The structure and expression of cereal storage protein genes

Plant Cell Monographs

Volumn 8, Issue , 2007, Pages 195-218

  Halford, N G ^a   Shewry, P R ^a  

^a ROTHAMSTED RESEARCH   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 34250338540     PISSN: 18611370     EISSN: 18611362     Source Type: Book Series    
DOI: 10.1007/7089_2007_114     Document Type: Article

References (116)

1. Albani D, Hammond-Kosack MCU, Smith C, Conlan S, Colot V, Holdsworth M, Bevan MW (1997) The wheat transcriptional activator SPA: A seed-specific bZIP protein that recognizes the GCN4-like motif in the bifactorial endosperm box of prolamin genes. Plant Cell 9:171-184
2. Altpeter F, Vasil V, Srivastava V, Vasil IK (1996) Integration and expression of the high-molecular-weight glutenin subunit 1Ax1 gene into wheat. Nat Biotechnol 14:1155-1159
3. Anderson OD, Greene PC (1997) The α-gliadin gene family. II. DNA and protein sequence variation, subfamily structure, and origins of pseudogenes. Theor Appl Genet 95:59-65
4. Axtell JD, Van Scoyoc SW, Christensen PJ, Ejeta G (1979) Current status of protein quality improvement in grain sorghum. In: Seed Protein Improvement in Cereals and Grain Legumes, vol II. Int Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, pp 357-365
5. Barro F, Rooke L, Békés F, Gras P, Tatham AS, Fido R, Lazzeri PA, Shewry PR, Barceló P (1997) Transformation of wheat with high molecular weight subunit genes results in improved functional properties. Nat Biotechnol 15:1295-1299
6. Bartels D, Thompson RD (1986) Synthesis of messenger-RNAs coding for abundant endosperm proteins during wheat grain development. Plant Sci 46:117-125
7. Bechtel DB, Wilson JD, Shewry PR (1991) Immunocytochemical localization of the wheat storage protein triticin in developing endosperm tissue. Cereal Chem 68:573-577
8. Boston RS, Fontes EBP, Shank BB, Wrobel RL (1991) Increased expression of the maize immunoglobulin binding protein homolog b-70 in three zein regulatory mutants. Plant Cell 3:497-505
9. Bright SWJ, Shewry PR (1983) Improvement of protein quality in cereals. CRC Crit Rev Plant Sci 1:49-93
10. Burgess SR, Shewry PR (1986) Identification of homologous globulins from embryos of wheat, barley, rye and oats. J Exp Bot 37:1863-1871
11. Burr FA, Burr B (1982) Three mutations in Zea mays affecting zein accumulation: a comparison of zein polypeptides, in vitro synthesis and processing, mRNA levels, and genomic organization. J Cell Biol 94:201-206
12. Bustos AD, Rubio P, Jouve N (2000) Molecular characterisation of the inactive allele of the gene Glu-Al and the development of a set of AS-PCR markers for HMW glutenins of wheat. Theor Appl Genet 100:1085-1094
13. Casey R (1999) Distribution of Some Properties of Seed Globulins. In: Shewry PR, Casey R (eds) Seed Proteins. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, pp 4159-4169
14. Chui C-F, Falco SC (1995) A new methionine-rich seed storage protein from maize. Plant Physiol 107:291
15. Ciceri P, Gianazza E, Lazzari B, Lippoli G, Genga A, Hoschek G, Schmidt RJ, Viotti A (1997) Phosphorylation of Opaque2 changes diurnally and impacts its DNA binding activity. Plant Cell 9:97-108
16. Coleman CE, Larkins BA (1999) The Prolamins of Maize. In Shewry PR, Case R (eds) Seed Proteins. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, pp 109-139
17. Colot V, Robert LS, Kavanagh TA, Bevan MW, Thompson RD (1987) Localization of sequences in wheat endosperm protein genes which confer tissue-specific expression in tobacco. EMBO J 6:3559-3564
