Keys to successful management of patients with allergic rhinitis: Focus on patient confidence, compliance, and satisfaction

Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery

Volumn 136, Issue 6 SUPPL., 2007, Pages

  Marple, Bradley F ^a   Fornadley, John A ^b   Patel, Alpen A ^c   Fineman, Stanley M ^d   Fromer, Leonard ^e   Krouse, John H ^f   Lanier, Bobby Q ^g   Penna, Peter ^h  

^a UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS SOUTHWESTERN MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

^b Associated Otolaryngologists of Pennsylvania   (United States)

^c EMORY UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^d EMORY UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^e UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^f WAYNE STATE UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^g University of North Texas Health Science Center   (United States)

^h Formulary Resources LLC   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANTIHISTAMINIC AGENT; AZELASTINE; BECLOMETASONE DIPROPIONATE; CETIRIZINE; CHOLINERGIC RECEPTOR BLOCKING AGENT; CICLESONIDE; CORTICOSTEROID; CROMOGLYCATE DISODIUM; DECONGESTIVE AGENT; DESLORATADINE; FEXOFENADINE; IMMUNOGLOBULIN E ANTIBODY; IPRATROPIUM BROMIDE; LEUKOTRIENE RECEPTOR BLOCKING AGENT; LORATADINE; METHYLPREDNISOLONE; MONTELUKAST; OLOPATADINE; OXYMETAZOLINE; PHENYLEPHRINE; PHENYLPROPANOLAMINE; PLACEBO; PREDNISOLONE; PSEUDOEPHEDRINE; XYLOMETAZOLINE;

ALLERGIC RHINITIS; ARTICLE; BITTER TASTE; BLURRED VISION; CLINICAL FEATURE; CLINICAL TRIAL; COGNITIVE DEFECT; COMORBIDITY; CONSTIPATION; DISEASE EXACERBATION; DIZZINESS; DRUG DOSAGE FORM COMPARISON; EYE DISCOMFORT; FATIGUE; GROWTH INHIBITION; HEALTH CARE DELIVERY; HEALTH CARE PERSONNEL; HEALTH SURVEY; HEART ARRHYTHMIA; HEART MUSCLE EXCITABILITY; HEART PALPITATION; HUMAN; HYPERTENSION; INFLAMMATION; INSOMNIA; MEDICAL LITERATURE; MEDICAL RESEARCH; NASAL PRURITUS; NERVOUSNESS; NOSE CONGESTION; NOSE SEPTUM PERFORATION; PATIENT COMPLIANCE; PATIENT SATISFACTION; PSYCHOMOTOR DISORDER; QUALITY OF LIFE; RESTLESSNESS; RHINORRHEA; SEDATION; SIDE EFFECT; SNEEZING; TACHYCARDIA; UNITED STATES; URINE RETENTION; XEROSTOMIA;

ADRENAL CORTEX HORMONES; ALLERGENS; ANTI-ALLERGIC AGENTS; ATTITUDE TO HEALTH; CHOLINERGIC ANTAGONISTS; HEALTH CARE COSTS; HEALTH KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDES, PRACTICE; HISTAMINE H1 ANTAGONISTS; HUMANS; IMMUNOTHERAPY; LEUKOTRIENE ANTAGONISTS; NASAL DECONGESTANTS; NEEDS ASSESSMENT; PATIENT COMPLIANCE; PATIENT SATISFACTION; PHYSICIAN-PATIENT RELATIONS; POLYPHARMACY; QUALITY OF LIFE; RESPIRATORY TRACT DISEASES; RHINITIS, ALLERGIC, SEASONAL; SELF CONCEPT; SELF MEDICATION; UNITED STATES;

EID: 34248998743     PISSN: 01945998     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.otohns.2007.02.031     Document Type: Article

References (129)

1. Asthma and Allergy Foundation of America (AAFA) Consumer Survey, 2005. www.aafa.org/display.cfm?id=7&sub=92&cont=529.
2. Skoner D.P. Allergic rhinitis: definition, epidemiology, pathophysiology, detection, and diagnosis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 108 1 suppl (2001) S2-S8
3. Storms W.W. Rethinking our approach to allergic rhinitis management. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 88 4 Suppl 1 (2002) 30-35
4. Walls R.S., Heddle R.J., Tang M.L., et al. Optimising the management of allergic rhinitis: an Australian perspective. Med J Aust 182 (2005) 28-33
5. American College of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology. Advice From Your Allergist: Rhinitis. http://www.acaai.org/public/advice/rhin.htm.
