Effect of reaction conditions on electron induced graft copolymerization of styrene onto poly(ethylene-co-tetrafluoroethylene) films: Kinetics study

Chemical Engineering Journal

Volumn 132, Issue 1-3, 2007, Pages 27-35

  Rohani, Rosiah ^a   Nasef, Mohamed Mahmoud ^a   Saidi, Hamdani ^a   Dahlan, Khairul Zaman Mohd ^b  

^a MALAYSIA JAPAN INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY   (Malaysia)

^b MALAYSIAN NUCLEAR AGENCY   (Malaysia)

Author keywords

Electron beam; ETFE films; Front mechanism; Radiation induced graft copolymerization; Styrene

Indexed keywords

CONCENTRATION (PROCESS); COPOLYMERIZATION; DOSIMETRY; ELECTRON BEAMS; POLYMER FILMS; REACTION KINETICS;

FRONT MECHANISM; IRRADIATION DOSE; RADIATION-INDUCED GRAFT COPOLYMERIZATION;

STYRENE;

CONCENTRATION (PROCESS); COPOLYMERIZATION; DOSIMETRY; ELECTRON BEAMS; POLYMER FILMS; REACTION KINETICS; STYRENE;

EID: 34249702388     PISSN: 13858947     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.cej.2007.01.011     Document Type: Article

References (35)

