The phoenician inscription of Azatiwada: An integrated reading

Journal of Semitic Studies

Volumn 43, Issue 1, 1998, Pages 11-48

  Younger Jr , K Lawson ^a  

^a LETOURNEAU UNIVERSITY   (United States)

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[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 34248767807     PISSN: 00224480     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/jss/43.1.11     Document Type: Article

References (32)

1. For a preliminary report, see Dinçol (1994), 117-28.
2. See also Röllig (1992), 98.
3. Dinçol (1994), 124.
4. The final imprecations of C (which are directed against any interference with the statue) diverge considerably from the parallel portion of A and B (which are directed against interference with the gates). Even so, there seems to be good evidence that the Phoenician text is derived from a text originally conceived in Luwian, though that text may not have been precisely that of the two Luwian versions finally inscribed. See: Amadasi Guzzo and Archi (1980), 101-2;
5. Stylistic analysis of the sculpture suggests dates ranging from the ninth to the eighth century. See Winter (1979), 116-51.
6. The analysis of the hieroglyphic graphic usage indicates a date in the last part of the eighth century BCE. For the most recent discussion, see Hawkins (1995), 1304.
7. Azatiwada was a high official (not a king) whom Awariku exalted. This vassal relationship of Azatiwada was first suggested by Levi Della Vida (1949), 277-82.
8. Que is mentioned in 1Kgs 10:28; 2 Chron. 1:16.
9. Lipiński (1995), 1326. Farther to the west, a seventh-century Phoenician inscription from the slopes of Cebel Ires Daǧi, in Cilicia Aspera, mentions another king Awariku.
10. See the report in Gates (1995), 217-18. The editio princeps of the Incirli stela is to be published by S. A. Kaufman, B. Zuckerman, and E. Carter.
11. Meriggi (1967), 69-103;
12. Marazzi (1990), 365-7.
13. For the phrase yhcombining dot beloww 'nk 'yt dnnym :: 'I caused the Danunians to live', see Amadasi Guzzo (1984), 109-18.
14. This verb yrhcombining dot belowb and the verb of the previous line yhcombining dot beloww should be understood as yiph'il inf. absolutes. See Krahmalkov (1987), 80;
15. Segert (1976), 197 §64.61;
16. Solá-Solé (1961), 110-18.
17. For the text of Shalmaneser III, see the Assur statue of Shalmaneser III, Michel (1947), 57-71;
18. Concerning the phrase mšbrt mlscombining dot belowm, see Illuminations from the Hieroglyphic Luwian, no. 3.
19. Hapax. Possibly cognate to Akk. tarāku 'to beat, strike, smash'. See Bron (1976), 53-54;
20. and Müller (1985), 1:641, n. 9a.
21. The meaning is uncertain (see Bron [1979], 60-62).
22. For why should Phoenician not have formed the plural of 'b with the ending ōt, just like Hebrew?' (Ginsberg [1973], 138).
23. Based on the hier. 'Azatiwataya'. The suffix y represents the Luwian and not the Phoenician morpheme (see Hawkins, Morpurgo Davies and Neumann [1973], 158-9).
24. Also, the HL supports the interpretation: 'Now all the river-land shall offer a sacrifice to him: a yearly sacrifice: an ox; and at the time (season) of plowing: a sheep; and at the time (season) of reaping/harvest: a sheep' (see Hawkins and Morpurgo Davies [1978], 117;
25. Morpurgo Davies and Hawkins [1987], 272).
26. I follow Barré in parsing llty as a infinitive construct with a specifically precative nuance. For a discussion of a precative use of l + infinitive at Qumran, see Qimron (1986), 70-72.
27. Contra Segert (1976), 174-5;
28. Rulers, on occasion in the ancient Near East, did use religious titles as royal titles (e.g. Idrimi - 'The servant of Tešub', see Longman [1991], 60-66).
29. See, e.g. Amadasi Guzzo and Archi (1980), 100-102.
30. 2, 137f.,
31. We know that in Hittite constructions, the supine determines the syntax of the rest of the sentence (cf. Kammenhuber, Elementarbuch, op. cit. 52). Here too i-zi-sa-tu-na governs the accusative pronoun.'
32. Meriggi translated the HL: 'e a lui onorare decorra (?) ogni sacrificio . . .' and the Phoen.: 'e un sacrificio cruento decorre per tutte le libazioni . . .' ([1967], 2:82-3).