Measurements of daily urinary uranium excretion in German peacekeeping personnel and residents of the Kosovo region to assess potential intakes of depleted uranium (DU)

Science of the Total Environment

Volumn 381, Issue 1-3, 2007, Pages 77-87

  Oeh, U ^a   Priest, N D ^b   Roth, P ^a   Ragnarsdottir, K V ^c   Li, W B ^a   Hollriegl V ^a   Thirlwall, M F ^d   Michalke, B ^a   Giussani, A ^a,e   Schramel, P ^a   Paretzke, H G ^a  

^a INSTITUTE OF EPIDEMIOLOGY   (Germany)

^b MIDDLESEX UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

^c UNIVERSITY OF BRISTOL   (United Kingdom)

^d UNIVERSITY OF LONDON   (United Kingdom)

^e UNIVERSITY OF MILAN   (Italy)

Author keywords

Depleted uranium; Radiation exposure; Urinary excretion; Water samples

Indexed keywords

DEPLETED URANIUM (DU); RADIATION EXPOSURE; URINARY EXCRETION; WATER SAMPLES;

HEALTH RISKS; ISOTOPES; RADIATION EFFECTS; URANIUM; WATER ANALYSIS;

BODY FLUIDS;

DEPLETED URANIUM; ISOTOPE; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; URANIUM;

EXCRETION; HEALTH RISK; MASS SPECTROMETRY; MEASUREMENT METHOD; PEACEKEEPING; RADIATION EXPOSURE; URANIUM; URINE;

ADMINISTRATIVE PERSONNEL; ADOLESCENT; ADULT; ARTICLE; CHILD; CONTROLLED STUDY; ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE; FEMALE; FLUID INTAKE; GERMANY; HEALTH HAZARD; HUMAN; MALE; MASS SPECTROMETER; PRIORITY JOURNAL; URINALYSIS; URINARY EXCRETION; VOLUNTEER; WATER ANALYSIS; YUGOSLAVIA;

ADULT; AGED; ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING; FEMALE; GERMANY; HUMANS; MALE; MASS SPECTROMETRY; MIDDLE AGED; MILITARY PERSONNEL; OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE; URANIUM; WATER; YUGOSLAVIA;

BALKANS; EURASIA; EUROPE; KOSOVO; SERBIA; SOUTHERN EUROPE;

EID: 34249698169     PISSN: 00489697     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2007.03.024     Document Type: Article

References (66)

