Direct imaging of the pelvic floor muscles using two-dimensional ultrasound: A comparison of women with urogenital prolapse versus controls

BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology

Volumn 114, Issue 7, 2007, Pages 882-888

  Athanasiou, S ^a   Chaliha, C ^b   Toozs Hobson, P ^c   Salvatore, S ^d   Khullar, V ^e   Cardozo, L ^f  

^a ALEXANDRA HOSPITAL   (Greece)

^b NATIONAL HOSPITAL FOR NEUROLOGY AND NEUROSURGERY   (United Kingdom)

^c BIRMINGHAM WOMEN S HOSPITAL   (United Kingdom)

^d Ospedale F del Ponte   (Italy)

^e ST MARY S HOSPITAL   (United Kingdom)

^f KING S COLLEGE HOSPITAL   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Levator ani; Pelvic floor; POP; Prolapse; Ultrasound

Indexed keywords

ADULT; AGED; ANATOMY; ARTICLE; COMPARATIVE STUDY; CONTROLLED STUDY; CORRELATION ANALYSIS; DISEASE SEVERITY; FEMALE; HUMAN; IMAGINAL DISC; LEVATOR ANI MUSCLE; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MEASUREMENT; MORPHOLOGY; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PELVIC ORGAN PROLAPSE; PELVIS FLOOR; PRIORITY JOURNAL; QUESTIONNAIRE; RELIABILITY; REPRODUCIBILITY; ULTRASOUND; VAGINA;

ADULT; AGED; FEMALE; HUMANS; MIDDLE AGED; OBSERVER VARIATION; PELVIC FLOOR; PROSPECTIVE STUDIES; UTERINE PROLAPSE; VAGINA;

EID: 34250316114     PISSN: 14700328     EISSN: 14710528     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-0528.2007.01322.x     Document Type: Article

References (30)

