Exeter Book Riddle 15: Some points for the porcupine

Anglia

Volumn 120, Issue 4, 2003, Pages 461-487

  Bitterli, Dieter ^a  

^a NONE

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EID: 34248733174     PISSN: 03405222     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1515/ANGL.2002.461     Document Type: Review

References (70)

1. The Exeter Book, ed. George Philip Krapp and Elliott van Kirk Dobbie, The Anglo-Saxon Poetic Records 3 (New York, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, Columbia UP, 1936) 180-210, 224-5 and 229-243
2. I follow their numbering. More recent editions are those by Williamson, Pinsker and Ziegler, and Muir, who provides the most comprehensive bibliography to date; cf. The Old English Riddles of the Exeter Book, ed. Craig Williamson (Chapel Hill: U of North Carolina P, 1977)
3. Die altenglischen Rätsel des Exeterbuchs, ed. and trans. Hans Pinsker and Waltraud Ziegler, Anglistische Forschungen 183 (Heidelberg: Winter, 1985)
4. The Exeter Anthology of Old English Poetry: An Edition of Exeter Dean and Chapter MS 3501, ed. Bernard J. Muir, 2nd ed., 2 vols. (Exeter: U of Exeter P, 2000)
5. See Texts and Transmission: a Survey of the Latin Classics, ed. L. D. Reynolds (Oxford: Clarendon, 1983) 12-3
6. Joseph P. McGowan, "An Introduction to the Corpus of Anglo-Latin Literature", A Companion to Anglo-Saxon Literature, ed. P. Pulsiano and E. Treharne (Oxford: Blackwell, 2001) 11-49, at 22-3
7. Ed. Glorie 1968, 359-540; Aldhelm, The Poetic Works, trans. Michael Lapidge and James L. Rosier (Cambridge: Brewer, 1985) 70-94 and 247-55
8. Mark Bryant, Dictionary of Riddles (London, New York: Routledge, 1990) 21
9. Aldhelm, De metris X, and De pedum regulis CXIII and CXXI, ed. R. Ehwald, Aldhelmi Opera, MGH, Auctores antiquissimi 15 (Berlin, 1919) 95, 154 and 167
10. see Andy Orchard, The Poetic Art of Aldhelm, Cambridge Studies in Anglo-Saxon England 8 (Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1994) 155-61
11. Significantly, Aldhelm also avoids the tristich, the three-line verse pattern employed by Symphosius; see Peter Dale Scott, "Rhetorical and Symbolic Ambiguity: the Riddles of Symphosius and Aldhelm", Saints, Scholars and Heroes: Studies in Medieval Culture in Honour of Charles W. Jones, ed. M. H. King and W. M. Stevens, 2 vols. (Collegeville: Hill Monastic Manuscript Library, 1979) 1: 117-44, at 133
12. J. D. A. Ogilvy, Books Known to the English: 597-1066 (Cambridge: Mediaeval Academy of America, 1967) 247
13. A. G. Rigg and G. R. Wieland, "A Canterbury Classbook of the Mid-Eleventh Century (The 'Cambridge Songs' Manuscript)", Anglo-Saxon England 4 (1975): 113-30
14. Katherine O'Brien O'Keeffe, "The Text of Aldhelm's Enigma no. C in Oxford, Bodleian Library, Rawlinson C. 697 and Exeter Riddle 40", ibid. 14 (1985): 61-73, at 64-6
15. Helmut Gneuss, Handlist of Anglo-Saxon Manuscripts: a List of Manuscripts and Manuscript Fragments Written or Owned in England up to 1100, Medieval and Renaissance Texts and Studies 241 (Tempe: Arizona Center for Medieval and Renaissance Studies, 2001), nos. 12 and 478; cf. also nos. 252, 489, 493, 661, 845, 850
16. See Old English Riddles, ed. and trans. F. H. Whitman (Ottawa: Canadian Federation for the Humanities, 1982) 108-33
17. On the history of this riddle in the Middle Ages and in European folk literature, see Frederick Tupper, "The Comparative Study of Riddles", Modern Language Review 18 (1903): 1-8, at 3
