Acute cervical traumatic spinal cord injury: MR imaging findings correlated with neurologic outcome - Prospective study with 100 consecutive patients

Radiology

Volumn 243, Issue 3, 2007, Pages 820-827

  Miyanji, Firoz ^a,b   Furlan, Julio C ^a,b   Aarabi, Bizhan ^c   Arnold, Paul M ^d   Fehlings, Michael G ^a,b  

^a TORONTO WESTERN HOSPITAL   (Canada)

^b UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO   (Canada)

^c UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^d UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AGED; AMERICAN SPINAL INJURY ASSOCIATION MOTOR SCORE; ARTICLE; CERVICAL SPINAL CORD INJURY; CORRELATION ANALYSIS; EDEMA; FEMALE; FOLLOW UP; HUMAN; INJURY SEVERITY; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MOTOR PERFORMANCE; NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; OUTCOME ASSESSMENT; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROGNOSIS; PROSPECTIVE STUDY; QUALITATIVE DIAGNOSIS; QUANTITATIVE DIAGNOSIS; RADIOLOGICAL PARAMETERS; RATING SCALE; SPINAL CORD COMPRESSION; SPINAL CORD DISEASE; SPINAL CORD HEMORRHAGE; SPINAL CORD SWELLING; STATISTICAL PARAMETERS; VERTEBRAL CANAL STENOSIS;

ACUTE DISEASE; ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AGED; AGED, 80 AND OVER; CERVICAL VERTEBRAE; FEMALE; HUMANS; MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; NERVOUS SYSTEM DISEASES; PROGNOSIS; PROSPECTIVE STUDIES; REPRODUCIBILITY OF RESULTS; RISK ASSESSMENT; RISK FACTORS; SENSITIVITY AND SPECIFICITY; SPINAL CORD INJURIES; STATISTICS;

EID: 34249080402     PISSN: 00338419     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1148/radiol.2433060583     Document Type: Article

References (44)

