Characterization of sodium emulsion soaps formed from production fluids of Kutei Basin, Indonesia

Energy and Fuels

Volumn 21, Issue 3, 2007, Pages 1741-1759

  Gallup, Darrell L ^a   Curiale, Joseph A ^a   Smith, P Colin ^b  

^a CHEVRON ENERGY TECHNOLOGY COMPANY   (United States)

^b OIL PLUS LTD   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BIODEGRADATION; CARBOXYLIC ACIDS; DEMULSIFICATION; EMULSIONS; HEATING; SYNTHESIS (CHEMICAL);

NAPHTHENIC ACIDS; SOAP-FORMATION MECHANISMS; SODIUM BICARBONATE; TOTAL ACID NUMBER;

CRUDE PETROLEUM;

EID: 34250174571     PISSN: 08870624     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1021/ef060198u     Document Type: Article

References (42)

1. Turner, M.; Smith, C. P. Controls on soap scale formation, including naphthenate soaps - drivers and mitigation. Presented at the Seventh International Symposium on Oilfield Scale, Aberdeen, U.K., May 11-12, 2005, Paper No. SPE 94339.
2. Curiale, J.; Lin, R.; Decker, J. Org. Geochem. 2005, 36, 405-424.
3. Rousseau, G.; Zhou, H.; Hurtevent, C. Calcium Carbonate and Naphthenate Mixed Scale in Deep Offshore Fields; Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2001, Paper No. SPE 68307.
4. Gallup, D. L.; Smith, P. C.; Chipponeri, J.; Abuyazid, A.; Mulyono, D. Formation and Mitigation of "Metallic Soap" Sludge, Serang, Indonesia Field, 2002; Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2002, Paper No. SPE 68307.
5. Turner, M.; Smith, P. C. Experiences in Handling Production Fluids that Form Metallic Soaps/Naphthenate Scales, Produced Water Society 12th Annual Produced Water Seminar, 2002, Houston, TX.
6. Vinstad, J. E.; Bye, A. S.; Grande, K. V.; Hustad, B. M.; Nergard, B. Fighting Naphthenate Deposition at the Heidrun Field; Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2003, Paper No. SPE 80375.
7. Roden, J. Calcium Naphthenate Control on the Blake Field. Flow Assurance Europe; International Quality and Productivity Center (IQPC), London, U.K., 2003.
8. Gallup, D. L.; Star, J. Soap Sludges: Aggravating Factors and Mitigation Measures; Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2004, Paper No. SPE 87471.
9. Ubbels, S. J. Preventing Naphthenate Stabilized Emulsions and Naphthenate Deposits During Crude Oil Processing. In Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Petroleum Phase Behaviour and Fouling, Banff, Canada, 2004.
10. Gallup, D. L.; Smith, P.C.; Star, J.; Hamilton, S. West Seno Deepwater Development Case History - Production Chemistry; Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2005, Paper No. SPE 92969.
11. Lin, R.; Sailer, A.; Dunham, J.; Teas, P.; Kacewicz, M.; Curiale, J.; Decker, J. Source, Generation, Migration and Critical Controls on Oil vs. Gas in the Deepwater Kutai Petroleum System. In Proceedings of the Indonesian Petroleum Association, Thirtieth Annual Convention & Exhibition, 2005.
12. Gallup, D. L. Ca-Naphthenates and Metallic Soap Deposits: Formation and Mitigation. In Flow Assurance - A Holistic Approach, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, December 2004; International Quality and Productivity Center (IQPC).
13. Baugh, T. D.; Wolf, N. O.; Mediaas, H.; Vinstad, J. E.; Grande, K. Characterisation of a Calcium Naphthenate Deposit - the ARN Acid Discovery. Presented at the Seventh International Symposium on Oilfield Scale; Aberdeen, U.K., May 11-12, 2005, Paper No. SPE 95111.
14. Smith, P. C. Soaps (Naphthenates) Scales Management from Deepwater Flow Assurance Aspects to Oil Terminal Sludge Processing Workshop. In Flow Assurance - A Holistic Approach, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, December 2004; International Quality and Productivity Center (IQPC).
15. Tomson, M. B.; Kan, A. T.; Fu, G.; Wu, X.; Al-Thubaiti, M.; Kirk, J.; Martin, R.; Prukop, G.; Esra Inana, E.; Davis, S. T. Simultaneous Analysis of Total Alkalinity and Organic Acid in Oilfield Brine; Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2005, Paper No. SPE 93266.
