Prolonging the lives of buried crude-oil and natural-gas pipelines by cathodic protection

Applied Energy

Volumn 84, Issue 9, 2007, Pages 958-970

  Lilly, M T ^a   Ihekwoaba, S C ^a   Ogaji, S O T ^b   Probert, S D ^b  

^a RIVERS STATE UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY   (Nigeria)

^b CRANFIELD UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Buried pipes; Cathodic protection; Corrosion; Impressed current; Sacrificial anode

Indexed keywords

ATMOSPHERIC CORROSION; CATHODIC PROTECTION; ELECTRIC CURRENTS;

BURIED PIPES; SACRIFICIAL-ANODE;

PETROLEUM PIPELINES;

ATMOSPHERIC CORROSION; CATHODIC PROTECTION; ELECTRIC CURRENTS; PETROLEUM PIPELINES;

CORROSION; CRUDE OIL; GAS PIPELINE; NATURAL GAS;

AFRICA; NIGERIA; SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA; WEST AFRICA;

EID: 34249748922     PISSN: 03062619     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2007.03.002     Document Type: Article

References (21)

1. Guidelines issued by Shell (Nigeria) on "Pipeline leak investigation", May; 2000.
2. Kroon D.H. External-corrosion direct assessment for buried pipelines. NACE Mater Perform Corros Protect J June (2004) 28-32
3. Ogden M.W. Coating quality assurance for steel pipeline installations. NACE Mater Perform Corros Protect J February (2004) 32-34
4. American National Standard Institute/American Society of Mechanical Engineers, Gas Transmission and Distribution Piping-Systems, B31.8; 1986.
5. Peabody A.W. Control of pipeline corrosion (2001), NACE Official Publication
6. Krause D. Corrosion control extends infrastructure life - a paper published by American City and Council Journal, September; 1995, http:/localgovtupdate.americancityandcounty.com/ar/governmentcorrosion.
7. Bird AF. Corrosion detection interpretation and repairs of steel pipelines. In: NACE international conference held in Houston (Texas, USA), March; 2001.
8. Anene S.C. Economic viability of the application of cathodic protection to underground petroleum product pipelines. NICA J Corros Sci Technol March (2004) 33-43
9. Okorafor C. Cathodic protection as a means of saving national asset. In: NICA conference held in Port Harcourt (Nigeria), March; 2004. p. 2-3.
10. Eliassen SI, Hesjerik SM. Corrosion management of buried pipelines under difficult operational and environmental conditions. Paper presented at the NACE international conference held in Houston (Texas, USA), March; 2000.
11. Klechka EW. Corrosion protection for pipelines - a paper published in Corrosion Journal, April; 2004.
12. National Association of Corrosion Engineers Int. - Standard recommended practice for control of external corrosion on underground or submerged piping systems, RP0169-96, September; 1996.
13. Directorate of Petroleum Resources, Federal Republic of Nigeria - Mineral Oil and Safety Regulations; 1996.
14. Shell International Petroleum Maatschappij, B.V. The Hague, EP Business Model - EP 95-7000 Version 3; 1995. p. A-12.
15. Fontana M.G. Corrosion engineering. 3rd ed. (1997), McGraw Hill, New York
16. Shell International Petroleum Maatschappij, B.V. The Hague, Cathodic Protection Manual - DEP 30.10.73.10.Gen; 1983. p. 52-53.
17. Shell International Petroleum Maatschappij, B.V. The Hague, Design of Cathodic Protection Systems for Onshore Buried Pipelines - DEP 30.10.73.31.Gen; 1992.
18. Shell International Petroleum Maatschappij, B.V. The Hague, General Pipeline Engineering Design - DEP 31.40.00.10.Gen; 1993.
19. Shell International Petroleum Maatschappij, B.V. The Hague, Production Handbook, vol. 8 - Pipelines; 1991. p. 77-79.
20. National Association of Corrosion Engineers Int. - Cathodic Protection Training Manual; 2003. p. 6.1-6.10.
21. National Association of Corrosion Engineers (NACE) International Cathodic Protection Training Manual, vol. 2, Corrosion Control; 1976. p. 12.21-21-25 and 15.24-32.