Overview of law and policy challenges

Louisiana Law Review

Volumn 66, Issue SPEC. ISS., 2005, Pages 21-29

  Knoppers, Bartha Maria ^a  

^a UNIVERSITÉ DE MONTRÉAL   (Canada)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 34249309889     PISSN: 00246859     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Review

References (26)

1. Trudo Lemmens et al., Génétique et Assurance Vie: Analyse Comparative, GenEdit, March 2004, available at http://www.humgen. umontreal xa/int/GE/fr/2004-2Fr.pdf.
2. Bartha Maria Knoppers et al., A Comparative International Overview, in Genetics and Life Insurance, Medical Underwriting and Social Policy (Mark A. Rothstein ed., 2004).
3. See, e.g., Canadian General Standards Board, Voluntary Labeling and Advertising of Foods That Are and Are Not Products of Genetic Engineering, http://www.pwgsc.gc.ca/cgsb/032-025/standard-e.html; Canadian Food Inpection Agency, http://www.inspection. gc.ca/english/corpafrr/newcom/2004/20040415e. shtml; The Campaign to Label Genetically Engineered Foods, http://www. thecampaign.org/canada/index.php.
4. Schnieke I. Wilmut et al., Viable Offspring Derived from Fetal and Adult Mammalian Cells, Nature, Feb. 1997, at 810;
5. Keith H. Campbell et al., Cloning: Eight Years after Dolly, Reproduction in Domestic Animals, Aug. 2005, at 256.
6. 5' United Nations Declaration on Human Cloning, G. A. Res. 59/280, U. N. GAOR, 59th Sess., U. N. Doc. A/RES/59/280 (Mar. 23, 2005).
7. See, e.g., World Health Organization, Cloning in Human Health, Report by the Secretariat, 52d Assembly (Apr. 1999).
8. Geneviève Cardinal & Bartha Maria Knoppers, Lorsqu'en Recherché Génétique, Financement Privé ne Rime Plus Avec Santé, in Les Pratiques de Recherché Biomédicale Visitées par la Bioéthique (Chrisitan Hervé et al. eds., 2003).
9. Yann Joly, Accés Aux Médicaments: Le Système International des Brevets Empêchera-t-il les Pays du Tiers Monde de Bénéficier des Avantages de la Pharmacogénomique, Les Cahiers de Propriété Intellectuelle (2003).
10. Sabine Steimle, Critics Question BRCA2 Patent Decision in Europe, Journal of the Cancer Institute, Sept. 21, 2005, at 18.
11. Laura Eggertson, Ontario Defied U. S. Firm's Genetic Patent, Continues Cancer Screening, Canadian Medical Association Journal, Feb. 19, 2002, at 166.
12. T. Caulfield et al., Genetic Technologies, Health Care Policy and the Patent Bargain, Clinical Genetics, Jan. 2003, at 15;
13. Richard Gold et al., Gene Patents and the Standard of Care, Canadian Medical Association Journal, Aug. 6, 2002, at 167;
14. Jinisi Paradise, European Opposition to Exclusive Control over Predictive Breast Cancer Testing and the Inherent Implications for United States Patent Law and Public Policy: A Case Study of the Myriad Genetics' BRCA Patent Controversy, 59 Food and Drug L. J. 133 (2004).
15. The Human Genome Organisation, http://www.hugo-international.org/ committee-ethics.htm.
16. The Federal Bureau of Investigation in the United States operates the Combined DNA Index System, which is available at http://www.fbi.gov/hq/lab/ codis/indexl.htm; The Royal Canadian Mounted Police operates the National DNA Databank, which is available at http://www.rcmp. ca/security/index-e.htm.
17. See also Donald Crosby, Protection of Genetic Information: An International Comparison (2000).
18. See generally Genetic Secrets: Protecting Privacy and Confidentiality in the Genetic Era (Mark A. Rothstein ed., 1997);
19. Genetic Ethics: Do the Ends Justify the Genes? (John F. Kilner et al. eds., 1997).
20. See, e.g., World Health Organization, Genetic Databases: Assessing the Benefits and the Impact on Human & Patient Rights (2003);
21. World Medical Association, Declaration of Helsinki (2002), available at http://www.wma.net/e/policy/b3.htm;
22. U. N. Education, Scientific, & Cultural Organization [UNESCO], International Declaration on Human Genetic Data, Art. 1 (a) (Oct. 16, 2003).
23. Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996, Pub. L. No. 104-91, 110 Stat. 1936.
24. The Wellcome Trust, Medical Research Council and Department of Health, U. K. Biobank Ethics and Governance Framework, http://www.ukbiobank.ac.uk/docs/ egf-comment-version. doc.
25. Bartha Maria Knoppers & Madelaine Saginur, The Babel of Genetic Data Terminology, Nature Biotechnology, Aug. 1, 2005, at 925.
26. D. W. Nebert et al., Pharmacogenomics and "Individualized Drug Therapy": High Expectations and Disappointing Achievements, 3 Am. J. Pharmacogenomics 361, 370 (2003).