18. Dannenhoffer JM, Bostwick DE, Or E, Larkins BA (1995) opaque-15, a maize mutation with properties of a defective opaque-2 modifier. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 92:1931-1935
19. Davies JT, Shewry PR, Harris N (1993) Spatial and temporal patterns of B hordein synthesis in developing barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) caryopses. Cell Biol Int Rep 17:195-203
20. Doll H, Køie B, Eggum BO (1974) Induced high lysine mutants in barley. Rad Bot 14:73-80
21. Duffus CM, Cochrane MP (1992) Grain structure and composition. In: Shewry PR (ed) Barley: Genetics, Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology. CAB International, Wallingford, pp 291-317
22. Dunwell JM, Gane PJ (1998) Microbial relatives of seed storage proteins: conservation of motifs in a functionally diverse superfamily of enzymes. J Mol Evol 46:147-154
23. Dunwell JM, Purvis A, Khuri S (2004) Cupins: the most functionally diverse protein superfamily? Phytochem 65:7-17
24. DuPont FM, Hurkman WJ, Vensel WH, Chan R, Lopez R, Tanaka CK, Altenbach SB (2006) Differential accumulation of sulfur-rich and sulfur-poor wheat flour proteins is affected by temperature and mineral nutrition during grain development. J Cereal Sci 44:101-112
25. Esen A (1987) A proposed nomenclature for the alcohol-soluble proteins (zeins) of maize (Zea mays L). J Cereal Sci 5:117-128
26. FAO (1997) Production Volume 51, FAO, Rome
27. Forde BG, Heyworth A, Pywell J, Kreis M (1985) Nucleotide sequence of a B1 hordein gene and the identification of possible upstream regulatory elements in endosperm storage protein genes from barley, wheat and maize. Nucl Acids Res 13:7327-7339
28. Forde J, Malpica J-M, Halford NG, Shewry PR, Anderson OD, Greene FC, Miflin BJ (1985) The nucleotide sequence of a HMW glutenin subunit gene located on chromosome 1A of wheat (Triticum aestivum L). Nucl Acids Res 13:6817-6831
29. Geevers HO, Lake JK (1992) Development of modified opaque-2 maize in South Africa. In: Mertz E (ed) Quality Protein Maize. Am Soc Cereal Chem, St Paul, MN, pp 49-78
30. Giese H, Hopp E (1984) Influence of nitrogen nutrition on the amount of hordein, protein Z and β-amylase messenger RNA in developing endosperms of barley. Carlsberg Res Commun 49:365-383
31. Gillikin JW, Zhang F, Coleman CE, Bass HW, Larkins BA, Boston RS (1997) A defective signal peptide tethers the floury-2 zein to the endoplasmic reticulum membrane. Plant Physiol 114:345-352
32. Hagen G, Rubenstein I (1981) Complex organisation of zein genes in maize. Gene 13:239-249
33. Halford NG, Forde J, Shewry PR, Kreis M (1989) Functional analysis of the upstream regions of a silent and an expressed member of a family of wheat seed protein genes in transgenic tobacco. Plant Sci 62:207-216
34. Halford NG, Field JM, Blair H, Urwin P, Moore K, Robert L, Thompson R, Flavell RB, Tatham AS, Shewry PR (1992). Analysis of HMW glutenin subunits encoded by chromosome 1A of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) indicates quantitative effects on grain quality. Theor Appl Genet 83:373-378
35. Hammond-Kosack MCU, Holdsworth MJ, Bevan MW (1993) in vivo footprinting of a low molecular weight glutenin gene (LMWG-1D1) in wheat endosperm. EMBO J 12:545-554
36. Harberd NP, Bartels D, Thompson RD (1985) Analysis of the gliadin multigene loci in bread wheat using nullisomic-tetrasomic lines. Mol Gen Genet 198:234-242
37. Harberd NP, Flavell RB, Thompson RD (1987) Identification of a transposon-like insertion in a Glu-1 allele of wheat. Mol Gen Genet 209:326-332
