The geography of wage discrimination in the pre-civil rights south

Journal of Economic History

Volumn 67, Issue 2, 2007, Pages 410-444

  Sundstrom, William A ^a  

^a SANTA CLARA UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BLACK POPULATION; CIVIL RIGHTS; ECONOMIC HISTORY; RACIAL SEGREGATION; SOCIAL MOVEMENT; WAGE GAP; WORKING CONDITIONS;

EID: 34249878993     PISSN: 00220507     EISSN: 14716372     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1017/S0022050707000150     Document Type: Article

References (63)

1. Akerlof, George A. "Discriminatory, Status-based Wages among Tradition-oriented, Stochastically Trading Coconut Producers." Journal of Political Economy 93 (April 1985): 265-276.
2. Allport, Gordon W. The Nature of Prejudice. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley, 1954.
3. Alston, Lee J. "Race Etiquette in the South: The Role of Tenancy." Research in Economic History 10 (1986): 199-211.
4. Alston, Lee J., and Joseph P. Ferrie. "Labor Costs, Paternalism, and Loyalty in Southern Agriculture: A Constraint on the Growth of the Welfare State." This JOURNAL 45, no. 1 (1985): 95-117.
5. Alston, Lee J., and Joseph P. Ferrie. "Paternalism in Agricultural Labor Contracts in the U.S. South: Implications for the Growth of the Welfare State." American Economic Review 83 (September 1993): 852-76.
6. Alston, Lee J., and Kyle D. Kauffman. "Competition and the Compensation of Share-croppers by Race: A View from Plantations in the Early Twentieth Century." Explorations in Economic History 38, no. 1 (2001): 181-94.
7. Barth, Erling, and Harald Dale-Olsen. "Monopsonistic Discrimination and the Gender Wage Gap." NBER Working Paper No. 7197, June 1999.
8. Becker, Gary S. The Economics of Discrimination, 2nd ed. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1971.
9. Bergmann, Barbara R. "The Effect on White Incomes of Discrimination in Employment." Journal of Political Economy 79 (March - April 1971): 294-313.
10. Black, Dan A. "Discrimination in an Equilibrium Search Model." Journal of Labor Economics 13 (April 1995): 309-34.
11. Blalock, H. M. "Per Cent Non-White and Discrimination in the South." American Sociological Review 22 (December 1957): 677-82.
12. Bogue, Donald J. State Economic Areas. Washington, DC: Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census. GPO, 1951.
13. Bowlus, Audra J., and Zvi Eckstein. "Discrimination and Skill Differences in an Equilibrium Search Model." International Economic Review 43 (November 2002): 1309-45.
14. Card, David. "The Impact of the Mariel Boatlift on the Miami Labor Market." Industrial and Labor Relations Review 43 (January 1990): 245-57.
15. Card, David, and Alan Krueger. "School Quality and Black-White Relative Earnings: A Direct Assessment." Quarterly Journal of Economics 107 (February 1992): 151-200.
16. Chandra, Amitabh. "Is the Convergence in the Racial Wage Gap Illusory?" National Bureau of Economic Research Working Paper No. 9476, January 2003.
17. Chay, Kenneth Y. "The Impact of Federal Civil Rights Policy on Black Economic Progress: Evidence from the Equal Employment Opportunity Act of 1972." Industrial and Labor Relations Review 51 (July 1998): 608-32.
18. Chay Kenneth Y., and Bo E. Honore. "Estimation of Semiparametric Censored Regression Models: An Application to Changes in Black-White Earnings Inequality during the 1960s." Journal of Human Resources 33 (Winter 1998): 4-38.
19. Cogan, John. "The Decline of Black Teenage Employment 1950-70." American Economic Review 72 (September 1982): 621-38.
20. Cohen, Philip N. "Black Concentration Effects on Black-White and Gender Inequality: Multilevel Analysis for U.S. Metropolitan Areas." Social Forces 77, no. 1 (1998): 207-29.
21. Collins, William J. "When the Tide Turned: Immigration and the Delay of the Great Migration." This JOURNAL 57, no. 3 (1997): 607-32.
22. Collins, William J. "Labor Market Impact of State-Level Anti-disrimination Laws, 1940-1960." Industrial and Labor Relations Review 56 (January 2003): 244-72.
23. Collins, William J., and Robert A. Margo. "Residential Segregation and Socioeconomic Outcomes: When Did Ghettoes Go Bad?" Economics Letters 69, no. 2 (2000): 239-43.
24. Collins, William J., and Robert A. Margo. "Historical Perspectives on Racial Differences in Schooling in the United States." National Bureau of Economic Research Working Paper No. 9770, June 2003.
25. Cutler, David M., and Edward L Glaeser. "Are Ghettoes Good or Bad?" Quarterly Journal of Economics 112 (August 1997): 827-72.
26. Dewey, Donald. "Negro Employment in Southern Industry." Journal of Political Economy 60 (August 1952), 279-93.
27. Donohue, John H., and James Heckman. "Continuous versus Episodic Change: The Impact of Civil Rights Policy on the Economic Status of Blacks." Journal of Economic Literature 29 (December 1991): 1603-43.
28. Flanagan, Robert J. "Racial Wage Discrimination and Employment Segregation." Journal of Human Resources 8 (Autumn 1973): 456-71.
29. Fossett, Mark A., and M. Theresa Seibert. Long Time Coming: Racial Inequality in the Nonmetropolitan South, 1940-1990. Boulder, CO: Westview, Press, 1997.
