The relationship between imagery type and collective efficacy in elite and non elite athletes

Journal of Sports Science and Medicine

Volumn 6, Issue 2, 2007, Pages 180-187

  Shearer, David A ^a   Thomson, Rob ^b   Mellalieu, Stephen D ^a   Shearer, Catherine R ^c  

^a SWANSEA UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

^b UNIVERSITY OF EAST LONDON   (United Kingdom)

^c Sports Council for   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Group dynamics; Mental rehearsal; Mental skills; Self efficacy; Team confidence

Indexed keywords

EID: 34249809711     PISSN: None     EISSN: 13032968     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (45)

1. Abma, C.L., Fry, M.D., Li, Y. and Relyea, G. (2002) Differences in imagery content and imagery ability between high and low confident track and field athletes. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology 14, 67-75.
2. Bandura, A. (1977) Self-efficacy: Towards a unifying theory of behavioral change. Psychological Review 84, 191-215.
3. Bandura, A. (1982) Self-efficacy mechanisms in human agency. American Psychologist 37, 122-147.
4. Bandura, A. (1997) Self-efficacy:The exercise of control. New York: Freeman.
5. Beauchamp, M.R., Bray, S.R. and Albinson, J.G. (2002) Precompetition imagery, self-efficacy and performance in collegiate golfers. Journal of Sports Sciences 20, 697-705.
6. Belsey, D.A., Kuh, E. and Welsch, R.E. (1980) Regression diagnostics identifying influential data and sources of collinearity. New York, USA: Wiley.
7. Bland, M.J. and Altman, D.G. (1997) Statistics notes: Cronbach's alpha. British Medical Journal 314, 572-572.
8. Callow, N. (1999) The cognitive and motivational effects of imagery on sport performance. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Wales, Bangor, UK.
9. Callow, N. and Hardy, L. (2001) Types of imagery associated with sport confidence in netball players of varying skill level. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology 13, 1-17.
10. Callow, N., Hardy, L. and Hall, C. (2001) The effect of a motivationalmastery imagery intervention on the confidence of high-level badminton players. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport 72, 389-400.
11. Callow, N., Hardy, L., Markland, D. and Shearer, D.A. (2003) The conceptualisation and measurement of collective efficacy. Journal of Sports Sciences 22, 301-302.
12. Calmels, C., Berthoumieux, C. and d'Arripe-Longueville, F. (2004) Effects of an imagery training program on selective attention of national softball players. The Sport Psychologist 18, 272-296.
13. Carron, A.V., Brawley, L.R, and Widemeyer, W.N. (1998) The measurement of cohesiveness in sport groups. In: Advances in sport and exercise psychology measurement. Ed: Duda, J.L. Morgantown. WV: Fitness Information Technology. 213-226.
14. nd edition. Morgantown, WV: Fitness Information Technology.
15. Carron, A.V., Widmeyer, W.N. and Brawley, L.R. (1985) The development of an instrument to assess cohesion in sport teams: The Group Environment Questionnaire. Journal of Sport Psychology 7, 244-266.
16. Cumming, J. and Hall, C. (2002) Deliberate imagery practice: The development of imagery skills in competitive athletes. Journal of Sports Sciences 20, 137-145.
17. Durand-Bush, N. and Salmela, J.H. (2002) The development and maintenance of expert athletic performance: Perceptions of world and Olympic champions. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology 14, 154-171.
18. Evans, L., Jones, L. and Mullen, R. (2004) An imagery intervention during the competitive season with an elite rugby union player. The Sport Psychologist 18, 252-271.
19. Feltz, D.L. and Lirgg, C.D. (1998) Perceived team and player efficacy in hockey. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology 83, 557-564.
20. nd edition. London, UK: Sage.
21. Greenlees, I.A., Graydon, J.K. and Maynard, I.W. (1999) The impact of collective efficacy beliefs on effort and persistence in a group task. Journal of Sports Sciences 17, 151-158.
