Rain splash of dry sand revealed by high-speed imaging and sticky paper splash targets

Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface

Volumn 112, Issue 1, 2007, Pages

  Furbish, David Jon ^a   Hammer, Katherine K ^b   Schmeeckle, Mark ^c   Borosund, Miriam N ^b   Mudd, Simon Marius ^b  

^a VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^c ARIZONA STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

GRAIN SIZE; IMAGING METHOD; RAINDROP; SAND; SEDIMENT TRANSPORT;

EID: 34249732010     PISSN: None     EISSN: 21699011     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1029/2006JF000498     Document Type: Article

References (46)

1. Al-Durrah, M. M., and J. M. Bradford (1982), The mechanism of raindrop splash on soil surfaces, Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 46, 1086-1090.
2. Allen, R. F. (1988), The mechanics of splashing, J. Colloid Interface Sci., 124, 309-316.
3. Bear, J. (1988), Dynamics of Fluids in Porous Media, Dover, Mineola, N. Y.
4. Carman, P. C. (1937), Fluid flow through a granular bed, Trans. Inst. Chem. Eng. London, 15, 150-156.
5. Carson, M. A., and M. J. Kirkby (1972), Hillslope Form and Process, Cambridge Univ. Press, New York.
6. de Lima, J. L. M. P. (1989), Raindrop splash anisotropy: Slope, wind and overland flow velocity effects, Soil Technol., 2, 71-78.
7. de Lima, J. L. M. P., P. M. van Dijk, and W. P. Spaan (1993), Splash-saltation transport under wind driven rain, Soil Technol., 5, 151-166.
8. DePloey, J., and J. Savat (1968), Contribution a l'etude de l'erosion par le splash, Z. Geomorphol., 12, 174-193.
9. Edwards, B. F., J. W. Wilder, and E. E. Scime (2001), Dynamics of falling raindrops, Eur. J. Phys., 22, 113-118.
10. Ellison, W. D. (1944), Studies of raindrop erosion, Agric. Eng., 25, 131-136.
11. Erpul, G., L. D. Norton, and D. Gabriels (2002), Raindrop-induced and wind-driven soil particle transport, Catena, 47, 227-243.
12. Erpul, G., L. D. Norton, and D. Gabriels (2003), Sediment transport from interrill areas under wind-driven rain, J. Hydrol., 276, 184-197.
13. Foote, G. B., and P. S. DuToit (1969), Terminal velocity of raindrops aloft, J. Appl. Meteorol., 8, 249-253.
14. Gabet, E. J., and T. Dunne (2003), Soil detachment by rain power, Water Resour. Res., 39(1), 1002, doi:10.1029/2001WR000656.
15. Gao, B., M. T. Walter, T. S. Stenhuis, J.-Y Parlange, K. Nakano, C. W. Rose, and W. L. Hogarth (2003), Investigating ponding depth and soil detachability for a mechanistic erosion model using a simple experiment, J. Hydrol., 277, 116-124.
16. Ghadiri, H., and D. Payne (1981), Raindrop impact stress, J. Soil Sci., 32, 41-48.
17. Gunn, R., and G. D. Kinzer (1949), The terminal velocity of fall for water droplets in stagnant air, J. Meteorol., 6, 243-248.
18. Haff, P. K., and R. A. Anderson (1993), Grain scale simulations of loose sedimentary beds: The example of grain-bed impacts in aeolian saltation, Sedimentology, 40, 175-198.
19. Hamner, K. K. (2005), The role of raindrop size and particle size in transport by rainsplash revealed by high-speed imaging, senior thesis, Vanderbilt Univ., Nashville, Tenn.
20. Huang, C., J. M. Bradford, and J. M. Cushman (1983), A numerical study of raindrop impact phenomena: The elastic deformation case, J. Soil Sci. Soc. Am., 47, 855-861.
21. Irmay, S. (1958), On the theoretical derivation of Darcy and Forchheimer formulas, Eos Trans. AGU, 39, 702-707.
22. Kneale, W. R. (1982), Field measurements of rainfall drop size distribution, and the relationship between rainfall parameters and soil movement by rainsplash, Earth Surf. Processes Landforms, 7, 499-502.
23. Kozeny, J. (1927), Über kapillare Leitung des Wassers im Boden, Sitzungsber Akad. Wiss. Wien, 136, 271-306.
24. Legout, C., S. Leguédois, Y. Le Bissormais, and O. M. Issa (2005), Splash distance and size distributions for various soils, Geoderma, 124, 279-292, doi:10.1016/j.geoderma.2004.05.006.
