Visiting london relatives

English World-Wide

Volumn 27, Issue 1, 2006, Pages 45-70

  Levey, Stephen ^a  

^a QUEEN MARY UNIVERSITY OF LONDON   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Animacy; Language variation; London; Preadolescent dialect; Relative clause; Relativizer

Indexed keywords

EID: 34248699316     PISSN: 01728865     EISSN: 15699730     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1075/eww.27.1.04lev     Document Type: Article

References (61)

1. Aitchison, Jean. 1992. “Relative clauses in Tok Pisin: Is there a natural pathway?” In Marinel Gerritsen and Dieter Stein, eds. Internal and External Factors in Syntactic Change. Berlin, New York: Mouton de Gruyter, 295-316.
2. Ball, Catherine. 1996. “A diachronic study of relative markers in spoken and written English”. Language Variation and Change 8: 227-58.
3. Bayley, Robert. 2002. “The quantative paradigm”. In Jack Chambers, Peter Trudgill and Natalie Schilling-Estes, eds. The Handbook of Language Variation and Change. Oxford: Blackwell, 117-41.
4. Beal, Joan and Karen Corrigan. 2002. “Relatives in Tyneside and Northumbrian English”. In Poussa, ed.: 125-34.
5. Bever, Terence and Terence Langendoen. 1971. “A dynamic model of the evolution of language”. Linguistic Inquiry 2: 433-65.
6. Bynon, Theodora. 1977. Historical Linguistics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
7. Cheshire, Jenny. 1982. Variation in an English Dialect: A Sociolinguistic Study. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
8. Cheshire, Jenny. 1999. “Taming the vernacular: Some repercussions for the study of syntactic variation and spoken grammar”. Cuadernos de Filologia Inglesa 8: 59-80.
9. Cheshire, Jenny, Viv Edwards and Pamela Whittle. 1993. “Non-standard English and dialect leveling”. In Milroy and Milroy, eds.: 53-96.
10. Cofer, Thomas. 1975. “Performance constraints on relative pronoun deletion” Linguistics 15: 13-32.
11. Dasinger, Lisa and Cecile Toupin. 1994. “The development of relative clause functions in narrative” In Ruth Berman and Dan Slobin, eds. Relating Events in Narrative: A Crosslinguistic Developmental Study. Hillsdale, N.J.: Erlbaum, 457-514.
12. Denison, David. 1998. “Syntax” In Suzanne Romaine, ed. The Cambridge History of the English Language. Vol. 4: 1776-1797. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 92-326.
13. Edwards, Viv.1993. “The grammar of southern British English” In Milroy and Milroy, eds.: 214-38.
14. Fischer, Olga. 1992. “Syntax”. In Norman Blake, ed. The Cambridge History of the English Language. Vol. 2: 1066-1476. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 207-408.
15. Fischer, Olga, Ans van Kemenade, Willem Koopman and Wim van der Wurff, eds. 2000. The Syntax of Early English. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
16. Forby, Robert. 1830/1970. The Vocabulary of East Anglia. New York: A.M. Kelley.
17. Geisler, Christine. 2002. “Relativization in Ulster English”. In Poussa, ed.: 135-46.
18. Henry, Alison. 1995. Belfast English and Standard English: Dialect Variation and Parameter Setting. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
19. Hopper, Paul and Elizabeth Traugott. 1993. Grammaticalization. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
20. Hughes, Arthur and Peter Trudgill. 1979. English Accents and Dialects. London: Edward Arnold.
21. Ihalainen, Ossi. 1980. “Relative clauses in the dialect of Somerset”. Neuphilologische Mitteilungen 81: 187-96.
22. Keenan, Edward. 1985. “Relative clauses” In Timothy Shopen, ed. Language Typology and Syntactic Description. Vol. 2: Complex Constructions. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 141-70.
23. Keenan, Edward and Bernard Comrie. 1977. “Noun phrase accessibility and universal grammar”. Linguistic Inquiry 8: 63-99.
24. Labov, William. 1970. “The study of language in its social context” Studium Generale 23: 30-87.
25. Macaulay, Ronald. 1991. Locating Dialect in Discourse. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
26. McDaniel, Dana, Cecile McKee and Judy Bernstein. 1998. “How children’s relatives solve a problem for minimalism”. Language 74: 308-34.
27. McMahon, April. 1994. Understanding Language Change. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
28. Miller, Jim and Regina Weinert. 1998. Spontaneous Spoken Language: Syntax and Discourse. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
29. Milroy, James and Lesley Milroy, eds. 1993. Real English: The Grammar of English Dialects in the British Isles. London: Longman.