30. Haines, Michael R., and the Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research. Historical, Demographic, Economic, and Social Data: The United States, 1790-2000 [Computer file]. ICPSR02896-v2. Hamilton, NY: Colgate University/Ann Arbor: MI: Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research, 2004
31. Heckman, James J., Lance J. Lochner, and Petra E. Todd. "Fifty Years of Mincer Earnings Regressions." National Bureau of Economic Research Working Paper No. 9732, May 2003.
32. Heer, David M. "The Sentiment of White Supremacy An Ecological Study." American Sociological Review 64 (May 1959): 592-98.
33. Higgs, Robert. "Firm-Specific Evidence on Racial Wage Differentials and Workforce Segregation." American Economic Review 67 (March 1977): 236-45.
34. Higgs, Robert. "Black Progress and the Persistence of Racial Economic Inequalities, 1865-1940." In The Question of Discrimination: Racial Inequality in the U.S. Labor Market, edited by Steven Shulman and William Darity Jr., 9-31. Middletown, CT: Wesleyan University Press, 1989.
35. Historical American Lynching Data Collection Project (Project HAL). 2005. HAL data set, downloaded 1 July 2005, .
36. Huffman, Matt L., and Philip N. Cohen. "Racial Wage Inequality: Job Segregation and Devaluation across U.S. Labor Markets." American Journal of Sociology 109 (January 2004): 902-36.
37. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research (ICPSR). United States Historical Election Returns, 1824-1968 [computer file], 2nd ICPSR ed. ICPSR Study No. 1. Ann Arbor, MI: Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research, 1999.
38. Johnson, Charles S. Patterns of Negro Segregation. New York: Harper & Brothers, 1943.
39. Jones, Jacqueline. The Dispossessed: America's Underclasses from the Civil War to the Present. New York: Basic Books, 1992.
40. Key, V. O. Southern Politics in State and Nation. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1949.
41. Manning, Alan. Monopsony in Motion: Imperfect Competition in Labor Markets. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2003.
42. Margo, Robert A. Race and Schooling in the South, 1880-1950: An Economic History. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1990.
43. McGillivray, Alice V., and Richard M. Scammon. America at the Polls 1920-1956. Washington, DC: Congressional Quarterly Inc., 1994.
44. Myrdal, Gunnar. An American Dilemma: The Negro Problem and Modern Democracy. New York: Harper and Row, 1944.
45. Northrup, Herbert R. "The Negro in the Paper Industry." Part One of Negro Employment in Southern Industry: A Study of Racial Policies in Five Industries. Philadelphia: Industrial Research Unit, Wharton School of Finance and Commerce, 1970.
46. Ruggles, Steven, Matthew Sobek, Trent Alexander, Catherine A. Fitch, Ronald Goeken, Patricia Kelly Hall, Miriam King, and Chad Ronnander. Integrated Public Use Microdata Series: Version 3.0 [Machine-readable database]. Minneapolis, MN: Minnesota Population Center [producer and distributor], 2004. http://www.ipums.org.
47. Sasaki, Masaru. "An Equilibrium Search Model with Coworker Discrimination." Journal of Labor Economics 17 (April 1999): 377-407.
48. Schulman, Bruce J. From Cotton Belt to Sunbelt: Federal Policy, Economic Development, and the Transformation of the South, 1938-1980. New York: Oxford University Press, 1991.
49. Smith, James P., and Finis R. Welch. "Black Economic Progress After Myrdal." Journal of Economic Literature 27 (June 1989): 519-64.
50. Spero, Sterling D., and Abram L. Harris. The Black Worker: The Negro and the Labor Movement. New York: Columbia University Press, 1931.
51. Sundstrom, William A. "Half a Career: Discrimination and Railroad Internal Labor Markets." Industrial Relations 29 (Fall 1990): 423-40.
52. Sundstrom, William A. "The Color Line: Racial Norms and Discrimination in Urban Labor Markets, 1910-1950." This JOURNAL 54, no. 2 (1994): 382-96.
53. Sundstrom, William A. "Explaining the Racial Unemployment Gap: Race, Region, and the Employment Status of Men, 1940." Industrial and Labor Relations Review 50 (April 1997): 460-77.
54. Thurow, Lester C. Generating Inequality: Mechanisms of Distribution in the U.S. Economy. New York: Basic Books, 1975.
55. Tolnay, Stewart E., and E. M. Beck. A Festival of Violence: An Analysis of Southern Lynchings, 1882-1930. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1995.
56. U.S. Dept. of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics. Labor in the South BLS Bulletin No. 898, 1947.
57. Vigdor, Jacob L. "The New Promised Land: Black-White Convergence in the American South, 1940-2000." Working Paper, 2005.
58. Virts, Nancy. "Change in the Plantation System: American South, 1910-1945." Explorations in Economic History 43 (January 2006): 153-76.
59. Whatley, Warren. "Labor for the Picking: The New Deal in the South." This JOURNAL 43, no. 4 (1983): 905-29.
60. Whatley, Warren. "Getting a Foot in the Door: 'Learning,' State Dependence, and the Racial Integration of Firms." This JOURNAL 50, no. 1 (1990): 43-66.
61. Wright, Gavin. Old South, New South: Revolutions in the Southern Economy Since the Civil War. New York: Basic Books, 1986.
62. Wright, Gavin. "The Civil Rights Revolution as Economic History." This JOURNAL 59 (1999): 267-89.
63. Wright, Gavin. "Reflections on One Kind of Freedom and the Southern Economy." Explorations in Economic History 38, no. 1 (2001): 40-47.