Infrastructure impacts and facility siting issues during hurricanes

Process Safety Progress

Volumn 26, Issue 2, 2007, Pages 108-113

  Moore, David A ^a   Kellogg, Dorothy Allen ^a  

^a AcuTech Consulting Group   (United States)

Author keywords

Business continuity planning; Chemical industry emergency planning; Facility siting; Hurricane Katrina; Process risk management

Indexed keywords

CHEMICAL INDUSTRY; HURRICANE EFFECTS; INDUSTRIAL PLANTS; PETROLEUM INDUSTRY; PROCESS ENGINEERING; RISK ASSESSMENT; STRATEGIC PLANNING;

FACILITY SITING; INFRASTRUCTURE; PROCESS RISK MANAGEMENT;

RISK MANAGEMENT;

CHEMICAL INDUSTRY; HURRICANE EFFECTS; INDUSTRIAL PLANTS; PETROLEUM INDUSTRY; PROCESS ENGINEERING; RISK ASSESSMENT; RISK MANAGEMENT; STRATEGIC PLANNING;

EID: 34250188145     PISSN: 10668527     EISSN: 15475913     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/prs.10193     Document Type: Article

References (26)

1. U.S. Mainland Hurricane Strikes by State, 1851-2004 (http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/paststate.shtml?) derived from The Deadliest, Costliest, and Most Intense United States Tropical Cyclones from 1851 to, 2004, NOAA Technical Memorandum NWS TPC-4;
2. Blake, Jarrell, Rappaport, and Landsea; August 2005. http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/Deadliest_Costliest.shtml
3. Hurricanes are rated on the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale, a 1-5 rating based on a hurricane's intensity. Category 5 hurricanes are characterized by winds greater than 155 miles per hour. The rating is used to give an estimate of the potential property damage and flooding expected along the coast from a hurricane's landfall. Wind speed is the determining factor as storm surge values are highly dependent on the slope of the continental shelf and the shape of the coastline. See http://www.nhc.moaa.gov/aboutsshs.shtml
4. U S. Mainland Hurricane Strikes by State, 1851-2004 (http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/paststate.shtml?).
5. The Deadliest, Costliest, and Most Intense United States Tropical Cyclones from 1851 to 2004; NOAA Technical Memorandum NWS TPC-4; Blake, Jarrell, Rappaport, and Landsea; August 2005; Table 2 and Table 3a. http://www.nhc-noaa.gov/Deadliest_Costliest.shtml.
6. The Federal Response to Hurricane Katrina: Lessons Learned; Frances Fragos Townsend, Assistant to the President for Homeland Security & Counterterrorism; February 2006; Pg 33.
7. Deadliest, Costliest, Most Intense Table 3a.
8. Ibid. Table 2.
9. Ibid.
10. Office of Electricity Delivery & Energy Reliability; US Department of Energy; Final Gulf coast Hurricanes Situation Report No. 46; January 26, 2006 (3:00 p.m. EST).
11. Hurricane Katrinas's Impact on the U.S. Oil and natural Gas Markets; Special Report from the Energy Information Adminstration, US Department of Energy; Tuesday, August 30, 3:00 p.m. http://tonto.ela.doe.gov/oog/ special/eial_katrina_083005.html.
12. Federal Response pg. 34.
13. Only one facility, Murphy oil Meraux Refinery in St. Bernard Parish, LA, reported a release to the environment. See Hurricane Response 2005 Test Result, US Environmental Protection Agency; http://www.epa.gov/ katrina/testresults/Index.html.
14. 40 CFR 258 Subpart B - location Restrictions applies to solid waste landfills); 40 CFR 264.18 applies to hazardous waste treatment, storage, or disposal facilities.
15. Chemical Accident Prevention 40 CFR Chapter 1, Subchapter C, Part 68.
16. 29 CFR 1910.119.
17. Guidelines for Facility Siting and layout, CCPS, AlChE, 2003.
18. RP 752, Management of Hazards Associated with Location of Process Plant Buildings, API, and Chemical Manufacturing Association, 1996.
19. The Emergency Planning and Community Right to Know Act of 1986 42 USC 11011 et seq. Regulations at 40 CFR Chapter I, Subpart J-Superfund, Emergency Planning, and Community Right-to-Know Programs.
20. For example, participants in the DHS's Customs Trade Partnership Against Terrorism (C-TPAT) program ensure the integrity of their security practices and communicate and verify the security guidelines of their business partners within the supply chain to US Customs and Border Protection. http://www.customs.gov/xp/cgov/import/ commercial_enforcement/ctpat/ctpat_faq.xml.
21. The ACC's Responsible Care® Security Code also requires ACC members to assess value chain as well as facility and cyber security http://www.responsiblecaretoolkit.com/security_valuechain.asp.
22. NFPA 1600′ Standard on Disaster/Emergency Management and Business Continuity Programs; 2004 Edition.
23. "We endorse the American National Standards Institute's recommended standard for private preparedness. We were encouraged by Secretary Tom Ridge's praise of the standard, and urge the DHS to promote its adoption. We also encourage the insurance and credit-rating industries to look closely at a company's compliance with the ANSI standard in assessing its insurability and creditworthiness. We believe that compliance with the standard should define the standard of care owed by a company to its employees and the public for legal purposes. Private-sector preparedness is not a luxury; it is a cost of doing business in the post-9/11 world. It is ignored at a tremendous potential cost in lives, money, and national security." The 9/11 Commission Report: Final Report of the National Commission on Terrorist Attacks upon the United States, July 2004, Pg. 398.
24. Homeland Security - Key Elements of a Risk Management Approach; Statement of Raymond J. Decker, Director, Defense Capabilities and Management; Testimony Before the Subcommittee on National Security, Veterans Affairs, and International Relations; House Committee on Government Reform; United States General Accounting Office; GAO; October 12, 2001.
25. NFPA 1600′ Standard on Disaster/Emergency Management and Business Continuity Programs; 2004 Edition.
26. CCPS, Inherently Safer Chemical Processes: A Life Cycle Approach, Center for Chemical Process Safety, AlChE, 1996.