End-to-side nerve repair in peripheral nerve injury

Journal of Neurotrauma

Volumn 24, Issue 5, 2007, Pages 909-916

  Beris, Alexandros ^a,b   Lykissas, Marios ^a   Korompilias, Anastasios ^a   Mitsionis, Grigorios ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF IOANNINA   (Greece)

^b UNIVERSITY OF IOANNINA   (Greece)

Author keywords

Collateral sprouting; End to side neurorrhaphy; Nerve regeneration; Peripheral nerve injury

Indexed keywords

CLINICAL PRACTICE; HUMAN; NERVE FIBER; NERVE FUNCTION; NERVE REGENERATION; NERVE SPROUTING; PERIPHERAL NERVE INJURY; REVIEW; SURGICAL TECHNIQUE;

ANIMALS; GROWTH CONES; HUMANS; NERVE GROWTH FACTORS; NERVE REGENERATION; NEUROSURGICAL PROCEDURES; PERIPHERAL NERVES; PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DISEASES; RECOVERY OF FUNCTION; SUTURE TECHNIQUES;

EID: 34249045989     PISSN: 08977151     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1089/neu.2006.0165     Document Type: Review

References (72)

1. ADELSON, P.D., BONAROTI, E.A., THOMPSON, T.P., TRAN, M., and NYSTROM, N.A. (2004). End-to-side neurorrhaphies in a rodent model of peripheral nerve injury: a preliminary report of a novel technique. J. Neurosurg. 101, 78-84.
2. AKEDA, K., HIRATA, H., MATSUMOTO, M., et al. (2006). Regenerating axons emerge far proximal to the coaptation site in end-to-side nerve coaptation without a perineurial window using a T-shaped chamber. Plast. Reconstr. Surg. 117, 1194-1203.
3. AL-QATTAN, M.M. (2000). Prevention and treatment of painful neuromas of the superficial radial nerve by the end-to-side nerve repair concept: an experimental study and preliminary clinical experience. Microsurgery 20, 99-104.
4. AL-QATTAN, M.M., and AL-THUNYAN, A. (1998). Variables affecting axonal regeneration following end-to-side neurorraphy. Br. J. Plast. Surg. 51, 238-242.
5. AMR, S.M., and MOHARRAM, A.N. (2005). Repair of brachial plexus lesions by end-to-side side-to-side grafting neurorrhaphy: experience based on 11 cases. Microsurgery 25, 126-146.
6. ASZMANN, O.C., KORAK, K.J., RAB, M., GRÜNBECK, M., LASSMANN, H., and FREY, M. (2003). Neuroma prevention by end-to-side neurorrhaphy: an experimental study in rats. J. Hand Surg. Am. 28A, 1022-1028.
7. BAJROVIC[a], F., KOVAC[breve]IC[breve], U., PAVC[breve]NIK, M., and SKETELJ, J. (2002). Interneuronal signaling is involved in induction of collateral sprouting of nociceptive axons. Neuroscience 111, 587-596.
8. BALANCE, C.A., BALANCE, H.A., and STEWART, P. (1903). Remarks on the operative treatment of chronic facial palsy of the peripheral origin. Br. J. Med. 2, 1009-1013.
9. BATTAL, M.N., HATA, Y., MATSUKA, K., ITO, O., and MATSUDA, H. (1996). Cross-facial nerve grafting by end-to-side neurorrhaphy with or without removal of the epineurium in rats. J. Jpn. Plast. Reconstr. Surg. 16, 641-647.
10. BATTISTON, B., TOS, P., GEUNA, S., GIACOBINI-ROBECCHI, M.G., and GUGLIELMONE, R. (2000). Nerve repair by means of vein filled with muscle grafts. II. Morphological analysis of regeneration. Microsurgery 20, 37-41.
11. BERTELLI, J.A., DOS SANTOS, A.R., and CALIXTO, J.B. (1996). Is axonal sprouting able to traverse the conjunctival layers of the peripheral nerve? A behavioral, motor, and sensory study of end-to-side nerve anastomosis. J. Reconstr. Microsurg. 12, 559-563.
12. BUEHLER, M.I., SEABER, A.V., and URBANIAK, J.R. (1990). The relationship of functional return to varying methods of nerve repair. J. Reconstr. Microsurg. 6, 61-69.
13. CAO, X., TAMAI, M., KIZAKI, K., et al. (1999). Cholin acetyl transferase activity in collateral sprouting of peripheral nerve after surgical intervention: experimental study in rats. J. Reconstr. Microsurg. 15, 443-448.