1. Olsen AL, Smith VJ, Bergstrom JO, Colling JC, Clark AL. Epidemiology of surgically managed pelvic organ prolapse and urinary incontinence. Obstet Gynecol 1997 89 : 501 6.
2. Shull BL, Benn SJ, Kuehl TJ. Surgical management of prolapse of the anterior vaginal wall segment: analysis of support defects, operative morbidity, and anatomic outcome. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1994 171 : 429 39.
3. Bo K, Finckenhagen HB. Vaginal palpation of pelvic floor muscle strength: inter-test reproducibility and comparison between palpation and vaginal squeeze pressure. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2001 80 : 883 7.
4. Healy JC, Halligan S, Rezneck RH, Watson S, Phillips RK, Armstrong P. Patterns of prolapse in women with symptoms of pelvic floor weakness with MR imaging. Radiology 1977 203 : 77 81.
5. Kirschner-Hermanns R, Wein B, Niehaus S, Schaefer W, Jaske G. The contribution of magnetic resonance imaging of the pelvic floor to the understanding of urinary incontinence. Br J Urol 1993 72 : 715 18.
6. Tunn R, Paris S, Fischer W, Hamm B, Kuchinke J. Static magnetic resonance imaging of the pelvic floor muscle morphology in women with stress urinary incontinence and pelvic organ prolapse. Neurourol Urodyn 1998 17 : 579 89.
7. Hoyte L, Schierlitz L, Zou K, Flesh G, Fielding JR. Two and three-dimensional comparison of levator ani structure, volume, and integrity in women with stress incontinence and prolapse. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2001 185 : 11 19.
8. Kelleher CJ, Cardozo LD, Khullar V, Salvatore S. A new questionnaire to assess the quality of life of urinary incontinent women. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 1997 104 : 1374 9.
9. Digesu GA, Khullar V, Cardozo L, Robinson D, Salvatore S. P-QOL: a validated questionnaire to assess the symptoms and quality of life of women with urogenital prolapse. Int Urogynecol J Pelvic Floor Dysfunct 2005 16 : 176 81.
10. Bump R, Mattiason A, Bo K, Brubaker LP, DeLancey JO, Klarskov P, et al. The standardisation of terminology of female pelvic organ prolapse and pelvic floor dysfunction. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1996 175 : 10 17.
11. Shrout PE, Fleiss JL. Intraclass correlations: uses in assessing rater reliability. Psychol Bull 1979 86 : 420 8.
12. Cosling J, Alm P, Bartsch G, Brubaker L, Creed K, Delmas V, et al. Gross anatomy of the lower urinary tract. In : Abrams P, Khoury S, Wein A, editors. Incontinence. 1st International Consultation on Incontinence, Monaco. Plymouth, UK : Health Publication Ltd 1999. pp. 21 57.
13. Dietz HP, Steensma AB. The prevalence of major abnormalities of the levator ani in urogynaecological patients. BJOG 2006 113 : 225 30.
14. Dietz HP, Shek K, Clarke B. Biometry of pubovisceral muscle and levator hiatus by three-dimensional pelvic floor ultrasound. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2005 25 : 580 5.
15. Wise BG, Burton G, Cutner A, Cardozo LD. Effect of vaginal ultrasound on lower urinary tract function. Br J Urol 1993 71 : 240 1.
16. Singh K, Reid WMN, Berger LA. Magnetic resonance imaging of normal levator ani anatomy and function. Obstet Gynecol 2002 99 : 433 8.
17. Athanasiou S, Hill S, Cardozo L, Khullar V, Anders K. Three-dimensional ultrasound of the urethra periurethral tissues and pelvic floor: a preliminary report. Int Urogynecol J 1995 6 : 239.
18. Athanasiou S, Boos K, Khullar V, Anders K, Cardozo L. Pathogenesis of genuine stress incontinence and urogenital prolapse. Neurology and Urodynamics 1996 15 : S54.
19. Margulies R, Huebner M, DeLancey J. Levator ani muscle defects: what origin and insertion points are affected? Int Urogynecol J 2006 17 : S118 19.
20. Hsu Y, Summers A, Hussain HK, Guire KE, Delancey JOL. Levator plate angle in women with pelvic organ prolapse compared to women with normal support using dynamic MR imaging. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2006 194 : 1427 33.
21. Lukacz ES, Lawrence JM, Contreras R, Nager CW, Luber KM. Parity, mode of delivery and pelvic floor disorders. Obstet Gynecol 2006 107 : 1253 60.
22. Zhu L, Lang JH, Chen J, Chen J. Morphological study of the levator ani muscle in patients with pelvic organ prolapse and stress urinary incontinence. Int Urogynecol J 2005 16 : 401 4.
23. Moalli PA, Shand SH, Zyczynski HM, Gordy SC, Meyn LA. Remodelling of vaginal connective tissue in patients with prolapse. Obstet Gynecol 2005 106 : 953 63.
24. Delancey JOL, Kearney R, Chou Q, Speight S, Binno S. The of levator ani muscle abnormalities in magnetic resonance images after vaginal delivery. Obstet Gynecol 2003 101 : 46 53.
25. Dietz HP, Shek C, Clarke B. Biometry of the pubovisceral muscle and levator hiatus by 3-D pelvic floor ultrasound. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2005 25 : 580 5.
26. Dietz HP, Lanzarone I. Levator trauma after vaginal delivery. Obstet Gynecol 2005 106 : 707 12.
27. Nguyen JK. Current concepts in the diagnosis and surgical repair of anterior vaginal wall prolapse due to paravaginal defects. Obstet Gynecol Surv 2001 56 : 239 46.
28. Dietz HP, Pang S, Korda A, Benness C. Paravaginal defects: a comparison of clinical examination and 2D/3D ultrasound imaging. Aust NZJ Obstet Gynecol 2005 45 : 187 190.
29. Kearney R, Miller JM, Delancey JO. Interobserver reliability and physical examination of the pubovisceral portion of the levator ani muscle, validity comparisons using MR imaging. Neurourol Urodyn 2006 25 : 50 4.
30. Digesu GA, Chaliha C, Salvatore S, Hutchings A, Khullar V. The relationship of vaginal prolapse severity to symptoms and quality of life. BJOG 2005 112 : 971 6.