Vertebrate yolk complexes and the functional implications of phosvitins and other subdomains in vitellogenins

Biology of Reproduction

Volumn 76, Issue 6, 2007, Pages 926-935

  Finn, Roderick Nigel ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF BERGEN   (Norway)

Author keywords

Atherosclerosis; Developmental biology; Gametogenesis; Hemostasis; Lipoprotein; Lipovitellin; Oocyte development; Von Willebrand factor

Indexed keywords

ADHESIN; ARGINYLGLYCYLASPARTIC ACID; BLOOD CLOTTING FACTOR 8; CYSTEINE; INTEGRIN; LIPOPHORIN; LIPOVITELLIN; MONOMER; MUCIN; PHOSVITIN; PROTEIN PRECURSOR; SERINE; VITELLOGENIN; VON WILLEBRAND FACTOR;

AMINO ACID SEQUENCE; CARBOXY TERMINAL SEQUENCE; EGG YOLK; MOLECULAR WEIGHT; NONHUMAN; NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE; OOCYTE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEIN DOMAIN; PROTEIN FUNCTION; PROTEIN MOTIF; PROTEIN STABILITY; SHORT SURVEY;

AMPHIBIA; ANIMALS; BIRDS; EGG YOLK; FISHES; MODELS, BIOLOGICAL; MODELS, MOLECULAR; MULTIPROTEIN COMPLEXES; PHOSVITIN; PROTEIN STRUCTURE, TERTIARY; VERTEBRATES; VITELLOGENINS; VON WILLEBRAND FACTOR;

VERTEBRATA;

EID: 34249689094     PISSN: 00063363     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.106.059766     Document Type: Short Survey

References (120)