1. Aitchison J., and Brown J.A.C. The lognormal distribution (1969), Cambridge University, London
2. Al-Jundi J., Werner E., Roth P., Höllriegl V., Wendler I., and Schramel P. Thorium and uranium contents in human urine: influence of age and residential area. J Environ Radioact 71 1 (2004) 61-70
3. ATSDR. Toxicological profile for uranium. ATSDR report, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Atlanta (1999)
4. Bagatti D., Cantone M.C., Giussani A., Veronese I., Roth P., Werner E., et al. Regional dependence of urinary uranium baseline levels in non-exposed subjects with particular reference to volunteers from Northern Italy. J Environ Radioact 65 (2003) 357-364
5. Betti M. Civil use of depleted uranium. J Environ Radioact 64 (2003) 113-119
6. Bleise A., Danesi P.R., and Burkart W. Properties, use and health effects of depleted uranium (DU): a general overview. J Environ Radioact 64 (2003) 93-112
7. Byrne A.R., and Benedik L. Uranium content of blood, urine and hair of exposed and non-exposed persons determined by radiochemical neutron activation analysis, with emphasis on quality control. Sci Total Environ 107 (1991) 143-157
8. Chambers J.M., Cleveland W.S., Kleiner B., and Tukey P.A. Graphical methods for data analysis (1983), Duxbury Press, Boston
9. Dang H.S., Pullat V.R., and Pillai K.C. Determining the normal concentration of uranium in urine and application of the data to its biokinetics. Health Phys 62 (1992) 562-566
10. Dang H.S., Pullat V.R., and Pillai K.C. Gastrointestinal absorption factor for uranium incorporated in diet. Radiat Prot Dosim 40 (1992) 195-197
11. Domingo J.L. Reproductive and developmental toxicity of natural and depleted uranium: a review. Reprod Toxicol 15 (2001) 603-609
12. Durante M., and Pugliese M. Depleted uranium residual radiological risk assessment for Kosovo sites. J Environ Radioact 64 (2003) 237-245
13. European Parliament. Depleted uranium: environmental and health effects in the Gulf War, Bosnia and Kosovo. Report STOA-100-EN (2001)
14. Fisenne I.M., Perry P.M., and Harley N.H. Uranium in humans. Radiat Prot Dosim 24 (1988) 127-131
15. 226,228Ra by New York City residents. Health Phys 53 (1987) 357-363
16. Fisher D.R., Jackson P.O., Brodaczynski G.G., and Scherpelz R.I. Levels of U-234, U-238, and Th-230 in excreta of uranium mill crushermen. Health Phys 45 (1983) 617-629
17. Galletti M., D'Annibale L., Pinto V., and Cremisini C. Uranium daily intake and urinary excretion: a preliminary study in Italy. Health Phys 85 2 (2003) 228-235
18. Harduin J.C., Royer P., and Piechowski J. Uptake and urinary excretion of uranium after oral administration in man. Radiat Prot Dosim 53 (1994) 245-248
19. Harley J.H. Naturally occurring sources of radioactive contamination. Radionuclides in the food chain. International life sciences institute monographs (1988), Spinger-Verlag, Heidelberg
20. Harley N.H., Foulkes E.C., Hilborne L.H., Hudson A., and Anthony C.R. Depleted uranium, a review of the scientific literature as it pertains to gulf war illness (1999), RAND (Research and Development), Santa Monica
21. ICRP. Recommendations of the International Commission on Radiological Protection. ICRP Publication 60. Annals of the ICRP vol. 21 (1991), Pergamon Press, Oxford, UK
22. ICRP. Human respiratory tract model for radiological protection. ICRP Publication 66. Annals of the ICRP vol. 24 (1994), Pergamon Press, Oxford, UK
23. ICRP. Age-dependent doses to members of the public from intake of radionuclides: part 3: ingestion dose coefficients. ICRP Publication 69. Annals of the ICRP vol. 25 (1995), Pergamon Press, Oxford, UK
24. ICRP. Age-dependent doses to members of the public from intake of radionuclides: part 4: inhalation dose coefficients. ICRP Publication 71. Annals of the ICRP vol. 25 (1995), Pergamon Press, Oxford, UK
25. ICRP. Basic anatomical and physiological data for use in radiological protection: reference values. ICRP Publication 89. Annals of the ICRP vol. 32 (2003), Pergamon Press, Oxford, UK
26. Jia G., Belli M., Sansone U., Rosamilia S., and Gaudino S. Concentration, distribution and characteristics of depleted uranium (DU) in the Kosovo ecosystem: a comparison with the uranium behaviour in the environment uncontaminated by DU. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 260 (2004) 481-494
27. Karpas Z., Paz-Tal O., Lorber A., Salonen L., Komulainen H., Auvinen A., et al. Urine, hair, and nails as indicators for ingestion of uranium in drinking water. Health Phys 88 3 (2005) 229-242
28. Larsen R.P., Bhattacharrya M.H., Oldham R.D., Moretti E.S., and Cohen N. Gastrointestinal absorption and retention of plutonium and uranium in the baboon. Environmental Research Division annual report, Argonne National Laboratory (1984)
29. Leggett R.W., and Harrison J.D. Fractional absorption of ingested uranium in humans. Health Phys 68 (1995) 484-498
30. Li W.B., Roth P., Wahl W., Oeh U., Höllriegl V., and Paretzke H.G. Biokinetic modeling of uranium in man after injection and ingestion. Radiat Environ Biophys 44 (2005) 29-40
31. Limson Zamora M., Zielinski J.M., Meyerhof D.P., and Tracy B.L. Gastrointestinal absorption of uranium in humans. Health Phys 83 (2002) 35-45
32. McDiarmid M.A., Engelhardt S., Oliver M., Gucer P., Wilson P.D., Kane R., et al. Health effects of depleted uranium on exposed Gulf War veterans: a 10-year follow-up. J Toxicol Environ Health Part A 67 (2004) 277-296