30. Milroy, Lesley and Matthew Gordon. 2003. Sociolinguistics: Method and Interpretation. Oxford: Blackwell.
31. Mufwene, Salikoko. 1986. “Restrictive relativization in Gullah” Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages 1: 1-31.
32. Mustanoja, Tauno. 1960. A Middle English Syntax. Helsinki: Société Néophilologique.
33. Nevalainen, Terttu and Helena Raumolin-Brunberg. 2002. “The rise of the relative who in Early Modern English”. In Poussa, ed.: 109-21.
34. Orton, Harold, Michael Barry, WJ. Halliday, P.M. Tilling and Martyn Wakelin, eds. 1963/1971. Survey of English Dialects. Vols. 1-4. Leeds: Edward Arnold.
35. Orton, Harold, Stewart Sanderson and John Widdowson, eds. 1978. The Linguistic Atlas of England. London: Croom Helm.
36. Peitsara, Kirsti. 2002. “Relativizers in the Suffolk dialect” In Poussa, ed.: 167-80.
37. Poussa, Patricia. 1988. “The relative what: Two kinds of evidence” In Jacek Fisiak, ed. Historical Dialectology. Berlin, New York: Mouton de Gruyter, 443-74.
38. Poussa, Patricia. 1994. “Norfolk relatives (Broadland)” In Wolfgang Viereck, ed. Verhandlungen des Internationalen Dialektologenkongresses Bamberg 1990. Stuttgart: Steiner, 418-26.
39. Poussa, Patricia. 2002. “North Sea relatives: Introduction”. In Poussa, ed.: 1-23
40. Poussa, Patricia, ed. 2002. Relativisation on the North Sea Littoral. Munich: Lincom Europa.
41. Quirk, Randolph. 1957. “Relative clauses in educated spoken English”. English Studies 38: 97-109.
42. Radford, Andrew. 1988. Transformational Grammar: A First Course. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
43. Rickford, John, Norma Mendoza-Denton, Thomas Wasow and Julie Espinoza. 1995. “Syntactic change in progress: Loss of the verbal coda in topic-restricting as far as constructions”. Language 71: 102-31.
44. Romaine, Suzanne. 1980. “The relative clause marker in Scots English: Diffusion, complexity and style as dimensions of syntactic change” Language in Society 9: 221-49.
45. Romaine, Suzanne. 1982. Socio-historical Linguistics: Its Status and Methodology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
46. Romaine, Suzanne. 1984a. The Language of Children and Adolescents. Oxford: Blackwell.
47. Romaine, Suzanne. 1984b. “Towards a typology of relative clause formation strategies in Germanic” In Jacek Fisiak, ed. Historical Syntax. Berlin, New York: Mouton de Gruyter, 437-70.
48. Romaine, Suzanne. 1992. Language, Education and Development: Urban and Rural Tok Pisin in Papua New Guinea. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
49. Seppänen, Aimo. 1999. “Dialectal variation in English relativization” Lingua 109: 15-34.
50. Sigley, Robert. 1997. “The influence of formality and channel on relative pronoun choice in New Zealand English”. English Language and Linguistics 1: 207-32.
51. Strang, Barbara. 1970. A History of English. London: Routledge.
52. Suner, Margarita. 1998. “Resumptive restrictive relatives: A cross-linguistic perspective”. Language 74: 335-64.
53. Tagliamonte, Sali. 1998. Roots of Identity: Variation and Grammaticisation in Contemporary British English. ESRC Project R000221842.
54. Tagliamonte, Sali. 2002. “Variation and change in the British relative marker system”. In Poussa, ed.: 147-65.
55. Tagliamonte, Sali, Jennifer Smith and Helen Lawrence. 2005. “No taming the vernacular! Insights from the relatives in northern Britain”. Language Variation and Change 17: 75-112.
56. Tottie, Gunnel. 1997. “Relatively speaking: Relative marker usage in the British National Corpus”. In Terttu Nevalainen and Leena Kahlas-Tarkka, eds. To Explain the Present: Studies in the Changing English Language in Honour of Matti Rissanen. Helsinki: Mémoires de la Société Néophilologique de Helsinki 52, 465-81.
57. Tottie, Gunnel and Michel Rey. 1997. “Relativization strategies in Earlier African American Vernacular English”. Language Variation and Change 9: 219-47.
58. Tottie, Gunneland Dawn Harvie. 2000. “It’s all relative: Relativization strategies in Early African American English” In Shana Poplack, ed. The English History of African American English. Oxford: Blackwell, 198-230.
59. Trudgill, Peter. 1974. The Social Differentiation of English in Norwich. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
60. Trudgill, Peter. 1990. The Dialects of England. Oxford: Blackwell.
61. van den Eynden Morpeth, Nadine. 2002. “Relativizers in the southwest of England”. In Poussa, ed.: 181-94.