38. Hill DE, Hope IA, Macke JP, Struhl K (1986) Saturation mutagenesis of the yeast his3 regulatory site: requirements for transcriptional induction and for binding by GCN4 activator protein. Science 234:451-457
39. Hinnebusch AG, Natarajan K (2002) Gcn4p, a master regulator of gene expression, is controlled at multiple levels by diverse signals of starvation and stress. Eukaryot Cell 1:22-32
40. Hinton JJC (1953) The distribution of protein in the maize kernel in comparison with that of wheat. Cereal Chem 30:441-445
41. Holdsworth MJ, Munoz-Blanco J, Hammond-Kosack M, Colot V, Schuch W, Bevan MW (1995) The maize transcription factor Opaque-2 activates a wheat glutenin promoter in plant and yeast cells. Plant Mol Biol 29:711-720
42. Hsia CC, Anderson OD (2001) Isolation, characterization of wheat ω-gliadin genes. Theor Appl Genet 103:37-44
43. Hwang Y-S, Ciceri P, Parsons RL, Moose SP, Schmidt RJ, Huang N (2004) The maize O2 and PBF proteins act additively to promote transcription from storage protein gene promoters in rice endosperm cells. Plant Cell Physiol 45:1509-1518
44. Kawaura K, Mochida K, Ogihara Y (2005) Expression profile of two storage protein gene families in hexaploid wheat revealed by large-scale analysis of expressed sequence tags. Plant Physiol 139:1870-1880
45. Kent NL (1966) Subaleurone endosperm cells of high protein content. Cereal Chem 43:585-601
46. Kim CS, Gunter BG, Kraft J, Boston RS, Yans S, Jung R, Larkins BA (2004) A defective signal peptide in a 19-kD α-zein protein causes the unfolded protein response and an opaque endosperm phenotype in the maize De*-B30 mutant. Plant Physiol 134:380-387
47. Kirihara JA, Petri JB, Messing JW (1988) Isolation and sequence of a gene encoding a methionine-rich 10-kDA zein protein from maize. Gene 71:359-370
48. Kreis M, Forde BG, Rahman S, Miflin BJ, Shewry PR (1985) Molecular evolution of the seed storage proteins of barley, rye and wheat. J Mol Biol 183:499-502
49. Kridl JC, Vieira J, Rubenstein I, Messing J (1984) Nucleotide sequence analysis of a zein genomic clone with a short open reading frame. Gene 28:113-118
50. Kriz AL (1999) 7S Globulins of Cereals. In: Shewry PR, Casey R (eds) Seed Proteins. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, pp 477-498
51. Lamacchia C, Shewry PR, Di Fonzo N, Forsyth J, Harris N, Lazzeri PA, Napier JA, Halford NG, Barcelo P (2001) Endosperm-specific activity of a storage protein gene promoter in transgenic wheat seed. J Exp Bot 355:243-250
52. Langridge P, Feix G (1983) A zein gene of maize is transcribed from two widely separated promoter regions. Cell 34:1015-1022
53. Langridge P, Pintor-Toro JA, Feix G (1982) Direction of zein gene transcription in maize genomic clones. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 107:1236-1242
54. Lending CR, Larkins BA (1989) Changes in the zein composition of protein bodies during maize endosperm development. Plant Cell 1:1011-1023
55. Lopes MA, Larkins BA (1991) Gamma-zein content is related to endosperm modification in quality protein maize. Crop Sci 31:1655-1662
56. Lopes MA, Larkins BA (1995) Genetic analysis of opaque-2 modifier gene activity in maize endosperm. Theor Appl Genet 19:274-281
57. Maier U-G, Browm JWS, Toloczyki C, Feix G (1987) Binding of a nuclear factor to a consensus sequence in the 5' flanking region of zein genes from maize. EMBO J 6:17-22
58. r subunits of glutenin by combined chromatographic (RP-HPLC) and electrophoretic separations and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analyses of their encoding genes. J Cereal Sci 17:221-236
