Bolivia and Venezuela: The democratic dialectic in new revolutionary movements

Race and Class

Volumn 49, Issue 1, 2007, Pages 1-24

  Harris, Jerry ^a,b  

^a DEVRY UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b Global Studies Association of North America   (United States)

Author keywords

Chavez; Civil society; Co operatives; Globalisation; Gramsci; Market; State; Water wars

Indexed keywords

EID: 34250363128     PISSN: 03063968     EISSN: 17413125     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/0306396807080064     Document Type: Review

References (38)

1. Alexander Gallas, 'Review of Entfesselter Kapitalismus: transformation des europaischen sozialmodells by Joachim Bischoff', Dialectical Materialism (2003).
2. Antonio Gramsci, Selections from the Prison Notebooks (New York, International Publishers, 1971), p. 235.
3. Antonio Gramsci, Selections from the Prison Notebooks, Ibid., p. 238.
4. Antonio Gramsci, Selections from the Prison Notebooks, Ibid., pp. 234-5.
5. Antonio Gramsci, Selections from the Prison Notebooks, Ibid., p. 233.
6. Farced Zakaria, 'Hating America', Foreign Policy (No. 144, September/October 2004), pp. 47-8.
7. Matt Hancock, 'The cooperative district of Imola: forging the high road to globalisation' (University of Bologna, School of Economics, 2005);
8. Matt Hancock, 'The Communist Party in the land of cooperation' (University of Bologna, School of Economics, 2005).
9. Jerry Harris, 'Emerging Third World powers', Race & Class (Vol. 46, no. 3, 2005), pp. 7-27.
10. For a detailed analysis of the second contradiction, using Germany as an example, sec Jerry Harris, 'Globalisation and class struggle in Germany', Nature, Society and Thought (Vol. 18, no. 3, 2005), pp. 383-412.
11. Michael Albert offers such a complex array of managerial committees and social organisations in his effort to replace the state that his ideas can be labelled 'bureau-cratic anarchism'. See Michael Albert, Parecon: life after capitalism (London, Verso, 2003). For a traditional Marxist critique of the inevitable 'slippery slope' of market socialism,
12. see Martin Hart-Landsberg and Paul Burkett, China and Socialism; market reforms and class struggle (New York, Monthly Review Press, 2005). And for an argument that still defends the Soviet statist model,
13. refer to Roger Keeran and Thomas Kenny, Socialism Betrayed: behind the collapse of the Soviet Union (New York, International Publishers, 2004).
14. I am using the term 'non-antagonistic contradictions' not to argue for an absence of political struggle but for such contradictions to be solved among social classes and forces with common goals to build a post-capitalist society. This is to be distinguished from contradictions between the people and counter-revolutionary forces. Although Mao articulates this in his 1957 essay, 'On the correct handling of the contradictions among the people', the failure to carry out this policy led to the disaster of the Cultural Revolution. Mao Tse Tung, Selected Works of Mao Tse Tung: volume V (Beijing, Foreign Language Press, 1977), pp. 350-421.
15. David Schweickart, After Capitalism (New York, Rowman and Littlefield, 2002), pp. 56-7.
16. Oscar Olivera, Cochabambal Water war in Bolivia (Cambridge, South End Press, 2004), pp. 111-13.
17. Alvaro Garcia Linera, The multitude', in Cochabambal Water War in Bolivia, ibid., p. 66.
18. Alvaro Garcia Linera, Cochabambal Water War in Bolivia, Ibid., p. 28.
19. Raquel Gutierrez-Aguilar, 'The Coordinadora: one year after the water wars', in Cochabambal Water War in Bolivia, ibid., p. 55.
20. Linera, Cochabambal Water War in Bolivia, op. cit., p. 83.
21. Gutierrez-Aguilar, Cochabambal Water War in Bolivia, op. cit., p. 60.
22. Olivera, Cochabambal Water War in Bolivia, op. cit., p. 136.
23. Olivera, Cochabambal Water War in Bolivia, Ibid., pp. 136-7.
24. Juan Forero, 'Coca advocate wins election for president in Bolivia', New York Times (19 December 2005), 〈http://www.nytimes.com/2005/12/19/ international/americas/19bolivia.html〉.
25. Jim Schultz, 'Bolivia's unplanned elections', Democracy Center On-Line (Volume 67, 1 December 2005), 〈http://www.democracyctr.org/newsletter/ vol67.htm〉.
26. Neil Harvey, 'Inclusion through autonomy: Zapatistas and dissent', NACLA Report on the Americas (Vol. 39, no. 2, September/October 2005), p. 14.
27. Vladimir Escalante Ramirez, 'Why does the PRD lose?', Documents on Mexican Politics (October 1994), 〈http://www.cs.uwaterloo.ca/~alopez-o/ politics/prdlose. html〉.
28. Harvey, Documents on Mexican Politics, op. cit., p. 14.
29. Joao Pedro Stedile, 'Memories of struggle in the MST', NACLA Report on the Americas (Vol. 38, no. 5, March/April 2005), p. 25.
30. Gramsci, NACLA Report on the Americas, op. cit., p. 253.
31. Steve Ellner, 'Venezuela: defying globalisation's logic', NACLA Report on the Americas (Vol. 39, no. 2, September/October 2005), p. 24.
32. Steve Ellner, 'Directions of the Chavista movement in Venezuela', Science & Society (Vol. 69, no. 2, 2005), pp. 160-90.
33. Steve Ellner, Science & Society, Ibid., p. 187.
34. Jorge Luis Acanda Gonzalez, 'Cuban civil society: reinterpreting the debate', NACLA Report on the Americas (Vol. 39, no. 4, January/February 2006), p. 35.
35. Graciela Monteagudo, 'Autonomism in Argentina under a new governmentality', paper delivered at the Global Studies Association conference, May 2006.
36. Michael Albert, 'Argentina's occupied factories: practising participatory democracy in the workplace', Z Magazine Online (Vol. 18, no. 12, December 2005), 〈http://zmagsite.zmag.org/Dec2005/albert1205.html〉.
37. Camila Pineiro Harnecker, The new cooperative movement in Venezuela's Bolivarian process', Monthly Review Webiine (12 May 2005), 〈http://mrzine. monthlyreview.org/harnecker051205.html〉.
38. Christian Parenti, 'Hugo Chavez and petro populism', The Nation (24 March 2005), 〈http://www.thenation.com/doc/20050411/parenti/8〉.