6. Dykewicz M.S., Fineman S., Skoner D.P., et al. Diagnosis and management of rhinitis: complete guidelines of the Joint Task Force on Practice Parameters in Allergy, Asthma and Immunology. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 81 (1998) 478-518
7. Gallup Study of Allergies 2005 (Phase II Report). http://multisponsorsurveys.com.
8. Strachan D., Sibbald B., Weiland S., et al. Worldwide variations in prevalence of symptoms of allergic rhinoconjunctivitis in children: the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC). Pediatr Allergy Immunol 8 (1997) 161-176
9. Linneberg A., Jorgensen T., Nielsen N.H., et al. The prevalence of skin-test-positive allergic rhinitis in Danish adults: two cross-sectional surveys 8 years apart. The Copenhagen Allergy Study. Allergy 55 (2000) 767-772
10. Spector S.L. Overview of comorbid associations of allergic rhinitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 99 (1997) S773-S780
11. Savolainen S. Allergy in patients with acute maxillary sinusitis. Allergy 44 (1989) 116-122
12. Karlsson G., and Holmberg K. Does allergic rhinitis predispose to sinusitis?. Acta Otolaryngol 515 suppl (1994) 26-28
13. The American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology. Allergy Report (2000). http://www.theallergyreport.com/reportindex.html http://www.theallergyreport.com/reportindex.html.
14. Guerra S., Sherrill D.L., Martinez F.D., et al. Rhinitis as an independent risk factor for adult-onset asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 109 (2002) 419-425
15. Grant J.A., Nicodemus C.F., Findlay S.R., et al. Cetirizine in patients with seasonal rhinitis and concomitant asthma: prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. J Allergy Clin Immunol 95 (1995) 923-932
16. Corren J., Harris A., Aaronson D., et al. Efficacy and safety of loratadine plus pseudoephedrine in patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis and mild asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 100 (1997) 781-788
17. Canonica G.W. Introduction to nasal and pulmonary allergy cascade. Allergy 57 suppl 75 (2002) 8-12
18. Ferguson B.J. Influences of allergic rhinitis on sleep. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 130 (2004) 617-629
19. Meltzer E.O., Nathan R.A., Selner J.C., et al. Quality of life and rhinitic symptoms: results of a nationwide survey with the SF-36 and RQLQ questionnaires. J Allergy Clin Immunol 99 suppl (1997) S815-S819
20. Bousquet J., Bullinger M., Fayol C., et al. Assessment of quality of life in patients with perennial allergic rhinitis with the French version of the SF-36 Health Status Questionnaire. J Allergy Clin Immunol 94 (1994) 182-188
21. Vuurman E.F., van Veggel L.M., Uiterwijk M.M., et al. Seasonal allergic rhinitis and antihistamine effects on children's learning. Ann Allergy 71 (1993) 121-126
22. Marshall P.S., O'Hara C., and Steinberg P. Effects of seasonal allergic rhinitis on selected cognitive abilities. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 84 (2000) 403-410
23. Fineman S.M. The burden of allergic rhinitis: beyond dollars and cents. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 88 4 suppl 1 (2002) 2-7
24. Borres M.P., Brakenhielm G., and Irander K. How many teenagers think they have allergic rhinoconjunctivitis and what they do about it. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 78 (1997) 29-34
25. Tanner L.A., Reilly M., Meltzer E.O., et al. Effect of fexofenadine HCl on quality of life and work, classroom, and daily activity impairment in patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis. Am J Managed Care 5 suppl (1999) S235-S247
26. Meltzer E.O., Casale T.B., Nathan R.A., et al. Once-daily fexofenadine HCl improves quality of life and reduces work and activity impairment in patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 83 (1999) 311-317
27. Lamb C.E., Ratner P.H., Johnson C.E., et al. Economic impact of workplace productivity losses due to allergic rhinitis compared with select medical conditions in the United States from an employer perspective. Curr Med Res Opin 22 (2006) 1203-1210
28. Ray N.F., Baraniuk J.N., Thamer M., et al. Direct expenditures for the treatment of allergic rhinoconjunctivitis in 1996, including the contributions of related airway illnesses. J Allergy Clin Immunol 103 (1999) 401-407
29. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Fast Stats A-Z. Vital and Health Statistics. National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey, 2003 Summary, Table 13. October 4, 2005. http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastfacts/allergies.htm.