18. The Riddles of the Exeter Book, ed. Frederick Tupper (Boston: Ginn, 1910) 225-6
19. and Robert Petsch, "Rätselstudien", Zeitschrift des Vereins für Volkskunde 26 (1916): 1-18, at 2-8
20. See Wim Tigges, "Snakes and Ladders: Ambiguity and Coherence in the Exeter Book Riddles and Maxims", Companion to Old English Poetry, ed. Henk Aertsen and Rolf H. Bremmer (Amsterdam: VU UP, 1994) 95-118, at 99-100
21. Marie Nelson, "The Rhetoric of the Exeter Book Riddles", Speculum 49 (1974): 421-40, at 421
22. and "Old English Riddle No. 15: The 'Badger': An Early Example of Mock Heroic", Neophilologus 59 (1975): 447-50
23. Edward B. Irving, "Heroic Experience in the Old English Riddles", Old English Shorter Poems: Basic Readings, ed. K. O'Brian O'Keeffe, Basic Readings in Anglo-Saxon England 3 (New York: Garland, 1994) 199-212, at 202
24. Eric Gerald Stanley, "Heroic Aspects of the Exeter Book Riddles", Prosody and Poetics in the Early Middle Ages: Essays in Honour of C. B. Hieatt, ed. M. J. Toswell (Toronto: U of Toronto P, 1995) 197-218
25. The only exception is Jember, who offers the unlikely solution "man" without any supporting argument; cf. The Old English Riddles, trans. G. K. Jember (Denver: Society for New Language Study, 1976) 54
26. For a list of solutions proposed until 1980 see Donald K. Fry, "Exeter Book Riddle Solutions", Old English Newsletter 15 (1981): 22-33, at 23
27. Richard Jordan, Die altenglischen Säugetiernamen, Anglistische Forschungen 12 (Heidelberg: Winter, 1903) 43-4
28. F. Dietrich, "Die Räthsel des Exeterbuchs. Würdigung, Lösung und Herstellung", Zeitschrift für deutsches Altertum 11 (1859): 448-90, at 465
29. August Prehn, Komposition und Quellen der Rätsel des Exeterbuches (Paderborn, 1883) 36-8
30. Old English Riddles, ed. A. J. Wyatt (Boston: D. C. Heath, 1912) 74-5
31. Die altenglischen Rätsel (Die Rätsel des Exeterbuchs), ed. Moritz Trautmann, Alt- und Mittelenglische Texte 8 (Heidelberg: Winter, 1915) 77-8
32. The Exeter Book: Part II: Poems IX-XXXII, ed. and trans. W. S. Mackie, EETS O.S. 194 (London etc., 1934) 240
33. A. E. H. Swaen, "Riddle XIII (XVI)", Neophilologus 26 (1941): 228-31; Baum 1963, 27; Nelson 1975; Whitman 1982, 225
34. - See M. Wellmann, "Dachs", Paulys Realencyclopädie der classischen Altertumswissenschaft, ed. G. Wissowa et al., 49 vols. (Stuttgart: Metzler, 1893-1978) 4: 1948
35. Ch. Hünemörder, "Dachs", Der neue Pauly: Enzyklopädie der Antike, ed. H. Cancik et al. (Stuttgart, WeiMar: Metzler, 1996-) 3: 257
36. Ch. Hünemörder and G. Keil, "Dachs", Lexikon des Mittelalters, ed. R. Auty et al., 10 vols. (München, Zürich: Artemis, 1980-99) 3: 427-8
37. An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary, ed. J. Bosworth and T. N. Toller (Oxford: Clarendon, 1882-98) 271-2, with Supplement, ed. T. N. Toller (Oxford: Clarendon, 1908-21) 207
38. W. E. Mead, "Color in Old English Poetry", PMLA 14 (1899): 169-206, at 198-9
39. L. D. Lerner, "Colour Words in Anglo-Saxon", Modern Language Review 46 (1951), 246-9, at 247-8
40. Nigel F. Barley, "Old English Colour Classification: Where Do Matters Stand?" Anglo-Saxon England 3 (1974), 15-28, at 21-5
41. Lois Bragg, "Color Words in 'Beowulf'", Proceedings of the PMR Conference: Annual Publication of the Patristic, Medieval and Renaissance Conference 6 (1981), 47-55, at 48-50