22. Gully, S.M., Incalcaterra, K.A., Joshi, A. And Beauien, J. M. (2002) A meta-analysis of team-efficacy, potency, and performance: interdependence and level of analysis as moderators of observed relationships. Journal of Applied Psychology 87, 819-32.
23. Hall, C., Mack, D., Paivio, A. and Hausenblas, H. (1998) Imagery use by athletes: Development of the Sport Imagery Questionnaire. International Journal of Sport Psychology 29, 73-89.
24. Hardy, J., Hall, C.R. and Carron, A.V. (2003) Perceptions of team cohesion and athletes' use of imagery. International Journal of Sport Psychology 34, 151-167.
25. Heuze, J., Raimbault, N. and Fontayne, P. (2006) Relationships between cohesion, collective efficacy and performance in professional basketball teams: An examination of mediating effects. Journal of Sport Sciences 24, 59-68.
26. Hodges, L. and Carron, A.V. (1992) Collective efficacy and group performance. International Journal of Sport Psychology 23, 48-59.
27. Jackson, R.C. and Baker, J. S. (2001) Routines, rituals, and rugby: Case study of a world class goal kicker. The Sport Psychologist 15, 48-65.
28. Jones, M.V., Mace, R.D., Bray, S.R., MacRae, A.W. and Stockbridge, C. (2002) The impact of motivational imagery on the emotional state and self-efficacy levels of novice climbers. Journal of Sport Behavior 25, 57-73.
29. Lang, P.J. (1979) A bio-informational theory of emotional imagery. Psychophysiology 17, 179-192.
30. Magyar, M.T., Feltz, D.L. and Simpson, I.P. (2004) Individual and crew level determinants of collective efficacy. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology 26, 136-153.
31. Martin, K.A., Moritz, S.E. and Hall, C.R. (1999) Imagery use in sport: A literature review and applied model. The Sport Psychologist 13, 245-268.
32. Mills, K.D., Munroe, K.J. and Hall, C.R. (2001) The relationship between imagery and self-efficacy in competitive athletes. Imagination, Cognition and Personality 20, 33-39.
33. Moritz, S.E. and Watson, C.B. (1998) Levels of analysis issues in group psychology: Using efficacy as an example of a multi-level model. Group Dynamics: Theory, Research, and Practice 2, 285-298.
34. Munroe-Chandler, K.J. and Hall, C.R. (2004) Enhancing the collective efficacy of a soccer team through motivational general-mastery imagery. Imagination, Cognition, and Personality 24, 51-67.
35. Nunnaly, J. (1978) Psychometric theory. New York, USA: McGraw-Hill.
36. Paivio, A. (1985) Cognitive and motivational functions of imagery in human performance. Canadian Journal of Applied Sport Science 10, 22-28.
37. Peterson, R. A. (1994) A meta-analysis of Cronbach's coefficient alpha. Journal of Consumer Research 21, 381-391.
38. Riggs, M.L. and Knight, P.A. (1994) The impact of perceived group success-failure on motivational beliefs and attitudes: A causal model. Journal of Applied Psychology 79, 755-766.
39. Short, S.E., Bruggeman, J.M., Engel, S.G., Marback, T.L., Wand, L.J., Willadsen, A. and Short, M.W. (2002) The effect of imagery function and imagery direction on self-efficacy and performance on a golf putting task. The Sport Psychologist 16, 48-67.
40. Smith, D. and Holmes, P. (2004) The effects of imagery modality on golf putting performance. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology 26, 385-395.
41. Smith D., Holmes, P., Whitemore, L., Collins, D. and Devonport, T. (2001) The effect of theoretically-based imagery scripts on field hockey performance. Journal of Sport Behaviour 24, 408-419.
42. nd edition. New York, USA: Harper Collins.
43. Vealey, R. (1986) Conceptualization of sport-confidence and competitive orientation: Preliminary investigation and instrument development. Journal of Sport Psychology 8, 221-246.
44. Watson, C.B., Chemers, M.M. and Preiser, N. (2001) Collective efficacy: A multilevel analysis. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 27, 1057-1068.
45. Zaccaro, S.J., Blair, V., Peterson, C. and Zazanis, M. (1995) Collective efficacy. In: Self-efficacy, adaptation, and adjustment: Theory, research, and application. Ed: Maddux J.E. New York, USA: Plenum Press. 305-328.