30. Roundtable discussion, The health and economic impact of rhinitis. Am J Manag Care 3 (1997) S8-S18
31. Crystal-Peters J., Crown W.H., Goetzel R.Z., et al. The cost of productivity losses associated with allergic rhinitis. Am J Manag Care 6 (2000) 373-378
32. Bousquet J., Van Cauwenberge P., Khaltaev N., and ARIA Workshop Group; World Health Organization. Allergic rhinitis and its impact on asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 108 (2001) S147-S334
33. Prenner B.M., and Schenkel E. Allergic rhinitis: treatment based on patient profiles. Am J Med 119 (2006) 230-237
34. Gelfand E.W., Plaut M., and Washington T. Current trends in allergic rhinitis: a multidisciplinary approach to patient management. Clinician 21 (2003) 1-19
35. Lund V.J. Seasonal allergic rhinitis-a review of current therapy. Allergy 51 28 suppl (1996) 5-7
36. Physicians' Desk Reference (2006), Medical Economics Company, Montvale, NJ
37. Simons F.E. Advances in H1-antihistamines. N Engl J Med 351 (2004) 2203-2217
38. Meltzer E., Prenner B., Nayak A., and Desloratadine Study Group. Efficacy and tolerability of once-daily 5 mg desloratadine, an H1-receptor antagonist, in patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis: assessment during the spring and fall allergy seasons. Clin Drug Invest 21 (2001) 25-32
39. Berger W.E., Schenkel E.J., Mansfield L.E., and Desloratadine Study Group. Safety and efficacy of desloratadine 5 mg in asthma patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis and nasal congestion. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 89 (2002) 485-491
40. Simons F.E., Prenner B.M., Finn A., and Desloratadine Study Group. Efficacy and safety of desloratadine in the treatment of perennial allergic rhinitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 111 (2003) 617-622
41. Bousquet J., Duchateau J., Pignat J.C., et al. Improvement of quality of life by treatment with cetirizine in patients with perennial allergic rhinitis as determined by a French version of the SF-36 questionnaire. J Allergy Clin Immunol 98 (1996) 309-316
42. Carlsen K.H., Kramer J., Fagertun H.E., et al. Loratadine and terfenadine in perennial allergic rhinitis. Treatment of nonresponders to the one drug with the other drug. Allergy 48 (1993) 431-436
43. Meltzer E.O., Malmstrom K., Lu S., et al. Concomitant montelukast and loratadine as treatment for seasonal allergic rhinitis: a randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial. J Allergy Clin Immunol 105 (2000) 917-922
44. Simons F.E.R. H1-receptor antagonists: safety issues. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 83 (1999) 481-488
45. Meltzer E.O. Productivity costs of antihistamines in the workplace. Occup Health Saf 65 (1996) 46-50
46. Gengo F., Gabos C., and Miller J.K. The pharmacodynamics of diphenhydramine-induced drowsiness and changes in mental performance. Clin Pharmacol Ther 45 (1989) 15-21
47. Kay G.G., Berman B., Mockoviak S.H., et al. Initial and steady-state effects of diphenhydramine and loratadine on sedation, cognition, mood and psychomotor performance. Arch Intern Med 157 (1997) 2350-2356
48. Gilmore T.M., Alexander B.H., Mueller B.A., et al. Occupational injuries and medication use. Am J Ind Med 30 (1996) 234-239
49. Kay G.G. The effects of antihistamines on cognition and performance. J Allergy Clin Immunol 105 suppl (2000) S622-S627
50. Physicians' Desk Reference for Nonprescription Drugs (2006), Medical Economics Company, Montvale, NJ
51. Yap Y.G., and Camm A.J. Potential cardiac toxicity of H1-antihistamines. Clin Allergy Immunol 17 (2002) 389-419
52. Corren J., Storms W., Bernstein J., et al., Azelastine Cetirizine Trial No. 1 (ACT 1) Study Group. Effectiveness of azelastine nasal spray compared with oral cetirizine in patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis. Clin Ther 27 (2005) 543-553