14. CAPLAN, J., TIANGCO, D.A., and TERZIS, J.K. (1999). Effect of IGF-II in a new end-to-side model. J. Reconstr. Microsurg. 15, 351-358.
15. CARONI, P., and GRAMDES, P. (1990). Nerve sprouting in innervated adult skeletal muscle induced by exposure to elevated levels of insulin-like growth factors. J. Cell Biol. 110, 1307-1317.
16. DELLON, A.L. (1990). Wound healing in nerve. Clin. Plast. Surg. 17, 545-570.
17. EDDS, M.V. (1953). Collateral nerve regeneration. Q. Res. Biol. 28, 260-276.
18. ENGLISH, A.W. (2005). Enhancing axon regeneration in peripheral nerves also increases functionally inappropriate reinnervation of targets. J. Comp. Neurol. 490, 427-441.
19. FORTES, W., NOAH, E., LIUZZI, F., and TERZIS, J. (1999). End-to-side neurorrhaphy: evaluation of axonal response and upregulation of IGF-1 and IGF-II in a non-injury model. J. Reconstr. Microsurg. 15, 449-457.
20. GURNEY, M.E., YAMAMOTO, H., and KWON, Y. (1992). Induction of motor neuron sprouting in vivo by ciliary neurotrophic factor and basic fibroblast growth factor. J. Neurosci. 12, 3241-3247.
21. HAGG, T., QUON, D., HIGAKI, J., and VARON, S. (1992). Ciliary neurotrophic factor prevents neuronal degeneration and promotes low affinity NGF receptor expression in the adult rat CNS. Neuron 8, 145-158.
22. HARRIS, W., and LOW, V.W. (1903). On the importance of accurate muscular analysis in lesions of the brachial plexus and the treatment of Erb's palsy and infantile paralysis of the upper extremity by cross-union of the nerve roots. Br. Med. J. 2, 1035.
23. HAYASHI, A., YANAI, A., KOMURO, Y., NISHIDA, M., INOUE, M., and SEKI, T. (2004). Collateral sprouting occurs following end-to-side neurorrhaphy. Plast. Reconstr. Surg. 114, 129-137.
24. HEUMANN, R., KORSCHING, S., BANDTLOW, C., and THOENEN, H. (1987). Changes of nerve growth factor synthesis in non-neuronal cells in response to sciatic nerve transection. J. Cell Biol. 104, 1623-1631.
25. HIRATA, H., HIBASAMI, H., HINENO, T., et al. (1995). Role of ornithine decarboxylase in proliferation of Schwann cells during Wallerian degeneration and its nerve expansion. Muscle Nerve 18, 1341-1343.
26. HOFFMAN, H.L. (1950). Local reinnervation in the partial-denervated muscle: a histo-physiological study. Aust. J. Exp. Bio. Med. Sci. 28, 383-397.
27. HOFFMAN, P. (1989). Expression of GAP-43, a rapidly transported growth-associated protein, and class II beta tubulin, a slowly transported cytoskeletal protein, are coordinated in regenerating neurons. J. Neurosci. 9, 893-897.
28. HOPKINS, W.G., and SLACK, J.R. (1981). The sequential development of nodal sprouts in mouse muscles in response to nerve degeneration. J. Neurocytol. 10, 537-556.
29. ISAACSON, L.G., SAFFRAN, B.N., and CRUTCHER, K.A. (1992). Nerve growth factor-induced sprouting of mature, un-injured sympathetic axons. J. Comp. Neurol. 326, 327-336.
30. LEE, S.E., SHEN, H., TAGLIALATELA, G., CHUNG, J.M., and CHUNG, K. (1998). Expression of nerve growth factor in the dorsal root ganglion after peripheral nerve injury. Brain Res. 796, 99-106.
31. LIUZZI, F.J., and TEDESCHI, B. (1991). Peripheral nerve regeneration. Neurosurg. Clin. North Am. 2, 31-42.
32. LUNDBORG, G. (2005). Nerve Injury and Repair. Churchill Livingstone: Edinburgh, UK.
33. LUNDBORG, G., ZHAO, Q., KANJE, M., DANIELSEN, N.. and KERNS, J.M. (1994). Can sensory and motor collateral sprouting be induced from intact peripheral nerve by end-to-side anastomosis? J. Hand Surg. Br. 19B, 227-282.
34. LUO, Y., WANG, T., and FANG, H. (1997). Preliminary investigation of treatment of ulnar nerve defect by end-to-side neurorrhaphy. Chung Kuo Hsiu Fu Chung Chien Wai Ko Tsa Chih 11, 338-339.