1. Wallace RA. Vitellogenesis and oocyte growth in nonmammalian vertebrates. In: Browder LW (ed.). Developmental Biology, vol. I. New York: Plenum Press; 1985:127-177.
2. Byrne BM, Gruber M, Ab G. The evolution of egg yolk proteins. Prog Biophys Mol Biol 1989; 53:33-69.
3. Chen JS, Sappington TW, Raikhel AS. Extensive sequence conservation among insect, nematode, and vertebrate vitellogenins reveals ancient common ancestry. J Mol Evol 1997; 44:440-451.
4. Sappington TW, Raikhel AS. Molecular characteristics of insect vitellogenins and vitellogenin receptors. Insect Biochem Mol Biol 1998; 28:277-300.
5. Finn RN. The maturational disassembly and differential proteolysis of paralogous vitellogenins in a marine pelagophil teleost: a conserved mechanism of oocyte hydration. Biol Reprod 2002; 76:936-948.
6. Finn RN, Kristoffersen BA. Vertebrate vitellogenin gene duplication in relation to the "3R Hypothesis": correlation to the pelagic egg and the oceanic radiation of teleosts. PLoS ONE 2007; 2:e169.
7. Mosconi G, Carnevali O, Habibi HR, Sanyal R, Polzonetti-Magni AM. Hormonal mechanisms regulating hepatic vitellogenin synthesis in the gilthead seabream, Sparus aurata. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2002; 283: 673-678.
8. Jared DW, Wallace RA. Comparative chromatography of the yolk proteins of teleosts. Comp Biochem Physiol 1968; 24:437-443.
9. Markert JR, Vanstone WE. Egg proteins of coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch): chromatographic separation and molecular weights of the major proteins in the high density fraction and their presence in salmon plasma. J Fish Res Bd Can 1971; 28:1853-1856.
10. Wallace RA, Selman K. Ultrastructural aspects of oogenesis and oocyte growth in fish and amphibians. J Electron Microsc Tech 1990; 16:175-201.
11. Conner SD, Schmid SL. Regulated portals of entry into the cell. Nature 2003; 422:37-44.
12. Sorkin A. Cargo recognition during clathrin-mediated endocytosis: a team effort. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2004; 16:392-399.
13. Duncan MC, Payne GS. Cell biology: protein choreography. Nature 2005; 438:571-573.
14. Clague MJ, Hammond DE. Membrane traffic: catching the lysosome express. Curr Biol 2006; 16:R416-418.
15. Lakadamyalt M, Rust MJ, Zhuang X. Ligands for clathrin-mediated endocytosis are differentially sorted into distinct populations of early endosomes. Cell 2006; 124:997-1009.
16. Busson-Mabillot S. Endosomes transfer yolk proteins to lysosomes in the vitellogenic oocyte of the trout. Biol Cell 1984; 51:53-66.
17. Fagotto F. Regulation of yolk degradation, or how to make sleepy lysosomes. J Cell Sci 1995; 108:3645-3647.
18. Selman K, Wallace RA, Cerdà J. Bafilomycin A1 inhibits proteolytic cleavage and hydration but not yolk crystal disassembly or meiosis during maturation of sea bass oocytes. J Exp Zool 2001; 290:265-278.
19. +-ATPase inhibitor: effects on the hydration mechanism. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2006; 290:R456-466.
20. Yoshizaki N, Yonezawa S. Cathepsin D activity in the vitellogenesis of Xenopus laevis. Dev Growth Differ 1994; 36:299-306.
21. Hiramatsu N, Hara A. Specific proteolysis of vitellogenin to egg yolk proteins in white spotted-charr Salvelinus leucomaenis. Nippon Suisan Gakkaishi 1997; 63:701-708.
22. Carnevali O, Carletta R, Cambi A, Vita A, Bromage N. Yolk formation and degradation during oocyte maturation in seabream Sparus aurata: involvement of two lysosomal proteinases. Biol Reprod 1999; 60:140-146.
23. Carnevali O, Cionna C, Tosti L, Lubzens E, Maradonna F. Role of cathepsins in ovarian follicle growth and maturation. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2006; 146:195-203.
24. Hiramatsu N, Ichikawa N, Fukada H, Fujita T, Sullivan CV, Hara A. Identification and characterization of proteases involved in specific proteolysis of vitellogenin and yolk proteins in salmonids. J Exp Zool 2002; 292:11-25.
