Using transportation accident databases to investigate ignition and explosion probabilities of flammable spills

Journal of Hazardous Materials

Volumn 146, Issue 1-2, 2007, Pages 106-123

  Ronza, A ^a   Vilchez J A ^a   Casal, J ^a  

^a UNIVERSITAT POLITÈCNICA DE CATALUNYA   (Spain)

Author keywords

Event trees; Explosion probability; Ignition probability; Land transportation; Maritime transportation

Indexed keywords

IGNITION; OIL SPILLS; PROBABILITY; RISK ASSESSMENT; STATISTICAL METHODS;

EXPLOSION PROBABILITY; IGNITION PROBABILITY; LAND TRANSPORTATION; MARITIME TRANSPORTATION;

EXPLOSIONS;

HYDROCARBON;

EXPLOSIONS; IGNITION; OIL SPILLS; PROBABILITY; RISK ASSESSMENT; STATISTICAL METHODS;

EXPLOSION; MARITIME TRANSPORTATION; OIL SPILL; RISK ASSESSMENT; STATISTICAL DATA;

ARTICLE; CALCULATION; DATA ANALYSIS; DATA BASE; EXPLOSION; FIRE; FLAMMABLE SPILL; MATHEMATICAL ANALYSIS; PREDICTION; PROBABILITY; QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS; RISK ASSESSMENT; SHIPPING; SPILLAGE; TRAFFIC ACCIDENT; UNITED STATES;

ACCIDENTS; DATABASES, FACTUAL; EXPLOSIONS; FIRES; HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES; HYDROCARBONS; RISK ASSESSMENT; TRANSPORTATION; UNITED STATES;

NORTH AMERICA; UNITED STATES;

EID: 34250359111     PISSN: 03043894     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2006.11.057     Document Type: Article

References (39)