35. LUTZ, B.S., CHUANG, C.C., HSU, J.-C., MA, S.-F., and WEI, F.C. (2000). Selection of donor nerves-an important factor in end-to-side neurorrhaphy. Br. J. Plast. Surg. 53, 149-154.
36. MATSUDA, H., HATA, Y., MATSUKA, K., ITO, O., and BATTAL, N.M. (1995). Experimental study of nerve regeneration in end-to-side nerve coaptation. J. Jpn. Plast. Reconstr. Surg. 15, 910-918.
37. MATSUMOTO, M., HIRATA, H., NISHIYAMA, M., MORITA, A., SASAKI, H., and UCHIDA, A. (1999). Schwann cells can induce collateral sprouting intact axons: experimental study of end-to-side neurorrhaphy using a Y-chamber model. J. Reconstr. Microsurg. 15, 281-286.
38. MCCALLISTER, W.V., TANG, P.. and TRUMBLE, T.E. (1999). Is end-to-side neurorrhaphy effective? A study of axonal sprouting stimulated from intact nerves. J. Reconstr. Microsurg. 15, 597-603.
39. MCCALLISTER, W.V., TANG, P., SMITH, J., and TRUMBLE, T.E. (2001). Axonal regeneration stimulated by combination of nerve growth factor and ciliary neurotrophic factor in an end-to-side model. J. Hand Surg. 26A, 478-488.
40. MENNEN, U. (2003). End-to-side nerve suture in clinical practice. Hand Surg. 8, 33-42.
41. MIRSKY, R. and JESSEN, K.R. (1999). The neurobiology of Schwann cells. Brain Pathol. 9, 293-311.
42. NOAH, E.M., WILLIAMS, A., JORGENSON, C., SKOULIS, T.G., and TERZIS, J.K. (1997). End-to-side neurorraphy: a histologic and morphometric study of axonal sprouting into an end-to-side nerve graft. J. Reconstr. Microsurg. 12, 99-106.
43. ÖZBEK, S., ÖZCAN, M., NOYAN, B., et al. (2005). End-to-side nerve coaptation. Is an additional proximal coaptation useful when available? Ann. Plast. Surg. 55, 281-288.
44. PELISSIER, P., RIAHI, R., CASOLI, V., MARTIN, D., and BAUDET, J. (2001). Les anastomoses nerveuses terminolatérales. Rapport clinique préliminaire à propos de dix cas. Ann. Chir. Plast. Esthet. 46, 129-133.
45. ROVAK, J.M., CEDERNA, P.S., and KUZON, W.M. (2001). Terminolateral neurorrhaphy: a review of the literature. J. Reconstr. Microsurg. 17, 615-624.
46. SAHENK, Z., SEHARASEYON, J., and MENDELL, J.R. (1994). CNTF potentiates peripheral nerve regeneration. Brain Res. 655, 246-250.
47. SCHERER, S., XU, Y., ROLING, D., WRABETZ, L., FELTRI, M., and KAMHOLZ, J. (1994). Expression of growth-associated protein-43 kD in Schwann cell is regulated by axon-Schwann cell interactions and cAMP. J. Neurosci. Res. 38, 575-589.
48. SLACK, J.R., HOPKINS, W.G., and WILLIAMS, M.N. (1979). Nerve sheaths and motoneurone collateral sprouting. Nature 282, 506-507.
49. SMITH, M., RABINOVSKY, E.D., MCMANAMAN, J.L., and SHINE, H.D. (1993). Temporal and spatial expression of ciliary neurotrophic factor after peripheral nerve injury. Exp. Neurol. 121, 239-247.
50. TARASIDIS, G., WATANABE, O., MACKINNON, S.E., STRASBERG, S.R., HAUGHEY, B.H., and HUNTER, D.A. (1997). End-to-side neurorrhaphy resulting in limited sensory axonal regeneration in a rat model. Ann. Otol. Rhinol. Laryngol. 106, 506-512.
51. TARIGOE, K., TANAKA, H.G., TAKAHASHI, A., and HASHIMOTO, K. (1997). Rearly growth of regenerating neuntes in acylamide neuropathic mice: application of a film model. Brain Res. 746, 269-274.
52. TERZIS, J.K., and SMITH, K.L. (1990). Repair and grafting of the peripheral nerves, in: Plastic Surgery. J.G. McCarty (ed), Saunders: Philadelphia, pps. 630-697.
53. THAM, S.K., and MORISSON, W.A. (1998). Motor collateral sprouting through an end-to-side nerve repair. J. Hand Surg. Am. 23A, 844-851.
54. TIANGCO, D., PAPAKONSTANTINOU, K.C., MULLINAX, K.A., and TERZIS, J.K. (2001). IGF-I and end-to-side nerve repair: a dose response study. J. Reconstr. Microsurg. 17, 247-256.