25. Fabra M, Cerdà J. Ovarian cysteine proteinases in the teleost Fundulus heteroclitus: molecular cloning and gene expression during vitellogenesis and oocyte maturation. Mol Reprod Dev S 2004; 67:282-294.
26. Romano M, Rosanova P, Anteo C, Limatola E. Vertebrate yolk proteins: a review. Mol Reprod Dev 2004; 69:109-116.
27. Hiramatsu N, Cheek AO, Sullivan CV, Matsubara T, Hara A. Vitellogenesis and endocrine disruption. In: Mommsen TP, Moon TW (eds.). Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Fishes, vol. 6. Amsterdam: Elsevier Science BV; 2006:431-471.
28. LaFleur GJ Jr, Byrne BM, Kanungo J, Nelson LD, Greenberg RM, Wallace RA. Fundulus heteroclitus vitellogenin: the deduced primary structure of a piscine precursor to noncrystalline, liquid-phase yolk protein. J Mol Evol 1995; 41:505-521.
29. LaFleur GJ Jr, Raldúa D, Fabra M, Carnevali O, Denslow N, Wallace RA, Cerdà J. Derivation of major yolk proteins from parental vitellogenins and alternative processing during oocyte maturation in Fundulus heteroclitus. Biol Reprod 2005; 73:815-824.
30. Matsubara T, Ohkubo N, Andoh T, Sullivan CV, Hara A. Two forms of vitellogenin, yielding two distinct lipovitellins, play different roles during oocyte maturation and early development of barfin flounder, Verasper moseri, a marine teleost that spawns pelagic eggs. Dev Biol 1999; 213: 18-32.
31. Matsubara T, Nagae M, Ohkubo N, Andoh T, Sawaguchi S, Hiramatsu N, Sullivan CV, Hara A. Multiple vitellogenins and their unique roles in marine teleosts. Fish Physiol Biochem 2003; 28:295-299.
32. Trichet V, Buisine N, Mouchel N, Moran P, Pendas AM, Le Pennec JP, Wolff J. Genomic analysis of the vitellogenin locus in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) reveals a complex history of gene amplification and retroposon activity. Mol Gen Genet S 2000; 263:828-837.
33. Reith M, Munholland J, Kelly J, Finn RN, Fyhn HJ. Lipovitellins derived from two forms of vitellogenin are differentially processed during oocyte maturation in haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus). J Exp Zool 2001; 291:58-67.
34. Buisine N, Trichet V, Wolff J. Complex evolution of vitellogenin genes in salmonid fishes. Mol Genet Genomics 2002; 268:535-542.
35. Hiramatsu N, Matsubara T, Hara A, Donato DM, Hiramatsu K, Denslow ND, Sullivan CV. Identification, purification and classification of multiple forms of vitellogenin from white perch (Morone americana). Fish Physiol Biochem 2002; 26:355-370.
36. Hiramatsu N, Hara A, Matsubara T, Hiramatsu K, Sullivan CV. Oocyte growth in temperate basses: multiple forms of vitellogenin and their receptor. Fish Physiol Biochem 2003; 28:301-303.
37. Ohkubo N, Mochida K, Adachi S, Hara A, Hotta K, Nakamura Y, Matsubara T. Development of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for two forms of vitellogenin in Japanese common goby (Acanthogobius flavimanus). Gen Comp Endocrinol 2003; 131:353-364.
38. Ohkubo N, Andoh T, Mochida K, Adachi S, Hara A, Matsubara T. Deduced primary structure of two forms of vitellogenin in Japanese common goby (Acanthogobius flavimanus). Gen Comp Endocrinol 2004; 137:19-28.
39. Cohen AM, Mansour AA, Banoub JH. 'De novo' sequencing of Atlantic cod vitellogenin tryptic peptides by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ ionization quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry: similarities with haddock vitellogenin. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 2005; 19:2454-2460.
40. Fujiwara Y, Fukada H, Shimizu M, Hara A. Purification of two lipovitellins and development of immunoassays for two forms of their precursors (vitellogenins) in medaka (Oryzias latipes). Gen Comp Endocrinol 2005; 143:267-277.
41. Wang H, Tan JT, Emelyanov A, Korzh V, Gong Z. Hepatic and extrahepatic expression of vitellogenin genes in the zebrafish. Danio rerio. Gene 2005; 356:91-100.
42. Sawaguchi S, Koya Y, Yoshizaki N, Ohkubo N, Andoh T, Hiramatsu N, Sullivan CV, Hara A, Matsubara T. Multiple vitellogenins (Vgs) in mosquitofish (Gambusia affinis): identification and characterization of three functional Vg genes and their circulating and yolk protein products. Biol Reprod 2005; 72:1045-1060.