16. Berkhof, R. Treatment of Crude Oil Emulsions; A Combined Action Between Field Conditions and Demulsifiers. Servo Technical Publication 1996, 1966.
17. de Mul, M. N. G.; Davis, H. T.; Evans, D. F.; Bhave, A. V.; Wagner, J. R. Langmuir 2000, 16, 8276-8284.
18. Kim, S.; Stanford, L. A.; Rodgers, R. P.; Marshall, A. G.; Walters, C. C.; Qian, K.; Wenger, L. M.; Mankiewicz, P. Org. Geochem. 2005, 36, 1117-1134.
19. Putra, S. Transportation of High Pour Point Oil Through Long Hilly Terrain Pipe Line in East Kalimantan Indonesia. In Flow Assurance - A Holistic Approach, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, December 2004; International Quality and Productivity Center (IQPC).
20. Saab, J.; Mokbel, I.; Razzouk, A. C.; Ainous, N.; Zydowicz, N.; Jose, J. Energy Fuels 2005, 19, 525-531.
21. Gilby, G. W. Chemicals in the Oil Industry; Odgen, P. H., Ed.; The Royal Society of Chemistry: London, U.K., 1983; pp 108-124.
22. Kokal, S.; Al-Juraid, J. Quantification of Various Factors Affecting Emulsion Stability: Watercut, Temperature, Shear, Asphaltene Content, Demulsifier Dosage and Mixing Different Crudes; Society of Petroleum Engineers, 1999, Paper No. SPE 56641.
23. Kokal, S.; Wingrove, M. Emulsion Separation Index: From Laboratory to Field Case Studies; Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2000, Paper No. SPE 63165.
24. Woelfin, W. The viscosity of crude oil emulsions. In Drilling and Production; API: 1942; p 148.
25. Smith, C. P.; Turner, M. Naphthenate and Carboxylate Soaps Scales Masterclass. In Flow Assurance Europe; International Quality and Productivity Center (IQPC): London, U.K., 2003.
26. Copelin, E. C. Literature survey on nonhydrocarbons in crude oil: Part I. Carboxylic acids, analytical methods and composition. Union Oil Company: 1965, memo RFK-509-M. (Unpublished).
27. Copelin, E. C. Literature survey on nonhydrocarbons in crude oil: Part II. Geochemistry of carboxylic acids in crude oil, sediments, natural waters, and organisms. Union Oil Company: 1966, memo 11. (Unpublished).
28. Seifert, W. K. Prog. Chem. Org. Nat. Prod. 1975, 32, 1-49.
29. Seifert, W. K. Pure Appl. Chem. 1973, 34, 633-640.
30. Mackenzie, A. S.; Wolff, G. A.; Maxwell, J. R. Advances in Organic Geochemistry; Wiley: Chichester, U.K., 2001; pp 637-649.
31. Tissot, B. P.; Welte, D. H. Petroleum Formation and Occurrence, 2nd Edition; Springer-Verlag: Berlin, 1984; 699 pp.
32. Lin, R.; Schwing, H. F.; Decker, J. Source and migration in the Makassar-Mahakam deep water petroleum system, East Kalimantan, Indonesia. Bull. Am. Assoc. Petrol. Geol. 2000, 84, 1455 (abstract).
33. Lin, R.; Jardine, E.; Mudford, B. Dual petroleum systems of the Pattani Basin, Gulf of Thailand. Proceedings of the Annual American Association of Petroleum Geologists Convention, 2000, Extended Abstract No. A404 v 2.
34. Taylor, P.; Jardine, E.; Lin, R.; Kacewicz, M. Characterization of Lacustrine Source Rocks, and the Occurrence of Lacustrine Oils in the Pattani Basin, Gulf of Thailand. Bull. Am. Assoc. Petrol. Geol. 2000, 84, 1503 (abstract).
35. Jaffe, R.; Albrecht, P.; Oudin, J.-L. Org. Geochem. 1988, 13, 483-488.
36. Meridith, W.; Kelland, S.-J.; Jones, D. M. Org. Geochem. 2000, 31, 1059-1073.
37. Watson, J. S.; Jones, D. M.; Swannell, R. P. J.; van Duin, A. C. T. Org. Geochem. 2002, 33, 1153-1169.
38. Barth, T.; Hoiland, S.; Fotland, P.; Askvik, K. M.; Pedersen, B. S.; Borgund, A. E. Org. Geochem. 2004, 35, 1513-1525.
39. Mycke, B.; Hall, K.; Leplat, P. Org. Geochem. 1994, 21, 797-800.
40. Horsfield, B.; Disko, U.; Leistner, F. Geol. Rundsch. 1989, 78, 361-374.
41. Bretherton, N.; Smith, R.; Keilty, G.; Ubbels, S. Naphthenate Control: Is Acetic Acid Injection the Answer? Presented at the Society of Petroleum Engineers Oilfield Scale Symposium, 2005, Aberdeen, U.K., Paper No. SPE 95115.
42. Geomark Research, Inc. gTAN - Comparative Study of Geochemical Parameters and Petroleum Acid Content, 2001. (Proposal.)