Growing more ductile epoxies: An essential work of fracture study

Journal of Coatings Technology and Research

Volumn 4, Issue 2, 2007, Pages 151-159

  Pfaff, Frederick A ^a  

^a Stonhard   (United States)

Author keywords

Crosslinking cure; Differential scanning calorimetry; Epoxy resins; Fracture toughness; High solids; Mechanical properties; Solvent resistance; Thermal properties

Indexed keywords

AMINES; CROSSLINKING; DIFFERENTIAL SCANNING CALORIMETRY; DUCTILITY; FRACTURE TOUGHNESS; PLASTICIZERS; POLYAMIDES; SOLVENTS; VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS;

CROSSLINKING CURE; HARDENERS; HIGH SOLIDS; SOLVENT RESISTANCE;

EPOXY RESINS;

EID: 34249903892     PISSN: 15470091     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s11998-007-9013-4     Document Type: Review

References (32)

1. Gillham, JK, "Cure and Properties of Thermosetting Polymers." In: Kinloch, AJ (ed.) Structural Adhesives: Developments in Resins and Primers, pp. 1-27. Elsevier Applied Science Publishers, London (1986)
2. Pfaff, FA, "Mechanical Relaxation Effects in Amine Cured Epoxies." In: Proc, SPI Epoxy Resin Formulators Conference, New Orleans, LA, Nov 3-5 (1996)
3. Yee, AF, Pearson, RA, "Toughening Mechanisms in Elastomer-Modified Epoxies, Part 1, Mechanical Studies." J. Mater. Sci., 21 2462-2474 (1986)
4. Pearson, RA, Yee, AF, "Toughening Mechanisms in Elastomer-Modified Epoxies, Part 2, Microscopy Studies." J. Mater Sci., 21 2475-2488 (1986)
5. Pearson, RA, Yee, AF, "Toughening Mechanisms in Elastomer-Modified Epoxies, Part 3, The Effect of Crosslink Density." J. Mater. Sci., 24 2571-2580 (1989)
6. Pearson, RA, Yee, AF, "Influence of Particle Size and Particle Size Distribution on Toughening Mechanisms in Rubber-Modified Epoxies." J. Mater. Sci., 26 3828-3844 (1991)
7. Cardwell, BJ, Yee, AF, "Toughening of Epoxies Through Thermoplastic Crack Bridging." J. Mater. Sci., 33 5473-55484 (1998)
8. Yee, AF, Li, D, Li, X, "The Importance of Constraint Relief Caused by Rubber Cavitation in the Toughening of Epoxy." J. Mater. Sci., 28 6392-6398 (1993)
9. Kinloch, AJ, Hunston, DL, "Effect of Volume Fraction of Dispersed Rubbery Phase on the Toughness of Rubber-Toughened Epoxy Polymers." J. Mater. Sci. Lett., 6 137-139 (1987)
10. Huang, Y, Kinloch, AJ, "The Role of Plastic Void Growth in the Fracture of Rubber-Toughened Epoxy Polymers." J. Mater. Sci. Lett., 11 484-487 (1992)
11. Huang, Y, Kinloch, AJ, "Modelling of the Toughening Mechanisms in Rubber-Modified Epoxy Polymers." J. Mater. Sci., 27 2763-2769 (1992)
12. Xiao, K, Ye, L, "Rate-Effect on Fracture Behavior of Core-Shell-Rubber (CSR)-Modified Epoxies." Pol. Eng. Sci., 40 70-81 (2000)
13. Xiao, K, Ye, L, "Effects of Rubber-Rich Domains and the Rubber-Plasticized Matrix on the Fracture Behavior of Liquid Rubber-Modified Araldite-F Epoxies." Pol. Eng. Sci., 40 2288-2298 (2000)
14. D5045, Amer. Soc. Test. Mater., 08.02
15. E1820, Amer. Soc. Test. Mater., 03.01
16. Nichols, ME, Darr, CA, Smith, CA, Thouless, MD, Fischer, ER, "Fracture Energy of Automotive Clearcoats - I." Exp Methods Mech. Poly. Degrad. Stab., 60 291-299 (1998)
17. Nichols, ME, Gerlock, CA, Smith, CA, Darr, CA, "The Effects of Weathering on the Mechanical Performance of Automotive Paint Systems." Prog. Org. Coatings, 35 153-159 (1999)
18. Nichols, MEJ, "Anticipating Paint Cracking: The Application of Fracture Mechanics to the Study of Paint Weathering." JCT, 74 (924) 39 (2002)
19. Nichols, ME, "Using Fracture Mechanics to Characterize Organic Coatings." JCT CoatingsTech, 2 (21) 62-67 (2005)
20. Cotterell, B, Reddel, JK, "The Essential Work of Plane Stress Fracture." Int. J. Fract., 13 267-277 (1977)
21. Mouzakis, DE, Gahleitner, M, Karger-Kocsis, J, "Toughness Assessment of Elastomeric Polypropylene (ELPP) by the Essential Work of the Fracture Method." J. Appl. Pol. Sci., 70873-881 (1998)
22. Karger-Kocsis, J, Moskala, EJ, "Molecular Dependence of the Essential and Non-Essential Work of Fracture of Amorphous Films of poly(ethylene-2,6-naphthalate) (PEN)." Polymer, 41 6301-6310 (2000)
23. Mai, Y-W, Powell, P, "Essential Work of Fracture and J-lntegral Measurements for Ductile Polymers." J. Polym. Sci. Phys. B, 29 785-793 (1991)
24. Wu, J, Mai, Y-W, "The Essential Fracture Work Concept for Toughness Measurement of Ductile Polymers." Pol. Eng. Sci., 36 (18) 2275-2288 (1996)
25. Fasce, L, Bernal, C, Frontini, P, Mai, Y-W, "On the Impact Essential Work of Fracture of Ductile Polymers." Pol Eng. Sci., 41 (1) 1-13 (2001)
26. Light, ME, Lesser, AJ, "Effect of Test Conditions on the Essential Work of Fracture in Polyethylene Terephthalate Film." J. Mater. Sci., 40 2861-2866 (2005)
27. D792, Amer. Soc. Test. Mater., 08.01
28. Miller, DR, Macosko, CW, "A New Derivation of Post Gel Properties of Network Polymers." Macromolecules, 9 206-211 (1976)
29. Lesser, AJ, Kody, RS, "A Generalized Model for the Yield Behavior of Epoxy Networks in Multi-axial Stress States." J. Polym. Sci., Polym. Phys., 35 1611-1619 (1997)
30. E1356, Amer. Soc. Test. Mater., 14.02
31. D638, Amer. Soc. Test. Mater., 08.01
32. Pascault, J-P, Sautereau, H, Verdu, J, Williams, RJJ, Thermosetting Polymers. Marcel Dekker, New York (2002), p. 369