43. Sawaguchi S, Ohkubo N, Koya Y, Matsubara T. Incorporation and utilization of multiple forms of vitellogenin and their derivative yolk proteins during vitellogenesis and embryonic development in the mosquitofish. Gambusia affinis. Zool Sci 2005; 22:701-710.
44. Sawaguchi S, Kagawa H, Ohkubo N, Hiramatsu N, Sullivan CV, Matsubara T. Molecular characterization of three forms of vitellogenin and their yolk protein products during oocyte growth and maturation in red seabream (Pagrus major), a marine teleost spawning pelagic eggs. Mol Reprod Dev 2006; 73:719-736.
45. Miracle A, Ankley G, Lattier D. Expression of two vitellogenin genes (vg1 and vg3) in fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) liver in response to exposure to steroidal estrogens and androgens. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2006; 63:337-342.
46. Ohlendorf DH, Barbarash GR, Trout A, Kent C, Banaszak LJ. Lipid and polypeptde components of the crystalline yolk system from Xenopus laevis. J Biol Chem 1997; 252:7992-8001.
47. Yoshitome S, Nakamura H, Nakajo N, Okamoto K, Sugimoto I, Kohara H, Kitayama K, Igarashi K, Ito S, Sagata N, Hashimoto E. Mr 25 000 protein, a substrate for protein serine/threonine kinases, is identified as a part of Xenopus laevis vitellogenin B1. Dev Growth Differ 2003; 45: 283-294.
48. Bergink EW, Wallace RA. Precursor-product relationship between amphibian vitellogenin and the yolk proteins, lipovitellin and phosvitin. J Biol Chem 1974; 249:2897-2903.
49. Wallace RA, Hoch KL, Carnevali O. Placement of small lipovitellin subunits within the vitellogenin precursor in Xenopus laevis. J Mol Biol 1990; 213:407-409.
50. Gerber-Huber S, Nardelli D, Haefliger JA, Cooper DN, Givel F, Germond JE, Engel J, Green NM, Wahli W. Precursor-product relationship between vitellogenin and the yolk proteins as derived from the complete sequence of a Xenopus vitellogenin gene. Nucleic Acids Res 1987; 15:4737-4760.
51. Wang SY, Williams DL. Identificiation, purification, and characterization of two distinct avian vitellogenins. Biochemistry 1980; 19:1557-1563.
52. Wang SY, Smith DE, Williams DL. Purification of avian vitellogenin III: comparison with vitellogenins I and II. Biochemistry 1983; 22:6206-6212.
53. van het Schip FD, Samallo J, Broos J, Ophuis J, Mojet M, Gruber M, Ab G. Nucleotide sequence of a chicken vitellogenin gene and derived amino acid sequence of the encoded yolk precursor protein. J Mol Biol 1987; 196:245-260.
54. Silva R, Fischer AH, Burch JB. The major and minor chicken vitellogenin genes are each adjacent to partially deleted pseudogene copies of the other. Mol Cell Biol 1989; 9:3557-3562.
55. Wiley HS, Wallace RA. The structure of vitellogenin. Multiple vitellogenins in Xenopus laevis give rise to multiple forms of the yolk proteins. J Biol Chem 1981; 256:8626-8634.
56. Byrne BM, van het Schip AD, van de Klundert JA, Arnberg AC, Gruber M, Ab G. Amino acid sequence of phosvitin derived from the nucleotide sequence of part of the chicken vitellogenin gene. Biochemistry 1984; 23:4275-4279.
57. Wallace RA, Morgan JP. Chromatographic resolution of chicken phosvitin. Multiple macromolecular species in a classic vitellogenin-derived phosphoprotein. Biochem J 1986; 240:871-878.
58. Wallace RA, Morgan JP. Isolation of phosvitin: retention of small molecular weight species and staining characteristics on electrophoretic gels. Anal Biochem 1986; 157:256-261.
59. Elkin RG, Freed MB, Danetz SA, Bidwell CA. Proteolysis of Japanese quail and chicken plasma apolipoprotein B and vitellogenin by cathepsin D: similarity of the resulting protein fragments with egg yolk polypeptides. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 1995; 112: 191-196.