1. Pietersen C.M., and van het Veld B.F.P. Risk assessment and risk contour mapping. J. Loss Prev. Process Industries 5 1 (1992) 60-63
2. P.A.M. Uijt de Haag, B.J.M. Ale, Establishments, in: CPR (Ed.), Guidelines for Quantitative Risk Assessment, CPR18E, Purple Book, Sdu Uitgevers, Den Haag, 1999.
3. TNO, LPG, a Study. A Comparative Analysis of the Risk Inherent in the Storage, Transshipment, Transport and Use of LPG and Motor Spirit, 00 General Report, TNO, Apeldoorn, 1983.
4. Luketa-Hanlin A. A review of large-scale LNG spills: experiments and modeling. J. Hazard. Mater. 132 2/3 (2006) 119-140
5. Delvosalle C., Fievez C., Pipart A., and Debray B. ARAMIS project: a comprehensive methodology for the identification of reference accident scenarios in process industries. J. Hazard. Mater. 130 3 (2006) 200-219
6. Fabiano B., Currò F., Palazzi E., and Pastorino R. A framework for risk assessment and decision-making strategies in dangerous good transportation. J. Hazard. Mater. 93 1 (2002) 1-15
7. In: Mannan S. (Ed). Lees' Loss Prevention in the Process Industries. 3rd ed. (2004), Elsevier Butterworth-Heinemann, Amsterdam
8. Browning R.L. Estimating loss probabilities. Chem. Eng. 76 27 (1969) 135-140
9. J.A. Simmons, A Risk Assessment of Storage and Transport of Liquefied Natural Gas and LP-Gas, Final report for contract 68.01.2695, Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC, 1974.
10. T.A. Kletz, Unconfined vapor cloud explosions, in: AIChE (Ed.), 11th Loss Prevention Symposium, AIChE, 1977, pp. 50-ff.
11. Health and Safety Executive, Canvey: An Investigation of Potential Hazards from Operations in the Canvey Island/Thurrock Area, HM Stationery Office, London, 1978.
12. Rhoads R.E. An Assessment of the Risk of Transporting Gasoline by Truck (1978), US Department of Transport, Washington, DC
13. Health and Safety Executive, Canvey: A Second Report. A Review of the Potential Hazard from Operations in the Canvey Island/Thurrock Area Three Years after Publication of the Canvey Report, HM Stationery Office, London, 1981.
14. M. Considine, G.C. Grint, P.L. Holden, Bulk Storage of LPG-Factors Affecting Offsite Risk, in: IChemE (Ed.), IChemE Symposium Series No. 71, IChemE, Rugby, 1982, pp. 291-320.
15. P.A. Croce, et al., A Feasibility Study of a Sealed Safety Monitor for Trucks Carrying LNG and Other Hazardous Materials, Report DOE/EV/10502-1, prepared by Arthur D. Little Inc. for the US Department of Energy, Office of Operational Safety Programs, Arthur D. Little, Boston, Massachusetts, 1982.
16. E. Dahl, T.I. Bern, M. Golan, G. Engen, Risk of Oil and Gas Blow-out on the Norwegian Continental Shelf, Report STF 88A82062, SINTEF, Trondheim, 1983.
17. D.J. Jones, G.S. Kramer, D.N. Gideon, R.J. Eiber, An Analysis of Reportable Incidents for Natural Gas Transmission and Gathering Lines-1970 through June 1984, American Gas Association NG-18, Report no. 158, American Gas Association, Washington, DC, 1986.
18. N. Townsend, G. Fearnehough, Control of Risk from U.K. Gas Transmission Pipelines, British Gas plc, Research and Development Division, Engineering Research Station ERS E351, 1986.
19. P.J. Crossthwaite, R.D. Fitzpatrick, N.W. Hurst, Risk Assessment for the Siting of Developments Near Liquefied Petroleum Gas Installations, in: IChemE (Ed.), IChemE Symposium Series No. 110, IChemE, Rugby, 1988, pp. 373-400.
20. Cox A.W., Lees F.P., and Ang M.L. Classification of Hazardous Locations (1990), IChemE, Rugby
21. Health and Safety Commission, Advisory Committee on Dangerous Substances, Major Hazard Aspects of the Transport of Dangerous Substances, HM Stationery Office, London, 1991.
22. CCPS, Guidelines for Chemical Transportation Risk Analysis, Center for Chemical Process Safety of the American Institute of Chemical Engineers, New York, New York, 1995.
23. RIVM, Purple Book-Questions and Answers. Update 22 July 2003, RIVM, Bilthoven, 2003. Online: [consulted on 11 December 2003].
24. IPO, Handleiding voor het opstellen en beoordelen van een extern veiligheidsrapport, IPO Project A73, IPO, Den Haag, 1994.
25. IMO. International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code, 2002 edition (2002), IMO, London
26. B.L. Wiekema, L.A.M. Janssen, Transport, in: CPR (Ed.), Guidelines for Quantitative Risk Assessment. CPR18E. Purple Book, Sdu Uitgevers, Den Haag, 1999.
27. EGIG [European Gas Pipeline Incident Data Group], 6th EGIG-report 1970-2004. Gas Pipeline Incidents, Report EGIG 05.R.0002, December 2005, EGIG, Groningen, 2005. Available online at: [consulted on 21 July 2006].
28. H. Spencer, P.J. Rew, Ignition Probability of Flammable Gases, Contract Research Report 146/1997 prepared by WS Atkins Safety and Reliability for the Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, Sudbury, 1997. Available online at: [consulted on 25 October 2004].
29. Rew P.J., Spencer H., and Daycock J. Off-site ignition probability of flammable gases. J. Hazard. Mater. 71 1/3 (2000) 409-422
30. J.H. Daycock, P.J. Rew, Development of a Method for the Determination of On-site Ignition Probabilities, Research Report 226, prepared by WS Atkins Consultants Ltd for the Health and Safety Executive, HSE Books, Sudbury, 2004. Available online at: [consulted on 25 October 2004].
31. T. Sofyanos, Causes and Consequences of Fires and Explosions on Offshore Platforms: Statistical Survey of Mexico Data, Report 81-0057, Det Norske Veritas, Oslo, 1981.
32. Appendix 33: Incident Databases, in: S. Mannan (Ed.), Lees' Loss Prevention in the Process Industries, vol. 3, 3rd ed., Elsevier Butterworth-Heinemann, Amsterdam, 2004.
33. NTSB [National Transportation Safety Board], Transportation Safety Databases, Safety Study NTSB/SR-02/02, NTSB, Washington, DC, 2002. Available online at: [consulted on 2 December 2003].
34. EPA-CEPPO, User's Guide to Federal Accidental Release Databases, Report EPA 550-B-95-001, September 1995, Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC, 1995. Available online at: [consulted on 7 April 2005].
35. Marasco Newton Group Ltd., Hazardous Materials Incident Reporting System. HMIRS Data Definitions and Codes, prepared for U.S. Department of Transportation, Research and Special Programs Administration, Office of Hazardous Materials Safety, Office of Hazardous Materials Planning and Analysis, Marasco Newton Group Ltd., Arlington, Virgina, 2000. Available online at: [consulted on 7 March 2005].
36. USCG, Overview of the Coast Guard's Polluting Incident Database, 2003. Online: [consulted on 3 June 2006].
37. R.L. Hansen, Risk-based Fire Research Decision Methodology, Master thesis, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, Massachusetts, 1999. Available online at: [consulted on 8 March 2004].
38. USCG, Chemical Hazards Response Information System (CHRIS), 2002. Online: [consulted on 30 May 2006].
39. Anand S., Keren N., Tretter M.J., Wang Y., O'Connor T.M., and Mannan M.S. Harnessing data mining to explore incident databases. J. Hazard. Mater. 130 1/2 (2005) 33-41