1. Bondurant FJ, Cotler HB, Kulkarni MV, MrArdle CB, Harris JH Jr. Acute spinal cord injury: a study using physical examination and magnetic resonance imaging. Spine 1990;15(3):161-168.
2. Flanders AF, Schaefer DM, Doan HT, Mish-kin MM, Gonzalez CF, Northrup BE. Acute cervical spine trauma: correlation of MR imaging findings with degree of neurologic deficit. Radiology 1990;177(1):25-33.
3. Marciello MA, Flanders AE, Herhison GJ, Schaefer DM, Friedman DP, Lane JI. Magnetic resonance imaging related to neurologic outcome in cervical spinal cord injury. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1993;74(9):940-946.
4. O'Beirne I, Cassidy N, Raza K, Walsh M, Stack J, Murray P. Role of magnetic resonance imaging in the assessment of spinal injuries. Injury 1993;24(3):149-154.
5. Ramon S. Doininguez R, Ramirez L, et al. Clinical and magnetic resonance imaging correlation in acute spinal cord injury. Spinal Cord 1997;35(10):664-673.
6. Schaefer DM, Flanders A, Northrup BE, Doan HT, Osterholm JL. Magnetic resonance imaging of acute cervical spine trauma: correlation with severity of neurologic injury. Spine 1989;14(10):1090-1095.
7. Schaefer DM, Flanders AE, Osterholm JL, Northrup BE. Prognostic significance of magnetic resonance imaging in the acute phase of cervical spine injury. J Neurosurg 1992;76(2):218-223.
8. Shimada K, Tokioka T. Sequential MR studies of cervical cord injury: correlation with neurological damage and clinical outcome. Spinal Cord 1999;37(6):410-415.
9. Goldberg AL, Rothfus WE, Deeb ZL, et al. The impact of magnetic resonance on the diagnostic evaluation of acute cervicothoracie spinal trauma. Skeletal Radiol 1988;17(2):89-95.
10. Hackney DB, Asato R, Joseph PM, et al. Hemorrhage and edema in acute spinal cord compression: demonstration by MR imaging. Radiology 1986;161(2):387-390.
11. Kalfas I, Wilberger J, Goldberg A, Prostko ER. Magnetic resonance imaging in acute spinal cord trauma. Neurosurgery 1988;23(3):295-299.
12. Kulkarni MV, McArdle CB, Kopanicky D, et al. Acute spinal cord injury: MK imaging at 1.5 T. Radiology 1987;164(3):837-843.
13. Mascalchi M, Dal Pozzo C, Dini C, et al. Acute spinal trauma: prognostic value of MRI appearances at 0.5 T. Clin Radiol 1993;48(2):100-108.
14. Tarr RW, Drolshagen LF, Kerner TC, Allen JH, Partain CL, James AE Jr. MR imaging of recent spinal trauma. J Comput Assist Tomogr 1987;11(3):412-417.
15. Kang JD, Figgie MP, Bohlman HH. Sagittal measurements of the cervical spine in subaxial fractures and dislocations: an analysis of two hundred and eighty-eight patients with and without neurological deficits. J Bone Joint Surg Am 1994;76(11):1617-1628.
16. Hayashi K, Yone K, Ito H, Yanase M, Sakou T. MRI findings in patients with a cervical spinal cord injury who do not show radiographic evidence of a fracture or dislocation. Paraplegia 1995;33(4):212-215.
17. Keiper MD, Zimmerman RA, Bilaniuk IT. MRI in the assessment of the supportive soft tissues of the cervical spine in acute trauma in children. Neuroradiology 1998;40(6):359-363.
18. Kliewer MA, Gray L, Paver J, et al. Acute spinal ligament disruption: MR imaging with anatomic correlation. J Magn Reson Imaging 1993;3(6):855-861.
19. Rao SC, Foldings MG. The optimal radiologic method for assessing spinal canal compromise and cord compression in patients with cervical spinal cord injury. I. An evidence-based analysis of the published literature. Spine 1999;24(6):598-604.
20. Foldings MG, Rao SC, Tator CH, et al. The optimal radiologic method for assessing spinal canal compromise and cord compression in patients with cervical spinal cord injury. II. Results of a multicenter study. Spine 1999;24(6):605-613.
21. Fehlings MG, Furlan JC, Massicotte EM, et al. Interobserver and intraobserver reliability of maximum canal compromise and spinal cord compression for evaluation of acute traumatic cervical spinal cord injury. Spine 2006;31(15):1719-1725.
22. Chakeres DW, Flickinger F, Bresnahan JC, et al. MR imaging of acute spinal cord trauma. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 1987;8(1):5-10.
23. Ragnarsson KT, Witermser LA, Cardenas DD, Marino RJ. Spinal cord injury clinical trials for neurologic restoration: improving care through clinical research. Ant J Phys Med Rehabil 2005;84(11 suppl):S77-S97.
24. Mulcahey MI, Gaughan J. Preliminary evaluation of repeatability of the ASIA motor and sensory examination in children and youth [abstr]. J Spinal Cord Med 2005;28(2):161.
25. Marino RJ, Jones L, Kirshbhun S, Tal J. Reliability of the ASIA motor and sensory examination [abstr]. J Spinal Cord Med 2004;27(2):194.
26. Marino RJ, Ditunno JF Jr, Donovan WH, Maynard F Jr. Neurologic recovery after traumatic spinal cord injury: data from the Model Spinal Cord Injury Systems. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1999;80(11):1391-1396.
27. Maynard FM Jr, Bracken MB, Creasey G, et al. International standards for neurological and functional classification of spinal cord injury: American Spinal Injury Association. Spinal Cord 1997;35(5):266-274.
28. Takahashi M, Harada Y, Inoue H, Shimada K. Traumatic cervical cord injury at C3-4 without radiographic abnormalities: correlation of magnetic resonance findings with clinical features and outcome. J Orthop Surg (Hong Kong) 2002;10(2):129-135.
29. Glantz SA, Slinker BK. Primer of applied regression and analysis of variance. 2nd ed. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Medical, 2000.
30. Tabachnick BG, Fidell LS. Using multivariate statistics. 4th ed. Boston, Mass: Allyn & Bacon, 2000.
31. Yamazaki T, Yanaka K, Fujita K, Kamezaki T, Uemura K, Nose T. Traumatic central cord syndrome: analysis of factors affecting the outcome. Surg Neurol 2005;63(2):91-99.
32. Tewari MK, Gilti DS, Singh P, et al. Diagnosis and prognostication of adult spinal cord injury without radiographic abnormality using magnetic resonance imaging: analysis of 40 patients. Surg Neurol 2005;63(3):204-209.
33. Ishida Y, Tominaga T. Predictors of neurologic recovery in acute central cervical cord injury with only upper extremity impairment. Spine 2002;27(15):1652-1658.
34. Liao CC, Lui TN, Chen LR, Clntang CC, Huang YC. Spinal cord injury without radiological abnormality in preschool-aged children: correlation of magnetic resonance imaging findings with neurological outcomes. J Neurosurg 2005;103(1 suppl): 17-23.
35. Lucas JT, Ducker TB. Motor classification of spinal cord injuries with mobility, morbidity and recovery indices. Am Surg 1979;45(3):151-158.
36. McAfee PC, Bohlman HH, Han JS, Salvagno RT. Comparison of nuclear magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography in the diagnosis of upper cervical spinal cord compression. Spine 1986;11(4):295-304.
37. Folman Y, el Masri W. Spinal cord injury: prognostic indicators. Injury 1989:20(2):92-93.
38. Ikata T, Iwasa K, Morimoto K, Tonai T, Taoka Y. Clinical considerations and biochemical basis of prognosis of cervical spinal cord injury. Spine 1989;14(10):1096-1101.
39. Walker MD. Acute spinal-cord injury. N Engl J Med 1991;324(26): 1885-1887.
40. Fehlings MG, Sekhon LH, Tator C. The role and timing of decompression in acute spinal cord injury: what do we know? what should we do? Spine 2001:26(24 suppl):S101-S110.
41. Arfanakis K, Haughton VM, Carew JD, Rogers BP, Dempsey RJ, Meyerand ME. Diffusion tensor MR imaging in diffuse axonal injury. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2002;23(5):794-802.
42. Huisman TA. Diffusion-weighted imaging: basic concepts and application in cerebral stroke and head trauma. Eur Radiol 2003;13(10):2283-2297.
43. Bracken MB, Shepard MJ, Holford TR, et al. Administration of methylprednisolone for 24 or 48 hours or tirilazad mesylate for 48 hours in the treatment of acute spinal cord injury: results of the Third National Acute Spinal Cord Injury Randomized Controlled Trial - National Acute Spinal Cord Injury Study. JAMA 1997;277(20): 1597-1604.
44. Geisler FH, Coleman WP, Grieco G, Poonian D. Recruitment and early treatment in a multicenter study of acute spinal cord injury. Spine 2001;26(24 suppl):S58-S67.