The Flexible Flatfoot in the Adult

Foot and Ankle Clinics

Volumn 12, Issue 2, 2007, Pages 251-271

  Giza, Eric ^a   Cush, Gerard ^b   Schon, Lew C ^c  

^a Santa Monica Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Group   (United States)

^b GEISINGER MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

^c UNION MEMORIAL HOSPITAL   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADULT; CALCANEUS; FLATFOOT; HUMAN; METHODOLOGY; OSTEOTOMY; POSTERIOR TIBIAL TENDON DYSFUNCTION; PROSTHESES AND ORTHOSES; REVIEW; TENDON TRANSFER;

ADULT; CALCANEUS; FLATFOOT; HUMANS; OSTEOTOMY; POSTERIOR TIBIAL TENDON DYSFUNCTION; PROSTHESES AND IMPLANTS; TENDON TRANSFER;

EID: 34249863311     PISSN: 10837515     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.fcl.2007.03.008     Document Type: Review

References (53)

1. Pinney S.J., and Lin S.S. Current concept review: acquired adult flatfoot deformity. Foot Ankle Int 27 1 (2006) 66-75
2. Beals T.C., Pomeroy G.C., and Manoli II A. Posterior tendon insufficiency: diagnosis and treatment. J Am Acad Orthop Surg 7 2 (1999) 112-118
3. Bare A.A., and Haddad S.L. Tenosynovitis of the posterior tibial tendon. Foot Ankle Clin 6 1 (2001) 37-66
4. Brodsky J.W., Baum B.S., Pollo F.E., et al. Surgical reconstruction of posterior tibial tendon tear in adolescents: report of two cases and review of the literature. Foot Ankle Int 26 3 (2005) 218-223
5. Park H.G., Sim J.A., and Koh Y.H. Posterior tibial tendon dysfunction secondary to os subtibiale impingement: a case report. Foot Ankle Int 26 2 (2005) 184-186
6. Hadfield M.H., Snyder J.W., Liacouras P.C., et al. Effects of medializing calcaneal osteotomy on Achilles tendon lengthening and plantar foot pressures. Foot Ankle Int 24 7 (2003) 523-529
7. Johnson K.A., and Strom D.E. Tibialis posterior tendon dysfunction. Clin Orthop Relat Res 239 (1989) 196-206
8. Myerson M.S. Adult acquired flatfoot deformity: treatment of dysfunction of the posterior tibial tendon. Instr Course Lect 46 (1997) 393-405
9. Hiller L., and Pinney S.J. Surgical treatment of acquired flatfoot deformity: what is the state of practice among academic foot and ankle surgeons in 2002?. Foot Ankle Int 24 9 (2003) 701-705
10. Sarrafian S. Anatomy of the foot and ankle: descriptive, topographical. 2nd edition (1993), JB Lippincott, Philadelphia
11. Bloome D.M., Marymont J.V., and Varner K.E. Variations on the insertion of the posterior tibialis tendon: a cadaveric study. Foot Ankle Int 24 10 (2003) 780-783
12. Otis J.C., and Gage T. Function of the posterior tibial tendon muscle. Foot Ankle Clin 6 1 (2001) 1-14
13. Deland J.T. The adult acquired flatfoot and spring ligament complex. Pathology and implications for treatment. Foot Ankle Clin 6 1 (2001) 129-135
14. Deland J.T., de Asla R.J., Sung I.H., et al. Posterior tibial tendon insufficiency: which ligaments are involved?. Foot Ankle Int 26 6 (2005) 427-435
15. Sarrafian S. Syndesmology. In: Sarrafian S. (Ed). Anatomy of the foot and ankle vol. 1 (1983), JP Lippencott, Philadelphia 143-189
16. Hintermann B. Biomechanics of the unstable ankle joint and clinical implications. Med Sci Sports Exerc 31 Suppl 7 (1999) S459-S469
17. Clanton T. Athletic injuries to the soft tissues of the foot and ankle. In: Coughlin M., and Mann R. (Eds). Surgery of the foot & ankle. 7th edition vol. 2 (1999), Mosby, St. Louis (MO) 1090-1209
18. Brodsky J.W. Preliminary gait analysis results after posterior tibial tendon reconstruction: a prospective study. Foot Ankle Int 25 2 (2004) 96-100
19. Thordarson D.B., Schmotzer H., and Chon J. Reconstruction with tenodesis in an adult flatfoot model. A biomechanical evaluation of four methods. J Bone Joint Surg Am 77 10 (1995) 1557-1564
20. Deland J.T., Arnoczky S.P., and Thompson F.M. Adult acquired flatfoot deformity at the talonavicular joint: reconstruction of the spring ligament in an in vitro model. Foot Ankle 13 6 (1992) 327-332
21. McCormack A.P., Ching R.P., and Sangeorzan B.J. Biomechanics of procedures used in adult flatfoot deformity. Foot Ankle Clin 6 1 (2001) 15-23
22. Ananthakrisnan D, Ching R, Tencer A, et-al. Subluxation of the talocalcaneal joint in adults who have symptomatic flatfoot. J Bone Joint Surg Am 1999;81(8):1147-54.
23. Malicky E.S., Crary J.L., Houghton M.J., et al. Talocalcaneal and subfibular impingement in symptomatic flatfoot in adults. J Bone Joint Surg Am 84-A 11 (2002) 2005-2009
24. Chadha H., Pomeroy G., and Manoli II A. Radiologic signs of unilateral pes planus. Foot Ankle Int 18 9 (1997) 603-604
25. Perry M.D., Mont M.A., Einhorn T.A., et al. The validity of measurements made on standard foot orthoroentgenograms. [see comment]. Foot Ankle 13 9 (1992) 502-507
26. Saltzman C.L., Brandser E.A., Berbaum K.S., et al. Reliability of standard foot radiographic measurements. Foot Ankle Int 15 12 (1994) 661-665