55. ÜLKÜR, E., YÜKSEL, F., ACIKEL, C., OKAR, I., and CELIKÖZ, B. (2003). Comparison of functional results of nerve graft, vein graft, and vein filled with muscle graft in end-to-side neurorrhaphy. Microsurgery 23, 40-48.
56. VITERBO, F. (1993). A new method for treatment of facial palsy: the cross-face nerve transplantation with end-to-side neurorrhaphy. Rev. Soc. Bras. Cir. Plast. Estet. Reconstr. 8, 85.
57. VITERBO, F., TRINDADE, J.C., HOSHINO, K., and MAZZONI NETO, A. (1992). Latero-terminal neurorrhaphy without removal of the epineural sheath: experimental study in rats. Rev. Paul. Med. 110, 267-275.
58. VITERBO, F., PALHARES, A., and FRANCIOSI, L.F. (1994a). Restoration of sensitivity after removal of the sural nerve. A new application of latero-terminal neurorrhaphy. Rev. Paul. Med. 12, 658-660.
59. VITERBO, F., TRINDADE, J.C., HOSHINO, K., and MAZZONI NETO, A. (1994b). End-to-side neurorrhaphy with removal of the epineural sheath: an experimental study in rats. Plast. Reconstr. Surg. 94, 1038-1047.
60. VITERBO, F., TRINDADE, J.C., HOSHINO, K., and MAZZONI NETO, A. (1994c). Two end-to-side neurorrhaphies and nerve graft with removal of the epineural sheath: experimental study in rats. Br. J. Plast. Surg. 47, 75-80.
61. VITERBO, F., TRINDADE, J.C., HOSHINO, K., and MAZZONI NETO, A. (1994d). End-to-side neurorrhaphy with removal of the epineurial sheath: An experimental study in rats. Plast. Reconstr. Surg. 94, 1038-1047.
62. VITERBO, F., FRANCIOSI, L., and PALHARES, A. (1995). Nerve grafting and end-to-side neurorrhaphies connecting the phrenic nerve to the brachial plexus. Plast. Reconstr. Surg. 96, 494-495.
63. VOCHE, P., and OUATTARA, D. (2005). End-to-side neurorrhaphy for defects of palmar sensory digital nerves. Br. J. Plast. Surg. 58, 239-244.
64. YAMAUCHI, T., MAEDA, M., TAMAI, S., et al. (2000). Collateral sprouting mechanism after end-to-side nerve repair in the rat. Med. Electron. Microsc. 33, 151-156.
65. YAN, J.G., MATLOUB, H.S., SANGER, J.R., ZHANG, L.L., RILEY, D.A., and JARADEH, S.S. (2002). A modified end-to-side method for peripheral nerve repair: large epineurial window helicoids technique versus small epineurial window standard end-to-side technique. J. Hand Surg. 27A, 484-492.
66. YÜKSEL, F., PEKER, F., and CELIKÖZ, B. (2004). Two applications of end-to-side nerve neurorrhaphy in severe upper-extremity nerve injuries. Microsurgery 24, 363-368.
67. ZHANG, Z., SOUCACOS, P.N., BO, J., and BERIS, A.E. (1999). Evaluation of collateral sprouting after end-to-side nerve coaptation using a fluorescent double-labeling technique. Microsurgery 19, 281-286.
68. ZHANG, Z., JOHNSON, E.O., VEKRIS, M.D., et al. (2006). Long-term evaluation of rabbit peripheral nerve repair with end-to-side neurorrhaphy in rabbits. Microsurgery 26, 245-252.
69. ZHAO, J., CHEN, Z., and CHEN, T. (1997). Nerve regeneration after terminolateral neurorraphy: experimental study in rats. J. Reconstr. Microsurg. 13, 31-37.
70. ZHONG, W., ZAHEER, A., and LIM, R. (1994). Ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) enhances the effects of nerve growth factor on PC12 cells. Brain Res. 661, 56-62.
71. ZHOU, X.-F., DENG, Y.S., CHIE, E., et al. (1999). Satellite-cell-derived nerve growth factor and neurotrophin-3 are involved in noradrenergic sprouting in the dorsal root ganglia following peripheral nerve injury in the rat. Eur. J. Neurosci. 11, 1711-1722.
72. ZUO, J., NEUBAUER, D., DYESS, K., FERGUSON, T.A., and MUIR, D. (1998). Degradation of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan enhances the neurite-promoting potential of spinal cord tissue. Exp. Neurol. 154, 654-662.