53. Astelin® (azelastine) prescribing information. MedPointe Pharmaceuticals, August 2000.
54. Lefkowitz R.J., Hoffman B.B., and Taylor P. Neurotransmission: the autonomic and somatic motor nervous systems. In: Hardman J.G., Limbird E., and Molinoff P.B. (Eds). The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics. 9th ed. (1996), McGraw-Hill, New York 105-139
55. Grosclaude M., Mees K., Pinelli M.E., et al. Cetirizine and pseudoephedrine retard, given alone or in combination, in patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis. Rhinology 35 (1997) 67-73
56. McFadden E.A., Gungor A., Ng B., et al. Loratadine/pseudoephedrine for nasal symptoms in seasonal allergic rhinitis: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Ear Nose Throat J 79 (2000) 254 257-8,260
57. Schenkel E., Corren J., and Murray J.J. Efficacy of once-daily desloratadine/pseudoephedrine for relief of nasal congestion. Allergy Asthma Proc 23 (2002) 325-330
58. Department of Health and Human Services. Phenylpropanolamine-containing drug products for over-the-counter human use; tentative final monographs. Federal Register 70 245 (2005) 75988-75998
59. Kernan W.N., Viscoli C.M., Brass L.M., et al. Phenylpropanolamine and the risk of hemorrhagic stroke. N Engl J Med 343 (2000) 1826-1832
60. Beck R.A., Mercado D.L., Seguin S.M., et al. Cardiovascular effects of pseudoephedrine in medically controlled hypertensive patients. Arch Intern Med 152 (1992) 1242-1245
61. Black M.J., and Remsen K.A. Rhinitis medicamentosa. Can Med Assoc J 122 (1980) 881-884
62. Bachert C., van Cauwenberge P., Khaltaev N., et al. Allergic rhinitis and its impact on asthma (ARIA). Executive summary of the workshop report. Allergy 57 (2002) 841-855
63. Trangsrud A.J., Whitaker A.L., and Small R.E. Intranasal corticosteroids for allergic rhinitis. Pharmacotherapy 22 (2002) 1458-1467
64. Barnes P.J. Inhaled glucocorticoids for asthma. N Engl J Med 332 (1995) 868-875
65. Ciprandi G., Canonica W.G., Grosclaude M., et al. Effects of budesonide and fluticasone propionate in a placebo-controlled study on symptoms and quality of life in seasonal allergic rhinitis. Allergy 57 (2002) 586-591
66. Mandl M., Nolop K., Lutsky B.N., and 194-079 Study Group. Comparison of once daily mometasone furoate (Nasonex) and fluticasone propionate aqueous nasal sprays for the treatment of perennial rhinitis. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 79 (1997) 370-378
67. Stern M.A., Dahl R., Nielsen L.P., et al. A comparison of aqueous suspensions of budesonide nasal spray (128 micrograms and 256 micrograms once daily) and fluticasone propionate nasal spray (200 micrograms once daily) in the treatment of adult patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis. Am J Rhinol 11 (1997) 323-330
68. Day J., and Carrillo T. Comparison of the efficacy of budesonide and fluticasone propionate aqueous nasal spray for once daily treatment of perennial allergic rhinitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 102 (1998) 902-908
69. Weiner J.M., Abramson M.J., and Puy R.M. Intranasal corticosteroids versus oral H1 receptor antagonists in allergic rhinitis: systematic review of randomised controlled trials. BMJ 317 (1998) 1624-1629
70. Saengpanich S., deTineo M., Naclerio R.M., et al. Fluticasone nasal spray and the combination of loratadine and montelukast in seasonal allergic rhinitis. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 129 (2003) 557-562
71. Berkowitz R.B., Roberson S., Zora J., et al. Mometasone fumerate nasal spray is rapidly effective in the treatment of seasonal allergic rhinitis in an outdoor (park), acute exposure setting. Allergy Asthma Proc 20 (1999) 167-172
72. Berger W.E., Fineman S.M., Lieberman P., et al., Rhinitis Study Groups. Double-blind trials of azelastine nasal spray monotherapy versus combination therapy with loratadine tablets and beclomethasone nasal spray in patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 82 (1999) 535-541
73. Ratner P.H., van Bavel J.H., Martin B.G., et al. A comparison of the efficacy of fluticasone propionate aqueous nasal spray and loratadine, alone and in combination, for the treatment of seasonal allergic rhinitis. J Fam Pract 47 (1998) 118-125
