Low CD4 count plus coma predicts cryptococcal meningitis in Tanzania

BMC Infectious Diseases

Volumn 7, Issue , 2007, Pages

  Kisenge, Peter R ^a   Hawkins, Alexander T ^b   Maro, Venance P ^a   Mchele, John P D ^a   Swai, Ndealilia S ^a   Mueller, Andreas ^a,c   Houpt, Eric R ^b  

^a KILIMANJARO CHRISTIAN MEDICAL CENTRE   (Tanzania)

^b UNIVERSITY OF VIRGINIA   (United States)

^c Medical Mission Institute   (Germany)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

FLUCONAZOLE; LAMIVUDINE; NEVIRAPINE; STAVUDINE;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AGED; ARTICLE; CD4+ T LYMPHOCYTE; CEREBROSPINAL FLUID; CLINICAL FEATURE; COHORT ANALYSIS; COMA; CONFUSION; CRYPTOCOCCAL MENINGITIS; CRYPTOCOCCOSIS; DIAGNOSTIC TEST; DISEASE ASSOCIATION; FEMALE; FEVER; GLASGOW COMA SCALE; HEADACHE; HOSPITAL DISCHARGE; HUMAN; HUMAN CELL; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS INFECTION; LATEX AGGLUTINATION TEST; LYMPHOCYTE COUNT; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MENINGISM; PREDICTION; PROGNOSIS; PSYCHOSOCIAL WITHDRAWAL; SEIZURE; SENSITIVITY AND SPECIFICITY; SURVIVAL; TACHYCARDIA; TANZANIA; THRUSH; CD4 LYMPHOCYTE COUNT; MIDDLE AGED; PREVALENCE;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AGED; CD4 LYMPHOCYTE COUNT; COMA; FEMALE; GLASGOW COMA SCALE; HIV INFECTIONS; HUMANS; MALE; MENINGITIS, CRYPTOCOCCAL; MIDDLE AGED; PREVALENCE; SENSITIVITY AND SPECIFICITY; TANZANIA;

EID: 34249777266     PISSN: None     EISSN: 14712334     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1186/1471-2334-7-39     Document Type: Article

References (22)

1. Mwaba P Mwansa J Chintu C Pobee J Scarborough M Portsmouth S Zumla A Clinical presentation, natural history, and cumulative death rates of 230 adults with primary cryptococcal meningitis in Zambian AIDS patients treated under local conditions Postgrad Med J 2001 77 769-773 10.1136/ pmj.77.914.769 11723315
2. Hakim JG Gangaidzo IT Heyderman RS Mielke J Mushangi E Taziwa A Robertson VJ Musvaire P Mason PR Impact of HIV infection on meningitis in Harare, Zimbabwe: A prospective study of 406 predominantly adult patients Aids 2000 14 1401-1407 10.1097/00002030-200007070-00013 10930155
3. Corbett EL Churchyard GJ Charalambos S Samb B Moloi V Clayton TC Grant AD Murray J Hayes RJ De Cock KM Morbidity and mortality in South African gold miners: Impact of untreated disease due to human immunodeficiency virus Clin Infect Dis 2002 34 1251-1258 10.1086/339540 11941552
4. Bekondi C Bernede C Passone N Minssart P Kamalo C Mbolidi D Germani Y Primary and opportunistic pathogens associated with meningitis in adults in Bangui, Central African Republic, in relation to human immunodeficiency virus serostatus Int J Infect Dis 2006 10 387-395 10.1016/j.ijid.2005.07.004 16473538
5. Heyderman RS Gangaidzo IT Hakim JG Mielke J Taziwa A Musvaire P Robertson VJ Mason PR Cryptococcal meningitis in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients in Harare, Zimbabwe Clin Infect Dis 1998 26 284-289 9502443
6. Matee MI Matre R Pathogenic isolates in meningitis patients in Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania East Afr Med J 2001 78 458-460 11921576
7. Price Catalogue of Essential Medicines and Hospital Supplies Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, 2007
8. Sebati K Pfizer Diflucan Partnership Program Lancet 2003 361 72; author reply 72 10.1016/S0140-6736(03)12124-1 12517481
9. Brouwer AE Rajanuwong A Chierakul W Griffin GE Larsen RA White NJ Harrison TS Combination antifungal therapies for HIV-associated cryptococcal meningitis: A randomised trial Lancet 2004 363 1764-1767 10.1016/S0140-6736(04)16301-0 15172774
10. Okongo M Morgan D Mayanja B Ross A Whitworth J Causes of death in a rural, population-based human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) natural history cohort in Uganda Int J Epidemiol 1998 27 698-702 10.1093/ ije/27.4.698 9758128
11. Anglaret X Chene G Attia A Toure S Lafont S Combe P Manlan K N'Dri-Yoman T Salamon R Early chemoprophylaxis with trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole for HIV-1-infected adults in Abidjan, Cote d'Ivoire: A randomised trial. Cotrimo-CI Study Group Lancet 1999 353 1463-1468 10.1016/ S0140-6736(98)07399-1 10232311
12. Menichetti F Fiorio M Tosti A Gatti G Bruna Pasticci M Miletich F Marroni M Bassetti D Pauluzzi S High-dose fluconazole therapy for cryptococcal meningitis in patients with AIDS Clin Infect Dis 1996 22 838-840 8722942
13. Maher D Mwandumba H Cryptococcal meningitis in Lilongwe and Blantyre, Malawi J Infect 1994 28 59-64 10.1016/S0163-4453(94)94161-0 8163834
14. French N Gray K Watera C Nakiyingi J Lugada E Moore M Lalloo D Whitworth JA Gilks CF Cryptococcal infection in a cohort of HIV-1-infected Ugandan adults AIDS 2002 16 1031-1038 10.1097/00002030-200205030-00009 11953469
15. Mayanja-Kizza H Oishi K Mitarai S Yamashita H Nalongo K Watanabe K Izumi T Ococi J Augustine K Mugerwa R Nagatake T Matsumoto K Combination therapy with fluconazole and flucytosine for cryptococcal meningitis in Ugandan patients with AIDS Clin Infect Dis 1998 26 1362-1366 9636863
16. Feldmesser M Harris C Reichberg S Khan S Casadevall A Serum cryptococcal antigen in patients with AIDS Clin Infect Dis 1996 23 827-830 8909854
17. World Health Report Geneva, World Health Organization 2006
18. Diamond RD Bennett JE Prognostic factors in cryptococcal meningitis. A study in 111 cases Ann Intern Med 1974 80 176-181 4811791
19. Powderly WG Finkelstein D Feinberg J Frame P He W van der Horst C Koletar SL Eyster ME Carey J Waskin H A randomized trial comparing fluconazole with clotrimazole troches for the prevention of fungal infections in patients with advanced human immunodeficiency virus infection. NIAID AIDS Clinical Trials Group N Engl J Med 1995 332 700-705 10.1056/NEJM199503163321102 7854376
20. Newcombe RG Interval estimation for the difference between independent proportions: Comparison of eleven methods Stat Med 1998 17 873-890 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0258(19980430)17:8<873::AID-SIM779>3.0.CO;2-I 9595617
21. Simel DL Samsa GP Matchar DB Likelihood ratios with confidence: Sample size estimation for diagnostic test studies J Clin Epidemiol 1991 44 763-770 10.1016/0895-4356(91)90128-V 1941027
22. Steurer J Fischer JE Bachmann LM Koller M ter Riet G Communicating accuracy of tests to general practitioners: A controlled study Bmj 2002 324 824-826 100792 11934776 10.1136/bmj.324.7341.824