33. Meddings D.R., and Haldimann M. Depleted uranium in Kosovo: an assessment of potential exposure for aid workers. Health Phys 82 4 (2002) 467-472
34. Medley D.W., Kathren R.L., and Miller A.G. Diurnal urinary volume and uranium output in uranium workers and unexposed controls. Health Phys 67 2 (1994) 122-130
35. NHANES. Third national report on human exposure to environmental chemicals. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2005), National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, Atlanta, GA
36. Oeh U, Andrasi A, Bouvier C, De Carlan L, Fisher H, Franck D et al. Implementation of bioassay methods to improve assessment of incorporated radionuclides. Radiat Prot Dosim in press. doi:10.1093/rpd/ncm165.
37. Orloff K.G., Mistry K., Charp P., Metcalf S., Marino R., Shelly T., et al. Human exposure to uranium in groundwater. Environ Res 94 (2004) 319-326
38. Ough E.A., Lewis B.J., Andrews W.S., Bennett L.G.I., Hancock R.G.V., and Scott K. An examination of uranium levels in Canadian forces personnel who served in the Gulf War and Kosovo. Health Phys 82 4 (2002) 527-532
39. Papastefanou C. Depleted uranium in military conflicts and the impact on the environment. Health Phys 83 (2002) 280-282
40. 238U and uranium concentration in urine using SF-ICP-MS and MC-ICP-MS: an interlaboratory comparison. Health Phys 90 2 (2006) 127-138
41. 226Ra in the adult population of the central Poland. Sci Total Environ 273 (2001) 163-166
42. Priest N.D. Toxicity of depleted uranium. Lancet 357 (2001) 244-246
43. Priest N.D., and Thirlwall M. Early results of studies on the levels of depleted uranium excreted by Balkan residents. Arch Oncol 9 4 (2001) 240
44. Ragnarsdottir K.V., and Charlet L. Uranium behaviour in natural environments. Environmental mineralogy: microbial interactions, anthropogenic influences, contaminate land and waste management (2000), The Mineralogical Society of Great Gritain & Ireland
45. Roth P., Werner E., and Paretzke H.G. A study of uranium excreted in urine - an assessment of protective measures taken by the German Army KFOR Contingent [online] (2001). http://www.nato.int/du/docu/ge010229a.pdf Available at: http://www.nato.int/du/docu/ge010229a.pdf. Accessed 13/09/2006
46. Roth P., Höllriegl V., Werner E., and Schramel P. Assessment of exposure to depleted uranium. Radiat Prot Dosim 105 (2003) 157-161
47. Russell J.J., and Kathren R.L. Uranium deposition and retention in a USTUR whole body case. Health Phys 86 (2004) 273-284
48. Sachs L. Angewandte Statistik (1999), Springer, Berlin
49. Sansone U., Danesi P.R., Barbizzi S., Belli M., Campbell M., Gaudino S., et al. Radioecological survey at selected sites hit by depleted uranium ammunitions during the 1999 Kosovo conflict. Sci Total Environ 281 (2001) 23-35
50. Santschi P.H., and Moneyman B.D. Radionuclides in aquatic environments. Radiat Phys Chem 34 (1989) 213-230
51. Schimmack W., Gerstmann U., Oeh U., Schultz W., and Schramel P. Leaching of depleted uranium in soil as determined by column experiments. Radiat Environ Biophys 44 (2005) 183-191
52. 238U in urine samples using sector field inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B 778 (2002) 275-278
53. 238U and calcium in humans. Radiat Res 124 (1990) 90-95
54. Stradling G.N., Moody J.C., Hodgson A., Fell T.P., and Rance E. Exposure limits and assessment of intake for inhaled soluble uranium compounds. J Alloys Compd 271-273 (1998) 54-57
55. Taylor D.M., and Taylor S.K. Environmental uranium and human health. Rev Environ Health 12 (1997) 147-157
56. The Royal Society. The health hazards of depleted uranium munitions: part I (2001), Royal Society, London
57. Ting B.G., Paschal D.C., Jarrett J.M., Pirkle J.L., Jackson R.J., Sampson E.J., et al. Uranium and thorium in urine of United States residents: reference range concentrations. Environ Res Section A 81 (1999) 45-51
58. UNEP. Assessment of the potential effects on human health and the environment due to the possible use of depleted uranium in the Balkan conflict in 1999. A report to UNEP/Habitat Balkans Task Force, United Nations Environment Programme (1999)
59. UNEP. Depleted uranium in Kosovo, post-conflict environmental assessment. A report to UNEP/Habitat Balkans Task Force, United Nations Environment Programme (2001)
60. UNEP. Depleted uranium in Serbia and Montenegro. Post-conflict environmental assessment in the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. A report to UNEP/Habitat Balkans Task Force, United Nations Environment Programme (2002)
61. UNSCEAR. Sources and effects of ionizing radiation, report to the general assembly vol. I (2000), United Nations, New York
62. US Department of Defense. Depleted uranium aerosol doses and risks: summary of U.S. assessments [online] (2004). http://www.deploymentlink.osd.mil/du_library/du_capstone/index.pdf Available at: http://www.deploymentlink.osd.mil/du_library/du_capstone/index.pdf
63. Werner E., Roth P., Wendler I., Schramel P., Hellmann H., and Kratzel U. Feasibility of ICP-MS for the assessment of uranium excretion in urine. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 226 (1997) 201-203
64. WHO. Guidelines for drinking-water quality (1998), The World Health Organisation
65. WHO. Depleted uranium: sources, exposure and health effects (2001), The World Health Organisation
66. Wrenn M.E., Singh N.P., Ruth H., Rallison M.L., and Burleigh D.P. Gastrointestinal absorption of soluble uranium from drinking water by man. Radiat Prot Dosim 26 (1989) 119-122