74. Krahnke J., and Skoner D. Benefit and risk management for steroid treatment in upper airway diseases. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep 2 (2002) 507-512
75. Gross G., Jacobs R.L., Woodworth T.H., et al. Comparative efficacy, safety, and effect on quality of life of triamcinolone acetonide and fluticasone propionate aqueous nasal sprays in patients with fall seasonal allergic rhinitis. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 89 (2002) 56-62
76. Meltzer E.O. Clinical evidence for antileukotriene therapy in the management of allergic rhinitis. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 88 (2002) 23-29
77. Philip G., Malmstrom K., Hampel F.C., et al., Montelukast Spring Rhinitis Study Group. Montelukast for treating seasonal allergic rhinitis: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial performed in the spring. Clin Exp Allergy 32 (2002) 1020-1028
78. Nayak A.S., Philip G., Lu S., et al., Montelukast Fall Rhinitis Investigator Group. Efficacy and tolerability of montelukast alone or in combination with loratadine in seasonal allergic rhinitis: a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial performed in the fall. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 88 (2002) 592-600
79. Patel P., Philip G., Yang W., et al. Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of montelukast for treating perennial allergic rhinitis. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 95 (2005) 551-557
80. Nathan R.A. Pharmacotherapy for allergic rhinitis: a critical review of leukotriene receptor antagonists compared with other treatments. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 90 (2003) 182-190
81. Druce H.M., Wright R.H., Kossoff D., et al. Cholinergic nasal hyperreactivity in atopic subjects. J Allergy Clin Immunol 76 (1985) 445-452
82. Baroody F.M., Wagenmann M., and Naclerio R.M. Comparison of the secretory response of the nasal mucosa to methacholine and histamine. J Appl Physiol 74 (1993) 2661-2671
83. Baroody F.M., Ford S., Lichtenstein L.M., et al. Physiologic responses and histamine release after nasal antigen challenge. Effect of atropine. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 149 (1994) 1457-1465
84. Kaiser H.B., Findlay S.R., Georgitis J.W., et al. The anticholinergic agent, ipratropium bromide, is useful in the treatment of rhinorrhea associated with perennial allergic rhinitis. Allergy Asthma Proc 19 (1998) 23-29
85. Meltzer E.O., Orgel H.A., Bronsky E.A., et al. Ipratropium bromide aqueous nasal spray for patients with perennial allergic rhinitis: a study of its effect on their symptoms, quality of life, and nasal cytology. J Allergy Clin Immunol 90 (1992) 242-249
86. Bronsky E.A., Druce H., Findlay S.R., et al. A clinical trial of ipratropium bromide nasal spray in patients with perennial nonallergic rhinitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 95 (1995) 1117-1122
87. Grossman J., Banov C., Boggs P., et al. Use of ipratropium bromide nasal spray in chronic treatment of nonallergic perennial rhinitis, alone and in combination with other perennial rhinitis medications. J Allergy Clin Immunol 95 (1995) 1123-1127
88. Dockhorn R., Aaronson D., Bronsky E., et al. Ipratropium bromide nasal spray 0.03% and beclomethasone nasal spray alone and in combination for the treatment of rhinorrhea in perennial rhinitis. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 82 (1999) 349-359
89. Fell W.R., Mabry R.L., and Mabry C.S. Quality of life analysis of patients undergoing immunotherapy for allergic rhinitis. Ear Nose Throat J 76 (1997) 528-532 534-6
90. Walker S.M., Pajno G.B., Torres-Lima M., et al. Grass pollen immunotherapy for seasonal rhinitis and asthma: a randomized, controlled trial. J Allergy Clin Immunol 107 (2001) 87-93
91. Corrigan C.J., Kettner J., Doemer C., et al. Efficacy and safety of preseasonal-specific immunotherapy with an aluminium-adsorbed six-grass pollen allergoid. Allergy 60 (2005) 801-807
92. Ferrer M., Burches E., Pelaez A., et al. Double-blind, placebo-controlled study of immunotherapy with Parietaria judaica: clinical efficacy and tolerance. J Invest Allergol Clin Immunol 15 (2005) 283-292
