Measuring levels of comorbidity in drug user* emergency patients treated in Ontario hospitals

Substance Use and Misuse

Volumn 42, Issue 2-3, 2007, Pages 199-224

  Adrian, Manuella ^a,b   Van Truong, Minh ^c   Osazuwa, Tim ^b,d  

^a NOVA SOUTHEASTERN UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF GUELPH   (Canada)

^c Gentech   (United States)

^d CENTRE FOR ADDICTION AND MENTAL HEALTH   (Canada)

Author keywords

Co morbidity; Drugs; Measurement; Statistical techniques; Treatment

Indexed keywords

AMPHETAMINE; COCAINE;

ARTICLE; CANADA; CHILDBIRTH; COCAINE DEPENDENCE; COMORBIDITY; CONNECTIVE TISSUE; DIGESTIVE SYSTEM; DISEASE ASSOCIATION; DRUG ABUSE; DRUG DEPENDENCE; EMERGENCY PATIENT; EMERGENCY WARD; HUMAN; MEDICAL RECORD; MENTAL DISEASE; MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM; PARASITOSIS; PERINATAL PERIOD; PREGNANCY COMPLICATION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PUERPERIUM; SKIN DISEASE;

COCAINE-RELATED DISORDERS; COMORBIDITY; EMERGENCY SERVICE, HOSPITAL; FEMALE; HEALTH STATUS; HEALTH SURVEYS; HUMANS; INFANT, NEWBORN; INFECTION; MALE; MENTAL DISORDERS; ONTARIO; OVERDOSE; PATIENT ADMISSION; PREGNANCY; STREET DRUGS; SUBSTANCE-RELATED DISORDERS; UTILIZATION REVIEW;

EID: 34250178820     PISSN: 10826084     EISSN: 15322491     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/10826080601141909     Document Type: Article

References (59)

