Key role of reactor internals in hydroprocessing of oil fractions

Energy and Fuels

Volumn 21, Issue 3, 2007, Pages 1731-1740

  Alvarez, Anton ^a   Ramírez, Sergio ^a   Ancheyta, Jorge ^a,b   Rodríguez, Luis M ^c  

^a INSTITUTO MEXICANO DEL PETRÓLEO   (Mexico)

^b INSTITUTO POLITÉCNICO NACIONAL   (Mexico)

^c PEMEX   (Mexico)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CATALYSTS; CHEMICAL REACTORS; QUALITY CONTROL;

DISTRIBUTOR TRAYS; FIXED-BED HYDROPROCESSING REACTOR; QUENCH BOXES; REACTOR INTERNAL HARDWARE;

HYDRAULIC FRACTURING;

EID: 34250161830     PISSN: 08870624     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1021/ef060650+     Document Type: Article

References (73)

1. Swain, J.; Zonnevylle, M. Are You Really Getting the Most from Your Hydroprocessing Reactors? Presented at the European Technology Conference, Rome, November 15, 2000.
2. Jacobs, G. E.; Krenzke, L. D. Insights on Reactor Internals for ULSD - Performance of Existing New Hardware. In Proceedings of the NPRA Annual Meeting, San Antonio, TX, March 23-25, 2003; AM-03-92.
3. Chou, T. Pet. Technol. Q. 2004, 4, 79-85.
4. Sie, S. T. Appl. Catal. A 2001, 212, 129-151.
5. Sie, S. T. Fuel Proc. Technol. 1999, 61, 149-171.
6. Knudsen, K. G.; Cooper, B. H.; Topsøe, H. Appl. Catal. A 1999, 189, 205-215.
7. Song, C. Catal. Today 2003, 86, 211-263.
8. Sanford, E. C.; Kitchen, R. Oil Gas J. 1988, December 19, 35-41.
9. Criterion Catalyst and Technologies. Technical Bulletin: Hydrotreating Catalyst Reactor Loading Guidelines. http://www.criterioncataysts.com (accessed Oct 2006).
10. Haldor Topsøe. Brochure: Pressure Drop Control. http://www. topsoe.com (accessed Oct 2006).
11. Hamilton, G. L.; Van der Linde, B.; DiCamillo, D. Hydrotreating Revamp Options for Improved Quality Diesel via Cocurrent/Countercurrent Reactor Systems. Presented at the AICHE Spring National Meeting, Atlanta, Georgia, March 5-9, 2000.
12. Bingham, E.; Christensen, P. Revamping HDS Units to Meet High Quality Diesel Specifications. Presented at the Asian Pacific Refining Technology Conference, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, March 8-10, 2000.
13. Bharvani, R. R.; Henderson, R. S. Hydrocarbon Process. 2002, 81, 61-64.
14. Torrisi, S.; DiCamillo, D.; Street, R.; Remans, T.; Svendsen, J. Proven Best Practices for ULSD Production, AM-02-35. In Proceedings of the NPRA Annual Meeting, San Antonio, TX, March 17-19, 2002; AM-02-35.
15. Palmer, R. E.; Torrisi, S. Pet. Technol. Q. 2003, Revamps, 15-18.
16. Turner, J.; Reisdorf. M. Hydrocarbon Process. 2004, March.
17. Yeary, D. L.; Wrisberg, J.; Moyse, M. Hydrocarbon Eng. 1997, September, 25-29.
18. Patel, R. H.; Bingham, E.; Christensen, P.; Müller, M. Hydroprocessing Reactor and Process Design to Optimize Catalyst Performance. Presented at The First Indian Refining Roundtable, New Delhi, India, December 1-2, 1998.
19. Vasudevan, P. T.; Fierro, J. L. G. Catal. Rev. Sci. Eng. 1996, 38, 161-188.
20. Furimsky, E. Appl. Catal. A 1998, 171, 177-206.
21. Simpson, S. G. Refining Catalysts for High Specification Transportation Fuels. Presented at the Institute of Petroleum Meeting: "Improved Catalytic Processes", London, April 10, 1997.
22. Jacobs, G. E.; Milliken, A. S. Hydrocarbon Process. 2000, November, 76-84.