93. Jutel M., Jaeger L., Suck R., et al. Allergen-specific immunotherapy with recombinant grass pollen allergens. J Allergy Clin Immunol 116 (2005) 608-613
94. Frew A.J., Powell R.J., Corrigan C.J., et al., UK Immunotherapy Study Group. Efficacy and safety of specific immunotherapy with SQ allergen extract in treatment-resistant seasonal allergic rhinoconjunctivitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 117 (2006) 319-325
95. Eng P.A., Borer-Reinhold M., Heijnen I.A., et al. Twelve-year follow-up after discontinuation of preseasonal grass pollen immunotherapy in childhood. Allergy 61 (2006) 198-201
96. Durham S.R., Walker S.M., Varga E.M., et al. Long-term clinical efficacy of grass-pollen immunotherapy. N Engl J Med 341 (1999) 468-475
97. Valovirta E. Capacity of specific immunotherapy in prevention of allergic asthma in children: the Preventive Allergy Treatment Study (PAT). J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol 7 (1997) 369-370
98. Moller C., Dreborg S., Ferdousi H.A., et al. Pollen immunotherapy reduces the development of asthma in children with seasonal rhinoconjunctivitis (the PAT-study). J Allergy Clin Immunol 109 (2002) 251-256
99. Polosa R., Li Gotti F., Mangano G., et al. Effect of immunotherapy on asthma progression, BHR and sputum eosinophils in allergic rhinitis. Allergy 59 (2004) 1224-1228
100. Polosa R., Al-Delaimy W.K., Russo C., et al. Greater risk of incident asthma cases in adults with allergic rhinitis and effect of allergen immunotherapy: a retrospective cohort study. Respir Res 6 (2005) 153
101. Des Roches A., Paradis L., Menardo J.L., et al. Immunotherapy with a standardized Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus extract. VI. Specific immunotherapy prevents the onset of new sensitizations in children. J Allergy Clin Immunol 99 (1997) 450-453
102. Pajno G.B., Barberio G., De Luca F., et al. Prevention of new sensitizations in asthmatic children monosensitized to house dust mite by specific immunotherapy. A six-year follow-up study. Clin Exp Allergy 31 (2001) 1392-1397
103. Purello-D'Ambrosio F., Gangemi S., Merendino R.A., et al. Prevention of new sensitizations in monosensitized subjects submitted to specific immunotherapy or not. A retrospective study. Clin Exp Allergy 31 (2001) 1295-1302
104. Theodoropoulos D.S., and Lockey R.F. Allergen immunotherapy: guidelines, update, and recommendations of the World Health Organization. Allergy Asthma Proc 21 (2000) 159-166
105. Canonica G.W., and Passalacqua G. Noninjection routes for immunotherapy. J Allergy Clin Immunol 111 (2003) 437-448
106. Cox L.S., Linnemann D.L., Nolte H., et al. Sublingual immunotherapy: a comprehensive review. J Allergy Clin Immunol 117 (2006) 1021-1035
107. Clavel R., Bousquet J., and Andre C. Clinical efficacy of sublingual-swallow immunotherapy: a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of a standardized five-grass-pollen extract in rhinitis. Allergy 53 (1998) 493-498
108. Milgrom H., Fick Jr. R.B., Su J.Q., et al., rhuMAb-E25 Study Group. Treatment of allergic asthma with monoclonal anti-IgE antibody. N Engl J Med 341 (1999) 1966-1973
109. Adelroth E., Rak S., Haahtela T., et al. Recombinant humanized mAb-E25, an anti-IgE mAb, in birch pollen-induced seasonal allergic rhinitis. Allergy Clin Immunol 106 (2000) 253-259
110. Casale T.B., Condemi J., LaForce C., et al., Omalizumab Seasonal Allergic Rhinitis Trial Group. Effect of omalizumab on symptoms of seasonal allergic rhinitis: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 286 (2001) 2956-2967
111. Kuehr J., Brauburger J., Zielen S., et al. Efficacy of combination treatment with anti-IgE plus specific immunotherapy in polysensitized children and adolescents with seasonal allergic rhinitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 109 (2002) 274-280
112. Graziano F.M., Stahl J.L., Barney N.P., et al. Olopatadine inhibits histamine-stimulated IL-8 release from human nasal epithelial cells in vitro. (abstract 202). J Allergy Clin Immunol 115 (2005) S50
113. Patel P., Wall G.M., Benninger P.J., et al. Dose response, duration and onset of action of olopatadine nasal spray (2004) Poster no. 258 presented at the American College of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Annual Meeting. November 12-17, Boston, MA.