59. Marks MD, Lindell JS, Larkins BA (1985a) Quantitative analysis of the accumulation of zein mRNA during maize endosperm development. J Biol Chem 260:16445-16450
60. Marks MD, Lindell JS, Larkins BA (1985b) Nucleotide sequence analysis of zein mRNAs from maize endosperm. J Biol Chem 260:16451-16459
61. Mena M, Vicente-Carbajosa J, Schmidt RJ, Carbonero P (1998) An endosperm-specific DOF protein from barley, highly conserved in wheat, binds to and activates transcription from the prolamin-box of a native β-hordein promoter in barley endosperm. Plant J 16:53-62
62. Mertz ET, Bates LS, Nelson OE (1964) Mutant gene that changes protein composition and increases lysine content of maize endosperm. Science 145:279-280
63. Millet M-O, Montembault A, Autran J-C (1991) Hordein compositional differences in various anatomical regions of the kernel between two different barley types. Sciences des Alimentations 11:155-161
64. Müller M, Knudsen S (1993) The nitrogen response of a barley C-hordein promoter is controlled by positive and negative regulation of the GCN4 and endosperm box. Plant J 4:343-355
65. Munck L, Karlsson KE, Hagberg A, Eggum BO (1970) Gene for improved nutritional value in barley seed protein. Science 168:985-987
66. Nakase M, Hotta H, Adachi T, Aoki N, Nakamura R, Masumura T, Tanaka K, Matsuda T (1996) Cloning of the rice seed α-globulin-encoding gene: sequence similarity of the 5-flanking region to those of the genes encoding wheat high-molecular-weight glutenin and barley D hordein. Gene 170:223-226
67. Natarajan K, Meyer MR, Jackson BM, Slade D, Roberts C, Hinnebusch AG, Marton MJ (2001) Transcriptional profiling shows that Gcn4p is a master regulator of gene expression during amino acid starvation in yeast. Mol Cell Biol 21:4347-4368
68. Nelson OE, Mertz ET, Bates LS (1965) Second mutant gene affecting the amino acid pattern of maize endosperm proteins. Science 150:1469-1470
69. Norre F, Peyrot C, Garcia C, Rancé I, Drevet J, Theisen M, Gruber V (2002) Powerful effect of an atypical bifactorial endosperm box from wheat HMWG-Dx5 promoter in maize endosperm. Plant Mol Biol 50:699-712
70. Okita TW, Cheesbrough V, Reeves CD (1985) Evolution and heterogeneity of the alpha-/beta-type and gamma-type gliadin DNA sequences. J Biol Chem 260:8203-8213.
71. nd edn. Longmans, Green & Co, London, p 154
72. Pedersen K, Bloom KS, Anderson JN, Glover DV, Larkins BA (1980) Analysis of the complexity and frequency of zein genes in the maize genome. Biochem 19:1644-1650
73. r 15000. J Biol Chem 261:6279-6284
74. Pirovano L, Lanzini S, Hartings H, Lazzaroni N, Rossi V, Joshi R, Thompson RD (1994) Structural and functional analysis of an Opaque-2 related gene from sorghum. Plant Mol Biol 24:515-523
75. Prat S, Perez-Grau L, Puigdomenech P (1987) Multiple variability in the sequence of a family of maize endosperm proteins. Gene 52:41-49
76. Pysh LD, Aukerman MJ, Schmidt RJ (1993) OHP1: a maize basic domain/leucine zipper protein that interacts with opaque2. Plant Cell 5:227-236
77. Rafalski JA (1986) Structure of wheat gamma-gliadin genes. Gene 43:221-229
78. Robert LS, Thompson RD, Flavell RB (1989) Tissue-specific expression of a wheat high molecular weight glutenin gene in transgenic tobacco. Plant Cell 1:569-578
79. Sabelli P, Shewry PR (1991) Characterization and organisation of gene families at the Gli1 loci of bread and durum wheats by restriction fragment analysis. Theor Appl Genet 83:209-216
80. Salamini F, Di Fonzo N, Gentinetta E, Soave C (1979) A dominant mutation interferring with protein accumulation in maize seeds. In: Seed Protein Improvement in Cereals