25. Leguédois, S., O. Planchon, C. Legout, and Y. Le Bissonnais (2005), Splash projection distance for aggregated soils: Theory and experiment, Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 69, 30-37.
26. Mason, B. J. (1957), The Physics of Clouds, Oxford Univ. Press, New York.
27. Mihara, Y. (1952), Raindrops and soil erosion, Jpn. Natl. Inst. Agric. Sci. Bull., Engl. Transl., 1, 1-52.
28. Moeyersons, J. (1983), Measurements of splash-saltation fluxes under oblique rain, Catena Sappl., 4, 19-31.
29. Moeyersons, J., and L. DePloey (1976), Quantitative data on splash erosion, simulated on unvegetated slopes, Z. Geomorphol. Suppl., 25, 120-131.
30. Mosley, M. P. (1973), Rainsplash and the convexity of badland divides, Z. Geomorphol. Suppl., 18, 10-25.
31. Mouzai, L., and M. Bouhadef (2003), Water drop erosivity: Effects on soil splash, J. Hydraul. Res., 42, 61-68.
32. Nearing, M. A., and J. M. Bradford (1985), Single waterdrop splash detachment and mechanical properties of soils, Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 49, 547-552.
33. Pietravalle, S., F. van den Bosch, S. J. Welham, S. R. Parker, and D. J. Lovell (2001), Modelling of rain splash trajectories and prediction of rain splash height, Agric. For. Meteorol., 109, 171-185.
34. Riezebos, H. T., and G. F. Eperna (1985), Drop shape and erosivity. Part II. Splash detachment transport and erosivity indices, Earth Surf. Processes Landforms, 10, 69-74.
35. Salles, C., J. Poesen, and G. Govers (2001), A comparison of rain erosivity parameters for predicting soil detachment on interrills, in Sustaining the Global Farm, 10th International Soil Conservation Organization Meeting, My 24-29, 1999, edited by D. E. Stott, R. H. Mohtar, and G. C. Steinhardt, pp. 834-837, Natl. Soil Erosion Lab., West Lafayette, Indiana.
36. Sharma, P. P., and S. C. Gupta (1989), Sand detachment by single raindrops of varying kinetic energy and momentum, Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 53, 1005-1010.
37. Sharma, P. P., S. C. Gupta, and W. J. Rawls (1991), Soil detachment by single raindrops of varying kinetic energy, Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 55, 301 -307.
38. Singer, M. J., and P. H. Walker (1983), Rainfall runoff in soil erosion with simulated rainfall, overland flow and cover, Aust. J. Soil Res., 21, 109-122.
39. Terry, J. P. (1998), A rainsplash component analysis to define mechanisms of soil detachment and transportation, Aust. J. Soil Sci., 36, 525-535.
40. van Boxel, J. H. (1998), Numerical model for the fall speed of rain drops in a rain fall simulator, in Proceedings of the International Workshop on Technical Aspects and Use of Wind Tunnels for Wind-Erosion Control: Combined Effects of Wind and Water Erosion on Processes, November 17-18 1997, Ghent, Belgium, edited by D. Gabriels, and W. M. Cornelis, ICE Spec. Rep. 1998/1, pp. 77-85, Int. Cent. for Eremol., Univ. of Ghent, Ghent, Belgium.
41. van Dijk, A. I. J. M., A. G. C. A. Meesters, and L. A. Bruijnzeel (2002), Exponential distribution theory and the interpretation of splash detachment and transport experiments, Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 66, 1466-1474.
42. van Dijk, A. I. J. M., L. A. Bruijnzeel, and S. E. Wiegman (2003), Measurements of rain splash on bench terraces in a humid tropical steepland environment, Hydrol. Processes, 17, 513-535.
43. Wan, Y., S. A. El-Swaify, and R. A. Sutherland (1996), Partitioning interrill splash and wash dynamics: A novel laboratory approach, Soil Technol., 9, 55-69.
44. Warburton, J. (2003), Wind-splash erosion of bare peat on UK upland moorlands, Catena, 52, 191-207, doi:10.1016/S0341-8162(03)00014-6.
45. Wright, A. C. (1986), A physically-based model of the dispersion of splash droplets ejected from a water drop impact, Earth Surf. Processes Landforms, 11, 351-367.
46. Wright, A. C. (1987), A method of the redistribution of disaggregated soil particles by rainsplash, Earth Surf. Processes Landforms, 12, 583-596.