1. Adrian, M. (1987). Alcohol-related casualty statistics in Ontario and in Canada today and in the realizable future. In N. Giesbrecht & H. Fisher (Eds.), Alcohol-related casualties (pp. 33-34). Toronto: Alcoholism and Drug Addiction Research Foundation.
2. Adrian, M. (1989). Alcohol-related casualty statistics in Canada. In N. Giesbrecht, R. Gonzalez, M. Grant, E. Osterberg, R. Room, I. Rootman, et al. (Eds), Drinking and casualties: Accidents poisonings and violence in an international perspective (pp. 228-244). London: Tavistock/Routledge.
3. Adrian, M. (1991). The numbers game: Words count. The Journal 20(5):7.
4. Adrian, M. (1993). Stats. Facts: Alcohol and other drug use in Canada. The Journal 22(1):7-10.
5. Adrian, M. (1995). Cancer and Drugs and Alcohol. In J.H. Jaffe, J.C. Antrony, C.E. Johanson, M.J. Kuhor, M.H. Moore, E.M. Sellers (eds.), MacMillan Encyclopedia of Drugs and Alcohol (pp. 192-193). New York: MacMillan.
6. Adrian, M., Barry, S. J. (1991). Health problems associated with alcohol and drug use. [Abstract]. The Drinking and Drug Practices Surveyor 23:15.
7. Adrian, M., Barry S. J. (2003). Physical and mental health problems associated with the use of alcohol and drugs. Substance Use & Misuse 38(11-13):1575-1614.
8. Adrian, M., Jull, P., Williams, R. (1989a). Statistics on alcohol and drug use in Canada and other countries: Vol. I: Statistics on alcohol use, data available by 1988. Toronto: Alcoholism and Drug Addiction Research Foundation.
9. Adrian, M., Jull, P., Williams, R. (1989b). Statistics on alcohol and drug use in Canada and other countries: Vol. II: Statistics on drug use, data available by 1988. Toronto: Alcoholism and Drug Addiction Research Foundation.
10. Adrian, M., Layne, N. (1986). Alcohol associated morbidity. In A. Carmi & S. Schneider (Eds.), Drugs and alcohol (pp. 166-183). Berlin: Springer-Verlag.
11. Adrian, M., Osazuwa, T., Truong, M. V. (1993). Treated morbidity in drug patients (ARF Internal Document No. 115). Toronto: Alcoholism and Drug Addiction Research Foundation.
12. Alaja, R., Seppa, K., Sillanaukee, P., Tienari, P., Huyse, F. J., Herzog, T., et al. (1998). Physical and mental comorbidity of substance use disorders in psychiatric consultations. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research 22(8):1820-1824.
13. Allgulander, C., Ljungberg, L., Fisher, L. D. (1987). Longterm prognosis in addiction on sedative and hypnotic drugs analyzed with the ex-regression model Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica 75:521-531.
14. Anderson, H. R., MacNair, R. S., Ramsey, J. D. (1985). Deaths from abuse of volatile substances in a national epidemiological study. British Medical Journal 290:304-307.
15. Benson, G., Holmberg, M. B. (1984). Drugrelated mortality in young people. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica 70:525-534.
16. Callaham, M., Kassel, D. (1985). Epidemiology of fatal tricyclic antidepressant ingestion: Implications for management. Annals of Emergency Medicine 14(1):1-9.
17. Corel Corporation. (2001). Quattro Pro 10. WordPerfect Office 2002. Ottawa: Author.
18. Cornwell, P. D., Valentour, J. C., Wiecking, D. K. (1986). Cocaine deaths in Virginia. Medico-Legal Bulletin, Sep-Oct; 35(5):1-8.
19. Cox, T. C., Marshman, J. A., Leblanc, A. E., Jacobs, M. R. Revised by M.R. Jacobs and K.O.B. Fehr. (1987). Addiction Research Foundation's drugs and drug abuse (2nd ed.). Toronto: Addiction Research Foundation.
20. Curran, G. M., Sullivan, G., Williams, K., Han, X., Collins, K., Keys, J., et al. (2003). Emergency department use of persons with comorbid psychiatric and substance abuse disorders. Annals of Emergency Medicine 41(5):659-667.
21. Davis, S. (1998). Injection drug use and HIV infection among the seriously mentally ill: A report from Vancouver. Canadian Journal of Community Mental Health 17(1):121-127.
22. Forman, E. M., Berk, M. S., Henriques, G. R., Brown, G. K., Beck, A. T. (2004). History of multiple suicide attempts as a behavioral marker of severe psychopathology. American Journal of Psychiatry 161(3):437-443.
23. Fortin, R. W., Fischman, M. W., Pedroso, J. J., Pearlson, G. D. (1987). Marijuana and cocaine interactions in humans: Cardiovascular consequences. Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior 28(4):459-464.
24. Harruff, R. C., Francisco, J. T. (1987). Cocaine-related deaths in Memphis and Shelby county. Journal of the Tennessee Medical Association 1987 Avg; 80(8):475-477.
25. Hospital Medical Records Institute. (1979). Data management workshop. Toronto: Author.
26. Jacobs, M., Cox, T., Marshman, J. A. (1987). Drug abuse. Toronto: Addiction Research Foundation.
27. Kahn, H. A., Sempes, C. T. (1989). Statistical methods in epidemiology. New York: Oxford University Press.
28. Kiesler, C. A., Simpkins, C. G., Morton, T. L. (1981). Prevalence of dual diagnoses of mental and substance abuse disorders in general hospitals. Hospital & Community Psychiatry 42(4):400-403.