1. Nasef M.M., and Hegazy E.-S.A. Preparation and applications of ion exchange membranes by radiation-induced graft copolymerization of polar monomers onto non-polar films. Prog. Polym. Sci. 29 (2004) 499-561
2. Dargaville T.R., George G.A., Hill D.J.T., and Whittaker A.K. High energy radiation grafting of fluoropolymers. Prog. Polym. Sci. 28 (2003) 1355-2176
3. Rager T. Pri-irradiation grafting of styrene/divinylbenzene onto poly(tetrafluoroethylene-co-hexafluoropropylene) from non-solvents. Helvet. Chim. Acta 86 (2003) 1966-1981
4. Gupta B., and Scherer G.G. Proton exchange membranes by radiation-induced graft copolymerization of monomers into Teflon-FEP films. Chimia 48 (1994) 127-137
5. Guzman-Garcia A.G., Pintauro P.N., Verbrugge M.W., and Schneider E.W. Analysis of radiation-grafted membranes for fuel cell electrolytes. J. Appl. Electrochem. 22 (1992) 204-214
6. Gubler L., Gürsel S.A., and Scherer G.G. Radiation grafted membranes for polymer electrolyte fuel cells. Fuel Cells 5 (2005) 317-335
7. Gubler L., Slaski M., Wokaun A., and Scherer G.G. Advanced monomer combinations for radiation grafted fuel cell membranes. Electrochem. Commun. 8 (2006) 1215-1219
8. Nasef M.M., Saidi H., and Dahlan K. Electron beam irradiation effects on ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer films. Radiat. Phys. Chem. 68 (2003) 875-883
9. Momose T., Yoshioka H., Ishigaki I., and Okamoto J. Radiation grafting of α,β,β-trifluorostyrene onto poly(ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene) film by preirradiation method. I. Effects of preirradiation dose, monomer concentration, reaction temperature, and film thickness. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 37 (1989) 2817-2826
10. Elmidaoui A., Cherif A.T., Brunea J., Duclert F., Cohen T., and Gavach C. Preparation of perfluorinated ion-exchange membranes and their application in acid recovery. J. Membr. Sci. 67 (1992) 263-271
11. Brack H.P., Büchi F.N., Rota M., and Scherer G.G. Development of radiation grafted membranes for fuel cell applications based on poly(ethylene-alt-tetrafluoroethylene). Polym. Mater. Sci. Eng. 77 (1997) 368-369
12. Brack H.P., Buhrer H.G., Bonorand L., and Scherer G.G. Grafting of pre-irradiated poly(ethylene-alt-tetrafluoroethylene) films with styrene: influence of base polymer film properties and processing parameters. J. Mater. Chem. 10 (2000) 1795-1803
13. Becker W., Berthe M., and Schmidt-Naake G. Grafting of poly(styrene-co-acrylonitrile) onto pre-irradiated FEP and ETFE films. Die Angew. Makromol. Chemie. 273 (1999) 57-62
14. Horsfall J.A., and Lovell K.V. Synthesis and characterisation of sulfonic acid-containing ion exchange membranes based on hydrocarbon and fluorocarbon polymers. Eur. Polym. J. 38 (2002) 1671-1682
15. Hatanaka T., Hasegawa N., Kamiya A., Kawasumi M., Morimoto Y., and Kawahara K. Cell performance of direct methanol fuel cells with grafted membranes. Fuel 81 (2002) 2173-2176
16. Arico A.S., Baglio V., Creti P., Di Blasi P.A., Antonucci V., Brunea J., Chapotot A., Bozzi A., and Schoemans J. Investigation of grafted ETFE-based polymer membranes as alternative electrolyte for direct methanol fuel cell. J. Power Sources 123 (2003) 107-115
17. Gubler L., Prost N., Gürsel S.A., and Scherer G.G. Proton exchange membranes prepared by radiation grafting of styrene/divinylbenzene onto poly(ethylene-alt-tetrafluoroethylene) for low temperature fuel cells. Solid State Ionics 176 (2005) 2849-2860
18. Chen J., Asano M., Yamaki T., and Yoshida M. Preparation and characterization of chemically stable polymer electrolyte membranes by radiation-induced graft copolymerization of four monomers into ETFE films. J. Membr. Sci. 269 (2006) 194-204
19. Guilmeau I., Esnouf S., Betz N., and Le Moel A. Kinetics and characaterization of radiation-induced grafting of styrene onto fluoropolymers. Nucl. Instrum. Meth. Phys. Res. B 131 (1997) 270-275
20. Nasef M.M., Saidi H., Dessouki A.M., and El-Nesr E.M. Radiation-induced grafting of styrene onto poly(tetrafluoroethylene) (PTFE) films. I. Effect of grafting conditions and properties of the grafted films. Polym. Int. 49 (2000) 399-406
21. Nho Y.C., Chen K., and Jin J.H. Grafting polymerization of styrene onto preirradiated polypropylene fabric. Radiat. Phys. Chem. 54 (1999) 317-322
22. Nasef M.M., Saidi H., and Nor H.M. Proton exchange membranes prepared by simultaneous radiation grafting of styrene onto poly(tetrafluoroethylene-co-hexafluoropropylene) films. I. Effect of grafting conditions. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 76 (2000) 220-227
23. Walsby N., Paronen M., Juhanoja J., and Sundholm F. Radiation grafting of styrene onto poly(vinylidene fluoride) films in propanol: the influence of solvent and synthesis conditions. J. Polym. Sci.: Part: A: Polym. Chem. 38 (2000) 1512-1519
24. Chapiro A. Radiation induced grafting. Int. J. Rad. Phys. Chem. 9 (1977) 55-67
25. Ellinghorst G., Niemoller A., and Vierkotten D. Radiation-initiated grafting of polymer films-an alternative technique to prepare membranes for various separation problems. Radiat. Phys. Chem. 22 (1983) 635-642
26. Ishigaki I., Sugo T., Senoo K., and Okada T. Graft polymerization of acrylic acid onto polyethylene film by preirradiation method. I. Effects of preirradiation dose, monomer concentration, reaction temperature and film thickness. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 27 (1982) 1033-1041
27. Nasef M.M., and Dahlan K.M. Electron irradiation effects on partially fluorinated polymer films: structure-property relationships. Nucl. Instrum. Meth. Phys. Res. B. 201 (2003) 604-614
28. Bozzi A., and Chapiró A. Synthesis of permselective membranes by grafting acrylic acid into air-irradiated Teflon-FEP films. Radiat. Phys. Chem. 32 (1988) 193-196
29. Gupta B., Büchi F.N., and Scherer G.G. Cation exchange membranes by pre-irradiation grafting of styrene into FEP films. I. Influence of synthesis conditions. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 32 (1994) 1931-1938
30. Feng J., and Change C.-M. Compatibility and properties of alternating ethylene-tetrefluoroethylen copolymer and polymethyl methacrylate blend. Polymer 38 (1999) 6371-6378
31. Hegazy E.-S.A., Ishigaki I., and Okamoto J. Radiation grafting of acrylic acid onto fluorine-containing polymers. I. kinetic study of preirradiation grafting onto poly(tetrafluoroethylene). J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 26 (1981) 3117-3124
32. Gupta B., and Chapiro A. Preparation of ion-exchange membranes by grafting acrylic acid into pre-irradiated polymer films. 1. Grafting into polyethylene. Eur. Polym. J. 25 (1989) 1137-1143
33. Hegazy E.-S.A., El-Dessouky M.M., and El-Sharabasy S.A. Some investigations on the post radiation grafting of acrylamide onto polyethylene films. Radiat. Phys. Chem. 27 (1986) 323-328
34. Aouadj S., and Chapiro A. Preparation of hydrophilic membranes by grafting acrylic acid onto pre-irradiated Teflon-FEP films. Die Angew. Makromol. Chemie 235 (1996) 73-80
35. Hegazy E.-S.A., Al-Assy N.B., Taher N.H., and Dessouki A.M. Radiation initiated grafting onto fluoropolymers for membrane preparation II. Radiat. Phys. Chem. 23 (1989) 539-543