42. The Oxford English Dictionary, ed. J. A. H. Murray et al., 2nd ed., ed. J. A. Simpson, E. S. C. Weiner, 20 vols. (Oxford: Oxford UP 1989) 5: 696 (s.v. 'fallow')
43. The Wanderer, l. 46 (ibid. 135)
44. Gordon B. Corbet and Stephen Harris, The Handbook of British Mammals, 3rd ed. (Oxford: Blackwell, 1991) 417
45. Cyril Brett, "Notes on Old and Middle English", Modern Language Review 22 (1927): 257-64, at 258-9; Williamson 1977, 173-8
46. Symphosius, Aenigm. 34, Glorie 1968, 655, with Ohl's translation which I reprint here
47. Ch. Hünemörder, "Fuchs", Der neue Pauly 4: 686-8
48. Physiologus, trans. Michael J. Curley (Austin, London: U of Texas P, 1979) 27-8
49. See Beryl Rowland, Animals with Human Faces: a Guide to Animal Symbolism (London: George Allen & Unwin, 1974) 76-80
50. Nikolaus Henkel, Studien zum Physiologus im Mittelalter, Hermaea 38 (Tübingen: Niemeyer, 1976) 188-9
51. Wilma George and Brunsdon Yapp, The Naming of the Beasts: Natural History in the Medieval Bestiary (London: Duckworth, 1991) 70-1
52. Debra Hassig, Medieval Bestiaries: Text, Image, Ideology (Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1995) 62-71
53. J. I. Young, "Riddle 15 of the Exeter Book", Review of English Studies O.S. 20 (1944): 304-6
54. John A. Walz, "Notes on the Anglo-Saxon Riddles", Harvard Studies and Notes 5 (1896): 261-8, at 261-3
55. Ferdinand Holthausen, "Zur Textkritik altenglischer Dichtungen", Englische Studien 37 (1907): 198-211, at 206-7
56. Other Old English glosses are: se Mara il and simply iil. See Thomas Wright, Anglo-Saxon and Old English Vocabularies, ed. R. P. Wülcker, vol. 1, 2nd ed. (London, 1884) 25 and 430; Bosworth and Toller 1882-98, 587, and Supplement, Toller 1908-21, 589 (s.v. 'igil'); Jordan 1903, 73
57. Ronald M. Nowak, Walker's Mammals of the World, 6th ed., 2 vols. (Baltimore, London: Johns Hopkins UP, 1999) 1647-9
58. Aristotle, Hist. animal. IX 39, 623a
59. Aelian, De nat. animal. l.31
60. For the classical tradition, see Otto Keller, Die antike Tierwelt, 2 vols. (Leipzig, 1909-13, repr. Hildesheim: Olms, 1963) I: 207-9
61. A. Steier, "Stachelschwein", Paulys Realencyclopädie ll. 3: 1927-9
62. Isidore, Etym. XII.ii.35 (Lindsay 1911); cf. André 1986, 116-9
63. For the medieval tradition, see Ch. Hünemörder, "Stachelschwein", Lexikon des Mittelalters 7: 2167
64. For the emblematic tradition, see Henry Green, Shakespeare and the Emblem Writers (London, 1870) 124 and 231-32
65. Rowland 1974, 133; Emblemata: Handbuch zur Sinnbildkunst des XVI. und XVII. Jahrhunderts, ed. A. Henkel and A. Schöne, 2nd ed. (Stuttgart: Metzler, 1976) 485-6
66. See G. Storch, "Stachelschweine" Grzimeks Enzyklopädie: Säugetiere, vol. 3 (München: Kindler, 1988) 300-307, at 302: "angreifenden Hunden können Hals und Brust mit tödlichem Ausgang durchbohrt werden"
67. See Reynolds 1983, 194-6; 307-16 and 391-3
68. See Ogilvy 1967, 167-8; Michael Lapidge, "An Isidorian Epitome from Early Anglo-Saxon England", Romanobarbarica 10 (1988-9): 443-83
69. See Michael Lapidge, "Surviving Booklists from Anglo-Saxon England", Anglo-Saxon Manuscripts: Basic Readings, ed. M. P. Richards, Basic Readings in Anglo-Saxon England 2 (New York, London: Garland, 1994) 87-167, at 135 and 138
70. See N. Howe, "Aldhelm's Enigmata and Isidorian Etymology", Anglo-Saxon England 14 (1985): 37-59; von Erhardt-Siebold 1925, 169-240