The historical roots of the "bipolar spectrum": Did Aristotle anticipate Kraepelin's broad concept of manic-depression?

Journal of Affective Disorders

Volumn 100, Issue 1-3, 2007, Pages 7-11

  Pies, Ronald ^a  

^a TUFTS UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

Author keywords

Bipolar disorder; Bipolar spectrum; Cyclothymia; Dysthymia

Indexed keywords

BIPOLAR DISORDER; CLINICAL FEATURE; DIAGNOSTIC AND STATISTICAL MANUAL OF MENTAL DISORDERS; HISTORY OF MEDICINE; HUMAN; LITERATURE; MELANCHOLIA; MOOD; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PUBLICATION; REVIEW; TEMPERAMENT;

AFFECT; BIPOLAR DISORDER; DYSTHYMIC DISORDER; GERMANY; GREEK WORLD; HISTORY, 19TH CENTURY; HISTORY, 20TH CENTURY; HISTORY, ANCIENT; HUMANS; TERMINOLOGY;

EID: 34249331989     PISSN: 01650327     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2006.08.034     Document Type: Review

References (21)

1. Akiskal H.S. Dysthymic disorder: psychopathology of proposed chronic depressive subtypes. Am. J. Psychiatry 140 (1983) 11-20
2. Akiskal H.S., and Akiskal K. Re-assessing the prevalence of bipolar disorders: clinical significance and artistic creativity. Psychiatr. Psychobiol. 3 (1988) 29s-36s
3. Akiskal H.S., Djenderedjian A.H., Rosenthal R.H., and Khani M.K. Cyclothymic disorder: validating criteria for inclusion in the bipolar affective group. Am. J. Psychiatry 134 (1977) 1227-1233
4. Akiskal H.S., Bourgeois M.L., Angst J., Post R., Moller H., and Hirschfeld R. Re-evaluating the prevalence of and diagnostic composition within the broad clinical spectrum of bipolar disorders. J. Affect. Disord. 59 Suppl. 1 (2000) S5-S30
5. American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. fourth ed (1994), American Psychiatric Press, Washington, DC DSM IV
6. Andreasen N.C. Creativity and mental illness: prevalence rates in writers and their first-degree relatives. Am. J. Psychiatry 144 (1987) 1288-1292
7. Angst J., and Marneros A. Bipolarity from ancient to modern times: conception, birth and rebirth. J. Affect. Disord. 67 (2001) 3-19
8. Ghaemi S.N., Ko J.Y., and Goodwin F.K. "Cade's disease" and beyond: misdiagnosis, antidepressant use, and a proposed definition for bipolar spectrum disorder. Can. J. Psychiatry 47 (2002) 125-134
9. Healy D. The latest mania: selling bipolar disorder. PLoS Med. 3 (2006) e185
10. Hett W.S., (Trans.), 1965. Aristotle: Problems II, Books XXII-XXXVIII. Harvard University Press/Loeb Classical Library, Cambridge, MA, pp. 155-169.
11. Hillard E.B. Manic-depressive Illness: An Information Book for Patients, Their Families and Friends (1992). http://www.mentalhealth.com/book/p40-ma01.html Accessed 5 July 2006 at http://www.mentalhealth.com/book/p40-ma01.html
12. Jamison K.R. Touched With Fire: Manic-Depressive Illness and the Artistic Temperament (1993), Free Press, New York, NY
13. Koukopoulos A. Ewald Hecker's description of cyclothymia as a cyclical mood disorder: its relevance to the modern concept of bipolar II. J. Affect. Disord. 73 (2003) 199-205
14. Kraepelin, E., 1921. Manic Depressive Insanity and Paranoia. Barclay, R.M. (Trans.), Robertson, G.M. (Ed.). Reprinted 1976, Ayer Company, Salem, NH.
15. Kretschmer, E., 1931 trans. Psychology of Men of Genius. London; Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner & Co.
16. Kretschmer E. Physique and Character: An Investigation of the Nature of Constitution and of the Theory of Temperament (1936), Kegan, Paul, Trench, Trubner and Co. Ltd, London
17. MacKinnon D., and Pies R. Affective instability as rapid cycling: theoretical and clinical implications for borderline personality and bipolar spectrum disorders. Bipolar Disord. 8 (2006) 1-14
18. McGrew R.E. Encyclopedia of Medical History (1985), MacMillan Press, London 280
19. Northwood H. The melancholic mean: the Aristotelian Problema XXX.1. Presented at: the Twentieth World Congress of Philosophy; Boston, MA; August 10-15, 1998 (1998). http://www.bu.edu/wcp/Papers/Anci/AnciNort.htm Accessed 5 July 2006 at http://www.bu.edu/wcp/Papers/Anci/AnciNort.htm
20. Pies R. Psychiatry clearly meets the "objectivity" test. Psychiatr. News 40 19 (2005) 17. http://pn.psychiatryonline.org/cgi/content/full/40/19/17-a Accessed 5 July 2006 at http://pn.psychiatryonline.org/cgi/content/full/40/19/17-a
21. Tellenbach, H., 1980. Melancholy. Eng, E., (Trans.). Duquesne University Press, Pittsburgh, PA.