23. Mayo, S. W. Maximizing Cycle Length with Akzo Nobel's Guard Bed and Liquid Distribution Technology. Fuel Technol. Manage. 1999, March.
24. Ouwerkerk, C. E. D.; Bratland, E. S.; Hagan, A. P.; Kikkert, B. L. J. P.; Zonnevylle, M. C. Pet. Technol. Q. 1999, 2, 21-30.
25. Ancheyta, J.; Speight, J. Hydroprocessing of Heavy Oils and Residua; Taylor and Francis Group: New York, 2007.
26. Satterfield, C. N. AIChE J. 1975, 21, 209.
27. Bingham, E.; Chan, E.; Mankowski, T.; Hubbard, P. Improved Reactor Internals for Syncrude's HGO Hydrotreaters. In Proceedings of the NPRA Annual Meeting, San Antonio, TX, March 26-28, 2000; AM-00-19.
28. Pedersen, M. J.; Sampath, V. R.; Litchfield, J. F. Method and Apparatus for Mixing and Distributing Fluids in a Reactor. U.S. Patent 5,462,719, 1995.
29. Stangeland, B. E.; Parimi, K.; Cash, D. R. Distributor Assembly for Multi-Bed Down-Flow Catalytic Reactors. U.S. Patent 5,690,896, 1997.
30. Aly, F. A.; Graven, R. G.; Lewis, D. W. Distribution System for Downflow Reactors. U.S. Patent 4,836,989, 1989.
31. Koros, R. M.; Wong, Y. W.; Wyatt, J. T.; Dankworth, D. C. Mixed Phase Fixed Bed Reactor Distributor. U.S. Patent 5,403,601, 1995.
32. Halik, R. R.; Hill, D. F. Method for Distributing a Vapor-Liquid Feed and Apparatus Therefor. U.S. Patent 2,898,292, 1959.
33. Effron, E.; Hochman, J. M. Mixed-Phase Flow Distributor for Packed Beds. U.S. Patent 3,524,731, 1970.
34. Grosboll, M. P.; Edison, R. R.; Dresser, T. Apparatus and Process for Distributing a Mixed Phase through Solids. U.S. Patent 4,126,540, 1978.
35. Muldowney, G. P.; Weiss, R. A.; Wolfenbarger, J. A. Two-Phase Distributor System for Downflow Reactors. U.S. Patent 5,484,578, 1996.
36. Riopelle, J. E. Bed Reactor with Quench Deck. U.S. Patent 3,353,924, 1967.
37. Zimmerman, M. U. Entrainment-Obviating Bubble Cap. U.S. Patent 2,778,621, 1957.
38. Ballard, J. H.; Hines, J. E. Vapor-Liquid Distribution Method and Apparatus for the Conversion of Hydrocarbons. U.S. Patent 3,128,249, 1965.
39. Jacobs, G. E.; Stupin, W. S.; Kuskie, R. W.; Logman, R. A. Reactor Distribution Apparatus and Quench Zone Mixing Apparatus. U.S. Patent 6,098,965, 2000.
40. Kundu, A.; Nigam, K. D. P.; Duquenne, A. M.; Delmas, H. Rev. Chem. Eng. 2003, 19, 531-605.
41. Den Hartog, A. P.; van Vliet, W. Multi-bed Downflow Reactor. U.S. Patent 5,635,145, 1997.
42. Altrichter, D. M.; Creyghton, E. J.; Ouwehand, C.; van Veen, J. A. R.; Hanna, A. New Catalyst Technologies for Increased Hydrocracker Profitability and Product Quality. In Proceedings of the NPRA Annual Meeting, San Antonio, TX, March 21-23, 2004; AM-04-60.
43. Seidel, T.; Dunbar, M.; Johnson, B. G.; Moyse, B. What a Difference the Tray Made. In Proceedings of the NPRA Annual Meeting, San Antonio, TX, March 17-19, 2002; AM-02-52.
44. McDougald, N. K.; Boyd, S. L.; Muldowney, G. P. Multiphase Mixing Device with Baffles. U.S. Patent 7,045,103, 2006.
45. Davis, T. J. EMRE Hydroprocessing Technologies & Low Sulfur Motor Fuels. Presented at the PEMEX Seminar, Mexico City, December, 2002.
46. Akzo Nobel. Akzo Nobel Duplex Distributor Tray. Presented at the Mexican Institute of Petroleum, Mexico City, May 14, 2003.
47. Hoftyzer, P. J. Trans. Inst. Chem. Eng. 1964, 42, 109-117.