81. and Grain Legumes. Proceedings of Food and Agriculture Organisation - Int Atomic Energy Agency Symp. Int Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, pp 97-108
82. Salamini P, Foranasani E, Gentinetta E (1983) Mucuronate, Me, a dominant gene of maize which interacts with opaque-2 to suppress zein synthesis. Theor Appl Genet 65:123-128
83. Schmidt RJ, Burr FA, Aukerman MJ, Burr B (1990) Maize regulatory gene opaque-2 encodes a protein with a "leucine-zipper" motif that binds to zein DNA. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 87:46-50
84. Schmidt RJ, Ketudat M, Aukerman M, Hoschek G (1992) Opaque-2 is a transcriptional activator that recognizes a specific target site in 22-kDa zein genes. Plant Cell 4:689-700
85. Scott MP, Sangtong V, Moran D (2002) A Wheat DNA Fragment Exhibits Reduced Pollen Transmission in Transgenic Maize. Maize Genetics Conference Abstracts 44:130
86. Shewry PR (2000) Seed Proteins. In: Black M, Bewley JD (eds) Seed Technology and its Biological Basis. Sheffield Academic Press, Sheffield, pp 42-84
87. Shewry PR, Darlington H (2002) The proteins of the mature barley grain and their role in determining malting performance. In: Slafer GA, Molina-Cano JL, Savin R, Araus JL, Romagosa I (eds) Barley Science: Recent Advances from Molecular Biology to Agronomy of Yield and Quality. Food Products Press, NY, pp 503-521
88. Shewry PR, Halford NG (2002) Cereal seed storage proteins: structures, properties and role in grain utilization. J Exp Bot 53:947-958
89. Shewry PR, Faulks AR, Miflin BJ (1980) The effect of high-lysine mutations on the protein fractions of barley grain. Biochem Genet 18:133-151
90. Shewry PR, Brennan C, Tatham AS, Warburton T, Fido R, Smith D, Griggs D, Cantrell I, Harris N (1996) The development, structure and composition of the barley grain in relation to its end use properties. In: Cereals 96 - Proc 46th Australian Cereal Chemistry Conf, Sydney, September 1996 158-162
91. Shewry PR, Halford NG, Belton PS, Tatham AS (2003) Gluten, the elastomeric protein of wheat seeds. In: Shewry PR, Tatham AS, Bailey A (eds) Elastomeric Proteins. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp 279-301
92. Shewry PR, Jenkins J, Beaudoin F, Mills ENC (2004) The classification, functions and evolutionary relationships of plant proteins in relation to food allergens. In: Mills ENC, Shewry PR (eds) Plant Food Allergens. Blackwell Science, Oxford, pp 24-41
93. Shotwell MA (1999) Oat Globulins. In: Shewry PR, Casey R (eds) Seed Proteins. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, pp 389-400
94. Singh NK, Axtell JD (1973) High lysine mutant gene (hl) that improves protein quality and biological value of grain sorghum. Crop Sci 3:535-539
95. Singh NK, Shepherd KW (1987) Solubility behaviour, synthesis, degradation and subcellular location of a new class of disulphide-linked proteins in wheat endosperm. Aust J Plant Physiol 14:245-252
96. Singh NK, Shepherd KW, Langridge P, Green LC (1991a) Purification and biochemical characterization of triticin, a legume-like protein in wheat endosperm. J Cereal Sci 3:207-219
97. Singh NK, Shepherd KW, Langridge P, Gruen LC (1991b) Purification and biochemical characterization of triticin, a legumin-like protein in wheat endosperm. J Cereal Sci 13:207-219
98. Sørensen MB, Cameron-Mills V, Brandt A (1989) Transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression in developing barley endosperm. Mol Gen Genet 217:195-201
99. Spena A, Viotti A, Pirrotta V (1982) A homologous repetitive block structure underlies the heterogeneity of heavy and light chain zein genes. EMBO J 1:1589-1594