114. Ratner P.H., Hampel F.C., Amar N.J., et al. Safety and efficacy of olopatadine hydrochloride nasal spray for the treatment of seasonal allergic rhinitis to mountain cedar. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 95 (2005) 474-479
115. Meltzer E.O., Hampel F.C., Ratner P.H., et al. Safety and efficacy of olopatadine hydrochloride nasal spray for the treatment of seasonal allergic rhinitis. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 95 (2005) 600-606
116. Christie P. Ciclesonide: a novel inhaled corticosteroid for asthma. Drugs Today (Barc) 40 (2004) 569-578
117. Ratner P.H., van Bavel J.H., Hampel F., et al. Dose-dependent effectiveness of ciclesonide nasal spray in the treatment of seasonal allergic rhinitis. (abstract). J Allergy Clin Immunol suppl (2004) S28
118. Blaiss M.S. Cognitive, social, and economic costs of allergic rhinitis. Allergy Asthma Proc 21 (2000) 7-13
119. McLoughlin J., Nall M., Isaacs B., et al. The relationship of allergies and allergy treatment to school performance and student behavior. Ann Allergy 51 (1983) 506-510
120. Slavin R.G. Occupational rhinitis. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 90 suppl (2003) 2-6
121. Hanrahan L.P., and Paramore L.C. Aeroallergens, allergic rhinitis, and sedating antihistamines: risk factors for traumatic occupational injury and economic impact. Am J Ind Med 44 (2003) 438-446
122. Weiler J.M., Bloomfield J.R., Woodworth G.G., et al. Effects of fexofenadine, diphenhydramine, and alcohol on driving performance. A randomized, placebo-controlled trial in the Iowa driving simulator. Ann Intern Med 132 (2000) 354-363
123. Bousquet J., Knani J., Dhivert H., et al. Quality of life in asthma. I. Internal consistency and validity of the SF-36 questionnaire. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 149 (1994) 371-375
124. Blaiss M.S. Important aspects in management of allergic rhinitis: compliance, cost, and quality of life. Allergy Asthma Proc 24 (2003) 231-238
125. Ford S., Schofield T., and Hope T. What are the ingredients for a successful evidence-based patient choice consultation?: A qualitative study. Soc Sci Med 56 (2003) 589-602
126. Epstein R.M., Alper B.S., and Quill T.E. Communicating evidence for participatory decision making. JAMA 291 (2004) 2359-2366
127. Waitzkin H. Doctor-patient communication: clinical implications of social scientific research. JAMA 252 (1984) 2441-2446
128. Braddock III C.H., Fihn S.D., Levinson W., et al. How doctors and patients discuss routine clinical decisions. Informed decision making in the outpatient setting. J Gen Intern Med 12 (1997) 339-345
129. Braddock III C.H., Edwards K.A., Hasenberg N.M., et al. Informed decision making in outpatient practice: time to get back to basics. JAMA 282 (1999) 2313-2320