60. Castellani O, Martinet V, David-Briand E, Guerin-Dubiard C, Anton M. Egg yolk phosvitin: preparation of metal-free purified protein by fast protein liquid chromatography using aqueous solvents. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2003; 791:273-284.
61. Clark RC. The primary structure of avian Phosvitins. Contributions through the Edman degradation of methylmercaptovitins prepared from the constituent phosphoproteins. Int J Biochem 1985; 17:983-988.
62. Groche D, Rashkovetsky LG, Falchuk KH, Auld DS. Subunit composition of the zinc proteins alpha- and beta-lipovitellin from chicken. J Protein Chem 2000; 19:379-387.
63. Johanning KM, Specker JL. Characterization of yolk proteins during oocyte development of tilapia, Oreochromis mossambicus. Comp Biochem Physiol 1995; 112B:177-189.
64. Anderson TA, Levitt DG, Banaszak LJ. The structural basis of lipid interactions in lipovitellin, a soluble lipoprotein. Structure 1998; 6:895-909.
65. Finn RN, Ostby GC, Norberg B, Fyhn HJ. In vivo oocyte hydration in Atlantic halibut (Hippoglossus hippoglossus); proteolytic liberation of free amino acids, and ion transport, are driving forces for osmotic water influx. J Exp Biol 2002; 205:211-224.
66. Sharrock WJ, Rosenwasser TA, Gould J, Knott J, Hussey D, Gordon JI, Banaszak L. Sequence of lamprey vitellogenin. Implications for the lipovitellin crystal structure. J Mol Biol 1992; 226:903-907.
67. Lim EH, Teo BY, Lam TJ, Ding JL. Sequence analysis of a fish vitellogenin cDNA with a large phosvitin domain. Gene 2001; 277:175-186.
68. Chen JS, Cho WL, Raikhel AS. Analysis of mosquito vitellogenin cDNA. Similarity with venebrate phosvitins and arthropod serum proteins. J Mol Biol 1994; 237:641-647.
69. Thompson JR, Banaszak LJ. Lipid-protein interactions in lipovitellin. Biochemistry 2002; 41:9398-9409.
70. Losso JN, Bogumil R, Nakai S. Comparative studies of phosvitin from chicken and salmon egg yolk. Comp Biochem Physiol B 1993; 106:919-923.
71. Baker ME. Is vitellogenin an ancestor of apolipoprotein B-100 of human low-density lipoprotein and human lipoprotein lipase? Biochem J 1988; 255:1057-1060.
72. Babin PJ, Bogerd J, Kooiman FP, Van Marrewijk WJ, Van der Horst DJ. Apolipophorin II/I, apolipoprotein B, vitellogenin, and microsomal triglyceride transfer protein genes are derived from a common ancestor. J Mol Evol 1999; 49:150-160.
73. Perez LE, Fenton MJ, Callard IP. Vitellogenin-homologs of mammalian apolipoproteins? Comp Biochem Physiol B 1991; 100:821-826.
74. Davis RA. Evolution of processes and regulators of lipoprotein synthesis: from birds to mammals. J Nutr 1997; 127:795S-800S.
75. Richardson PE, Manchekar M, Dashti N, Jones MK, Beigneux A, Young SG, Harvey SC, Segrest JP. Assembly of lipoprotein particles containing apolipoprotein-B: structural model for the nascent lipoprotein particle. Biophys J 2005; 88:2789-2800.
76. Jiang ZG, Carraway M, McKnight CJ. Limited proteolysis and biophysical characterization of the lipovitellin homology region in apolipoprotein B. Biochemistry 2005; 44:1163-1173.
77. Manchekar M, Richardson PE, Forte TM, Datta G, Segrest JP, Dashti N. Apolipoprotein B-containing lipoprotein particle assembly: lipid capacity of the nascent lipoprotein particle. J Biol Chem 2004; 279:39757-39766.
78. Dashti N, Gandhi M, Liu X, Lin X, Segrest JP. The N-terminal 1000 residues of apolipoprotein B associate with microsomal triglyceride transfer protein to create a lipid transfer pocket required for lipoprotein assembly. Biochemistry 2002; 41:6978-6987.
79. Mann CJ, Anderson TA, Read J, Chester SA, Harrison GB, Kochl S, Ritchie PJ, Bradbury P, Hussain FS, Amey J, Vanloo B, Rosseneu M, et al. The structure of vitellogenin provides a molecular model for the assembly and secretion of atherogenic lipoproteins. J Mol Biol 1999; 285:391-408.
80. Segrest JP, Jones MK, Dashti N. N-terminal domain of apolipoprotein B has structural homology to lipovitellin and microsomal triglyceride transfer protein: a "lipid pocket" model for self-assembly of apob-containing lipoprotein particles. J Lipid Res 1999; 40:1401-1416.