100. Stöger E, Parker M, Christou P, Casey R (2001) Pea legumin overexpressed in wheat endosperm assembles into an ordered paracrystalline matrix. Plant Physiol 125:1732-1742 Takaiwa F, Ogawa M, Okita TW (1999) Rice Glutelins. In: Shewry PR, Casey R (eds) Seed Proteins. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, pp 401-425
101. Tatham AS, Shewry PR (2000) Elastomeric proteins - biological roles, structures and mechanisms. Trends Biochem Sci 25:567-571
102. Thomas MS, Flavell RB (1990) Identification of an enhancer element for the endopserm-specific expression of high molecular weight glutenin. Plant Cell 2:1171-1180
103. Ueda T, Waverczak W, Ward K, Sher N, Ketudat M, Schmidt RJ, Messing J (1992) Mutations of the 22- and 27-kD zein promoters affect transactivation by the opaque-2 protein. Plant Cell 4:701-709
104. Vettore AL, Yunes JA, Cord Neto G, Da Silva M, Arruda P, Leite A (1998) The molecular and functional characterization of an opaque-2 homologue gene from Coix and a new classification of plant bZIP proteins. Plant Mol Biol 36:249-263
105. Villegas E, Vasal SK, Bjarnarson M (1992) Quality Protein Maize - What is it and how was it developed. In: Mertz ET (ed) Quality Protein Maize. Am Soc Cereal Chem, St Paul, MN, pp 27-48
106. Vicente-Carbajosa J, Carbonero P (2005) Seed maturation: developing an intrusive phase to accomplish a quiescent state. Int J Dev Biol 49:645-651
107. Vicente-Carbajosa J, Moose SP, Parsons R, Schmidt RJ (1997) A maize zinc-finger protein binds the prolamin box in zein gene promoters and interacts with the basic leucine zipper transcriptional activator Opaque2. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 94:7685-7690
108. Wallace JC, Lopes MA, Paiva E, Larkins BA (1990) New methods for extraction and quantitation of zeins reveal a high content of γ-zein in modified opaque-2 maize. Plant Physiol 92:191-196 Wan Y, Wang D, Shewry PR, Halford NG (2002) Isolation, characterization of five novel high molecular weight subunits of glutenin genes from Triticum timopheevi and Aegilops cylindrica. Theor Appl Genet 104:828-839
109. Wandelt C, Feix G (1989) Sequence of a 21 kD zein gene from maize containing an inframe stop codon. Nucl Acids Res 17:2354
110. Watson SA (1987) Structure and Composition. In: Watson SA, Ramstad PE (eds) Corn: Chemistry and Technology. Am Assoc Cereal Chem, St Paul, MN, pp 53-82
111. Wilson DR, Larkins BA (1984) Zein gene organization in maize and related grasses. J Mol Biol 20:330-340
112. Woo Y-M, Hu DW-N, Larkins BA, Jung R (2001) Genomics analysis of genes expressed in maize endosperm identifies novel seed proteins and clarifies patterns of zein gene expression. Plant Cell 13:2297-2317
113. Yupsanis T, Burgess SR, Jackson PJ, Shewry PR (1990) Characterization of the major component from aleurone cells of barley (Hordeum vulgare L). J Exp Bot 41:385-392
114. Yunes JA, Cord Neto G, Silva G, Leite A, Ottoboni LMM, Aruda P (1994) The transcriptional activator Opaque-2 recognizes two different target sequences in the 22 kDa-like prolamin genes. Plant Cell 6:237-249
115. Zhang Y, Shewry PR, Jones H, Barcelo P, Lazzeri PA, Halford NG (2001) Expression of antisense SnRK1 protein kinase sequence causes abnormal pollen development and male sterility in transgenic barley. Plant J 28:431-442
116. Zhang Y, Dickinson JR, Paul MJ, Halford NG (2003) Molecular cloning of an Arabidopsis homologue of GCN2, a protein kinase involved in co-ordinated response to amino acid starvation. Planta 217:668-675