29. Kontos, M. C., Jesse, R. L., Tatum, J. L., Ornato, J. P. (2003). Coronary angiographic findings in patients with cocaine-associated chest pain. Journal of Emergency Medicine 24(1):9-13.
30. Koppel, B. S., Samkoff, L., Daras, M. (1996). Relation of cocaine use to seizures and epilepsy. Epilepsia 37(9):875-878.
31. Lotus Development Corporation. (1989). Lotus 1-2-3. Cambridge, MA: Author.
32. Maykut, M. O. (1985). Health consequences of acute and chronic marihuana use. Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry 9(3):209-238.
33. Microsoft Corporation. (2001). Microsoft Excel. Microsoft Office XP professional version 2002. Seattle, WA: Author.
34. Murray, C. J. L., Lopez, A. D. (Eds.) (1996). The global burden of disease: A comprehensive assessment of mortality and disability from diseases, injuries, and risk factors in 1990 and projected To 2020. Cambridge, MA: Harvard School of Public Health.
35. Nace, E. P., Davis C. W., Gaspari, J. P. (1991). Axis II comorbidity in substance abusers. American Journal of Psychiatry 148(1):118-120.
36. Osborn, H. H., Tang, M., Bradley, K., Duncan, B. R. (1997). New-onset bronchospasm or recrudescence of asthma associated with cocaine abuse. Academic Emergency Medicine 4(7):689-692.
37. Piesieur-Strehlow, B., Strehlow, U., Poser, W. (1986). Mortality of patients dependent on benzodiazepines. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica 73:330-335.
38. Refier, D. A., Farmer, M. E., Rae, D. S., Locke, B. Z., Keith, S. J., Judd, L. L., et al. (1990). Comorbidity of mental disorders with alcohol and other drug abuse. JAMA 264(19):2511-2518.
39. Rogers, J. N., Henry, T. E., Jones, A. M., Froede, R. C., Byers, J. M. (1986). Cocaine-related deaths in Pima County, Arizona, 1982-1984. Journal of Forensic Sciences 1986 Oct; 31(4):1404-1408.
40. Rosenblum, A., Nuttbrock, L., McQuistion, H., Magura, S., Joseph, H. (2002). Medical outreach to homeless substance users in New York City: Preliminary results. Substance Use & Misuse 37(8-10):1269-1273.
41. Scher, M. S., Richardson, G. A., Day, N. L. (2000). Effects of prenatal cocaine/crack and other drug exposure on electroencephalographic sleep studies at birth and one year. Pediatrics 105(1, Pt. 1):39-48.
42. Schlaerth, K. R., Splawn, R. G., Ong, J., Smith, S. D. (2004). Change in the pattern of illegal drug use in an inner city population over 50: An observational study. Journal of Addictive Diseases 23(2):95-107.
43. Schmidt, W. (1980). Effects of alcohol consumption on health. Journal of Public Health Policy 1(1):25-40.
44. Schmidt, W., de Lint, J. (1969). Mortality experiences of male and female alcoholic patients. Quarterly Journal of Studies on Alcohol 30(1):112-118.
45. Schmidt, W., Popham, R. E. (1981). The role of drinking and smoking in mortality from cancer and other causes in male alcoholics. Cancer 47(5):1031-1041.
46. Scott, R. T. A. (1986). Medical aspects of drug misuse during one year in a rehabilitation unit. Journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners 36:514-516.
47. Silverman, N. A., Levitsky, S., Mammana, R. (1984). Acute endocarditis in drug addicts: Surgical treatment for multiple value infection. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 4(4):680-684.
48. Smith, C. G., Asch, R. H. (1987). Drug abuse and reproduction. Fertility and Sterility 48(3):355-373.
49. Statistics Canada. (1989). Hospital morbidity 1985-86. Health reports supplement. Ottawa: Author.
50. Sutton, S., Lum, B. L., Torti, F. M. (1986). Possible risk of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis with marijuana use during chemotherapy for small cell lung cancer. Drug Intelligence & Clinical Pharmacy 1986 Apr; 20(4):289-291.
51. Swaroop, S. (1960). Introduction to health statistics for the use of health officers, students, public health and social workers, etc. Edinburgh: D. S. Livingstone.
52. Taylor, F. M. (1988). Marijuana as a potential respiratory tract carcinogen: A retrospective analysis of a community hospital population. Southern Medical Journal 81(10):213-216.
53. Tufte, E. R. (1983). The visual display of quantitative information. Cheshire, CT: Graphics Press.
54. Tufte, E. R. (1990). Envisioning information. Cheshire, CT: Graphics Press.
55. Tufte, E. R. (1997). Visual explanations. Cheshire, CT: Graphics Press.
56. Wang, T., Hadidi, F., Triani, F., Bargout, M. (1988). Myocardial infarction associated with the use of cocaine. The American Journal of Medical Sciences 1988 Jun; 295(6):569-571.
57. Wells, K. B., Golding, J. M., Burnam, M. A. (1989). Chronic medical conditions in a sample of the general population with anxiety, affective, and substance use disorders. American Journal of Psychiatry 146(11):1440-1446.
58. Williams, B., Chang, K., Truong, M. V. (1992). Canadian profile: Alcohol and other drugs 1992. Toronto: Alcoholism and Drug Addiction Research Foundation.
59. World Health Organization. (1977). International classification of diseases, 1975 revision (2 vols.). Geneva: Author.