81. Segrest JP, Jones MK, De Loof H, Dashti N. Structure of apolipoprotein B-100 in low density lipoproteins. J Lipid Res 2001; 42:1346-1367.
82. Silversand C. Vitellogenesis in teleost fish. A study of vitellogenin and egg lipids. Göteborg, Sweden: University of Göteborg; 1996. Thesis.
83. Norberg B, Haux C. Induction, isolation and a characterization of the lipid content of plasma vitellogenin from two Salmo species: rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) and sea trout (Salmo trutta). Comp Biochem Physiol B 1985; 81:869-876.
84. Finn RN, Fyhn HJ, Henderson RJ, Evjen MS. The sequence of catabolic substrate oxidation and enthalpy balance of developing embryos and yolk-sac larvae of turbot (Scophthalmus maximus L.). Comp Biochem Physiol 1996; 115A:133-151.
85. Ohkubo N, Matsubara T. Sequential utilization of free amino acids, yolk proteins and lipids in developing eggs and yolk-sac larvae of barfin flounder Verasper moseri. Mar Biol 2002; 140:187-196.
86. Ohkubo N, Sawaguchi S, Hamatsu T, Matsubara T. Utilization of free amino acids, yolk proteins and lipids in developing eggs and yolk-sac larvae of walleye pollock Theragra chalcogramma. Fish Sci 2006; 76: 620-630.
87. Rønnestad I, Finn RN, Lein I, Lie Ø. Compartmental changes in total lipid, lipid classes and their associated fatty acids of developing yolk-sac larvae of Atlantic halibut (Hippoglossus hippoglossus L.). Aquaculture Nutrition 1995; 1:119-130.
88. Kwon JY, Prat F, Randall C, Tyler CR. Molecular characterization of putative yolk processing enzymes and their expression during oogenesis and embryogenesis in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Biol Reprod 2001; 65:1701-1709.
89. Ibañez AJ, Peinado-Onsurbe J, Sanchez E, Prat F. The role of lipoprotein lipase (LPL) in the incorporation of neutral lipids into the oocytes of the European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax L.) during gonadal development. Fish Physiol Biochem 2003; 28:291-293.
90. Albalat A, Sanchez-Gurmaches J, Gutierrez J, Navarro I. Regulation of lipoprotein lipase activity in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) tissues. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2006; 146:226-235.
91. Grogan J, Taborsky G. Iron binding by Phosvitins: variable mechanism of iron release by phosvitins of diverse species characterized by different degrees of phosphorylation. J Inorg Biochem 1987; 29:33-47.
92. Lambert LA, Perri H, Meehan TJ. Evolution of duplications in the transferrin family of proteins. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2005; 140:11-25.
93. Lambert LA, Perri H, Halbrooks PJ, Mason AB. Evolution of the transferrin family: conservation of residues associated with iron and anion binding. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2005; 142: 129-141.
94. Shi X, Zhang S, Pang Q. Vitellogenin is a novel player in defense reactions. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2006; 20:769-772.
95. Liang Z, Sottrup-Jensen L, Aspan A, Hall M, Soderhall K. Pacifastin, a novel 155-kDa heterodimeric proteinase inhibitor containing a unique transferrin chain. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1997; 94:6682-6687.
96. Sutton RB, Fasshauer D, Jahn R, Brunger AT. Crystal structure of a SNARE complex involved in synaptic exocytosis at 2.4 Å resolution. Nature 1998; 395:347-353.
97. Reese C, Heise F, Mayer A. Trans-SNARE pairing can precede a hemifusion intermediate in intracellular membrane fusion. Nature 2005; 436:410-414.
98. Leabu M. Membrane fusion in cells: molecular machinery and mechanisms. J Cell Mol Med 2006; 10:423-427.
99. Baker ME. Invertebrate vitellogenin is homologous to human von Willebrand factor. Biochem J 1988; 256:1059-1061.
100. Yamamura J, Adachi T, Aoki N, Nakajima H, Nakamura R, Matsuda T. Precursor-product relationship between chicken vitellogenin and the yolk proteins: the 40 kDa yolk plasma glycoprotein is derived from the C-terminal cysteine-rich domain of vitellogenin II. Biochim Biophys Acta 1995; 1244:384-394.
