Coupland, East Africa and its Invaders, pp. 542-3.
101. Ibid., pp. 540-41, 545.
102. Ibid., p. 545.
103. Ibid., p. 544.
104. Mathew, 'Anglo-Peruvian Commercial and Financial Relations, 1820-1865', pp. 416-7.
105. Ibid., p. 415
106. Mathew, House of Gibbs, p. 147
107. Brassley, 'Plant Nutrition', pp. 539, 541, 544.