27. Younger A.S., Sawatzky B., and Dryden P. Radiographic assessment of adult flatfoot. Foot Ankle Int 26 10 (2005) 820-825
28. Wacker J., Calder J.D., Engstrom C.M., et al. MR morphometry of posterior tibialis muscle in adult acquired flat foot. Foot Ankle Int 24 4 (2003) 354-357
29. Cooper J, Mizel M. The diagnosis of posterior tibial tendon tenosynovitis: comparison of MRI vs local anesthetic tendon sheath injection. Paper Presented at the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society Annual Meeting. La Jolla (CA), July 13-15, 2006.
30. Noll K.H. The use of orthotic devices in adult acquired flatfoot deformity. Foot Ankle Clin 6 1 (2001) 25-36
31. Havenhill T.G., Toolan B.C., and Draganich L.F. Effects of a UCBL orthosis and a calcaneal osteotomy on tibiotalar contact characteristics in a cadaver flatfoot model. Foot Ankle Int 26 8 (2005) 607-613
32. Schon L, Chiodo C. Current techology in posterior tibial tendonitis. Paper Presented at the American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Soceity, Annual Meeting. Lo Jolla (CA), July 13-15, 2006.
33. Alvarez R.G., Marini A., Schmitt C., et al. Stage I and II posterior tibial tendon dysfunction treated by a structured nonoperative management protocol: an orthosis and exercise program. Foot Ankle Int 27 1 (2006) 2-8
34. Augustin J.F., Lin S.S., Berberian W.S., et al. Nonoperative treatment of adult acquired flat foot with the Arizona brace. Foot Ankle Clin 8 3 (2003) 491-502
35. Chao W., Wapner K.L., Lee T.H., et al. Nonoperative management of posterior tibial tendon dysfunction. [see comment]. Foot Ankle Int 17 12 (1996) 736-741
36. Frey C.C., and Shereff M.J. Tendon injuries about the ankle in athletes. Clin Sports Med 7 1 (1988) 103-118
37. Williams R. Chronic non-specific tendovaginitis of tibialis posterior. J Bone Joint Surg Br 45 (1963) 542-545
38. Mosier-LaClair S., Pomeroy G., and Manoli II A. Operative treatment of the difficult stage 2 adult acquired flatfoot deformity. Foot Ankle Clin 6 1 (2001) 95-119
39. Valderrabano V., Hintermann B., Wischer T., et al. Recovery of the posterior tibial muscle after late reconstruction following tendon rupture. Foot Ankle Int 25 2 (2004) 85-95
40. Choi K., Lee S., Otis J.C., et al. Anatomical reconstruction of the spring ligament using peroneus longus tendon graft. Foot Ankle Int 24 5 (2003) 430-436
41. LaRue B., and Anctil E. Distal anatomical relationship of the flexor hallucis longus and flexor digitorum longus tendons. Foot Ankle Int 27 7 (2006) 528-532
42. Guyton G., Jeng C., Krieger L., et al. Flexor digitorum longus transfer and medial displacement calcaneal osteotomy for posterior tibial tendon dysfunction: a middle-term clinical follow-up. Foot Ankle Int 22 8 (2001) 627-632
43. Myerson M.S., Badekas A., and Schon L.C. Treatment of stage II posterior tibial tendon deficiency with flexor digitorum longus tendon transfer and calcaneal osteotomy. Foot Ankle Int 25 7 (2004) 445-450
44. Sullivan R., Gladwell H., Aronow M., et al. An in vitro study comparing the use of suture anchors and drill hole fixation for flexor digitorum longus transfer to the navicular. Foot Ankle Int 27 5 (2006) 363-366
45. Steffensmeier S.J., Saltzman C.L., Berbaum K.S., et al. Effects of medial and lateral displacement calcaneal osteotomies on tibiotalar joint contact stresses. J Orthop Res 14 6 (1996) 980-985
46. Horton G.A., Myerson M.S., Parks B.G., et al. Effect of calcaneal osteotomy and lateral column lengthening on the plantar fascia: a biomechanical investigation. Foot Ankle Int 19 6 (1998) 370-373
47. Greene D.L., Thompson M.C., Gesink D.S., et al. Anatomic study of the medial neurovascular structures in relation to calcaneal osteotomy. Foot Ankle Int 22 7 (2001) 569-571
48. VanAman S., and Schon L. Subtalar arthroereisis as adjunct treatment for type II posterior tibial tendon deficiency. Techniques in Foot & Ankle Surgery 5 2 (2006) 117-125
49. Needleman R.L. A surgical approach for flexible flatfeet in adults including a subtalar arthroereisis with the MBA sinus tarsi implant. Foot Ankle Int 27 1 (2006) 9-18
50. Grice D.S. An extra-articular arthrodesis of the subastragalar joint for correction of paralytic flat feet in children. J Bone Joint Surg Am 34 4 (1952) 927-940
51. Subotnick S.I. The subtalar joint lateral extra-articular arthroereisis: a follow-up report. J Am Podiatry Assoc 67 3 (1977) 157-171
52. Giannini B.S., Ceccarelli F., Benedetti M.G., et al. Surgical treatment of flexible flatfoot in children a four-year follow-up study. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2 (2001) 73-79
53. Viladot R., Pons M., Alvarez F., et al. Subtalar arthroereisis for posterior tibial tendon dysfunction: a preliminary report. Foot Ankle Int 24 8 (2003) 600-606