101. Wang H, Yan T, Tan JT, Gong Z. A zebrafish vitellogenin gene (vg3) encodes a novel vitellogenin without a phosvitin domain and may represent a primitive vertebrate vitellogenin gene. Gene 2000; 256:303-310.
102. Selman K, Wallace RA, Sarka A, Qi X. Stages of oocyte development in the zebrafish Brachydanio rerio. J Morphol 1993; 218:203-224.
103. Campbell CM, Idler DR. Characterization of an estradiol-induced protein from rainbow trout serum as vitellogenin by the composition and radioimmunological cross reactivity to ovarian yolk fractions. Biol Reprod 1980; 22:605-617.
104. Riazi A, Fremont L, Gozzelino MT. Characterization of egg yolk proteins from rainbow trout Salmo gairdneri (Rich.). Comp Biochem Physiol 1988; 89B:399-407.
105. Hiramatsu N, Matsubara T, Weber GM, Sullivan CV, Hara A. Vitellogenesis in aquatic animals. Fish Sci 2002; 68:694-699.
106. Sadler JE, Shelton-Inloes BB, Sorace JM, Harlan JM, Titani K, Davie EW. Cloning and characterization of two cDNAs coding for human von Willebrand factor. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1985; 82:6394-6398.
107. Verweij CL, Diergaarde PJ, Hart M, Pannekoek H. Full-length von Willebrand factor (vWF) cDNA encodes a highly repetitive protein considerably larger than the mature vWF subunit. EMBO J 1986; 5: 1839-1847.
108. Sadler JE. Biochemistry and genetics of von Willebrand factor. Annu Rev Biochem 1998; 67:395-424.
109. Pierschbacher MD, Ruoslahti E. Cell attachment activity of fibronectin can be duplicated by small synthetic fragments of the molecule. Nature 1984; 309:30-33.
110. Pierschbacher MD, Hayman EG, Ruoslahti E. The cell attachment determinant in fibronectin. J Cell Biochem 1985; 28:115-126.
111. Michaux G, Abbitt KB, Collinson LM, Haberichter SL, Norman KE, Cutler DF. The physiological function of von Willebrand's factor depends on its tubular storage in endothelial Weibel-Palade bodies. Dev Cell 2006; 10:223-232.
112. Janel N, Ribba AS, Cherel G, Kerbiriou-Nabias D, Meyer D. Primary structure of the propeptide and factor VIII-binding domain of bovine von Willebrand factor. Biochim Biophys Acta 1997; 1339:4-8.
113. Desseyn JL, Aubert JP, Van Seuningen I, Porchet N, Laine A. Genomic Organization of the 3′ region of the human mucin gene MUC5B. J Biol Chem 1997; 272:16873-16883.
114. Gipson IK, Ho SB, Spurr-Michaud SJ, Tisdale AS, Zhan Q, Torlakovic E, Pudney J, Anderson DJ, Toribara NW, Hill JA III. Mucin genes expressed by human female reproductive tract epithelia. Biol Reprod 1997; 56:999-1011.
115. Toribara NW, Ho SB, Gum E, Gum JRJ, Lau P, Kim YS. The carboxyl-terminal sequence of the human secretory mucin, MUC6. Analysis of the primary amino acid sequence. J Biol Chem 1997; 272:16398-16403.
116. Chen C, Fang JX, Zhu J, Wu XF, Zhang ZC, Gu JX, Wang ZY, Chi CW. The gene expression of coagulation factor VIII in mammalian cell lines. Thromb Res 1999; 95:105-115.
117. Fukada H, Fujiwara Y, Takahashi T, Hiramatsu N, Sullivan CV, Hara A. Carp (Cyprinus carpio) vitellogenin: purification and development of a simultaneous chemiluminescent immunoassay. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2003; 134:615-623.
118. Hennies M, Wiesmann M, Allner B, Sauerwein H. Vitellogenin in carp (Cyprinus carpio) and perch (Perca fluviatilis): purification, characterization and development of an ELISA for the detection of estrogenic effects. Sci Total Environ 2003; 309:93-103.
119. Chen J, Anderson JB, DeWeese-Scott C, Fedorova ND, Geer LY, He S, Hurwitz DI, Jackson JD, Jacobs AR, Lanczycki CJ, Liebert CA, Liu C, et al. MMDB: Entrez's 3D-structure database. Nucleic Acids Res 2003; 31: 474-477.
120. Li A, Sadasivam M, Ding JL. Receptor-ligand interaction between vitellogenin receptor (VtgR) and vitellogenin (Vtg), implications on low density lipoprotein receptor and apolipoprotein B/E. The first three ligand-binding repeats of VtgR interact with the amino-terminal region of Vtg. J Biol Chem 2003; 278:2799-2806.