48. Haldor Topsøe. High-Performance Reactor Internals. Presented at the Mexican Institute of Petroleum, Mexico City, May 22, 2003.
49. Muñoz, J. A. D.; Alvarez, A.; Ancheyta, J.; Rodríguez, M. A.; Marroquín, G. Catal. Today 2005, 109, 214-218.
50. Hanika, J.; Sporka, K.; Ruzicka, V.; Pistek, R. Chem. Eng. Sci. 1977, 32, 525-528.
51. Furimsky, E.; Massoth, F. E. Catal. Today 1999, 52, 381-495.
52. Yan, T. Y. Can. J. Chem. Eng. 1980, 58, 259-266.
53. Hsu, C. S.; Robinson, P. R. Practical Advances in Petroleum Processing; Springer: New York, 2006; Vol. 1.
54. Shah, Y. T.; Mhaskar, R. D.; Paraskos, J. A. Ind. Eng. Chem., Process Des. Dev. 1976, 15, 400-406.
55. Mhaskar, R. D.; Shah, Y. T.; Paraskos, J. A. Ind. Eng. Chem. 1978, 17, 27-33.
56. Alvarez, A.; Ancheyta, J.; Muñoz, J. A. D. Energy Fuels, 2007, 21, 1133-1144.
57. Ballard, J. H.; Hines, J. E. Apparatus for Mixing Fluids in Concurrent Downflow Relationship. U.S. Patent 3,502,445, 1970.
58. Peyrot, C. F. Mixing Device for Vertical Flow Fluid-Solid Contacting. U.S. Patent 4,669,890, 1987.
59. Boyd, S. L.; Muldowney, G. P. Interbed Gas-Liquid Mixing System for Cocurrent Downflow Reactors. U.S. Patent 6,180,068, 2001.
60. Sarli, M. S.; McGovern, S. J.; Lewis, D. W.; Snyder, P. W. Improved Hydrocracker Temperature Control: Mobil Quench Zone Technology. In Proceedings of the NPRA Annual Meeting, San Antonio, TX, March 21-23, 1993; AM-93-79.
61. Stangeland, B. E.; Parimi, K.; Cash, D. R. Distributor Assembly for Multi-Bed Down-Flow Catalytic Reactors. U.S. Patent 5,690,896, 1997.
62. Chevron Lummus Global. Brochure: Isocracking (Nautilus Internals). http://www.chevron.com (accessed Oct 2006).
63. Nelson, D. E.; Kuskie, R. W.; Bingham, F. E. Reactor Distribution Apparatus and Quench Zone Mixing Apparatus. U.S. Patent 6,984,365, 2006.
64. Chevron Lummus Global. Brochure: CLG ISOMIX Reactor Internals Technology. http://www.chevron.com (accessed Oct 2006).
65. Litchfield, J. F.; Pedersen, M. J.; Sampath, V. R. Optimization of Interbed Distributors. In Proceedings of the NPRA Annual Meeting, San Antonio, TX, March 17-19, 1996; AM-96-73.
66. Pedersen, M. J.; Sampath, V. R.; Litchfield, J. F. Method and Apparatus for Mixing and Distributing Fluids in a Reactor. U.S. Patent 5,462,719, 1995.
67. Albermarle. Brochure: Maximize reactor performance with state-of-the-art PLEX internals. http://www.albermarle.com (accessed Oct 2006).
68. Grott, J. R.; Bunting, R. L.; Hoehn, R. K.; Goodspeed, R. F. Hydroprocessing Reactor Mixer/Distributor. U.S. Patent 5,837,208, 1998.
69. Van Vliet, W.; Den Hartog, A. P.; Den Hartog-Snoeij, M. Mixing Device Comprising a Swirl Chamber for Mixing Liquid. U.S. Patent 7,078,002, 2006.
70. Moyse, B. Question 4. Answer Book of The Question and Answer Session on Refining and Petrochemical technology of the NPRA Annual Meeting, Chicago, IL, October 10-12, 2001.
71. Edgar, M. D.; Johnson, A. D.; Pistorius, J. T. Troubleshooting on Hydrotretating Units. Presented at the NPRA Annual Meeting, San Antonio, TX, March 25-27, 1984.
72. Bjorklund, B. L.; Heckel, T. L.; Howard, N. D.; Lindsay, D. A.; Piasecki, D. J. The Lower It Goes, The Tougher It Gets. In Proceedings of the NPRA Annual Meeting, San Antonio, TX, March 26-28, 2000; AM-00-16.
73. UOP. Brochure: UltraMix Reactor Internals. http://www.uop.com (accessed Oct 2006).