'I want to go back to the text': Response strategies on the reading subtest of the new TOEFL®

Language Testing

Volumn 24, Issue 2, 2007, Pages 209-250

  Cohen, Andrew D ^a   Upton, Thomas A ^b,c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA   (United States)

^b INDIANA UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^c Department of English ^*  (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 34248682680     PISSN: 02655322     EISSN: 14770946     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/0265532207076364     Document Type: Article

References (59)

1. Allan, A. 1992: Development and validation of a scale to measure test-wiseness in EFL/ESL reading test takers. Language Testing 9(2), 101-22.
2. Anderson, N.J. 1991: Individual differences in strategy use in second language reading and testing. Modern Language Journal 75(4), 460-72.
3. Bachman, L.F. and Palmer, A.S. 1996: Language testing in practice. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
4. Bernhardt, E. 1991: Reading development in a second language: Theoretical research and classroom perspectives. Norwood, NJ: Ablex.
5. Bhatia, V.K. 1993: Analysing genre: Language use in professional settings. London: Longman.
6. Block, E. 1986: The comprehension strategies of second language readers. TESOL Quarterly 20(3), 463-94.
7. Brown, A. 1993: The role of test taker feedback in the test development process: Test takers' reactions to a tape-mediated test of proficiency in spoken Japanese. Language Testing 10(3), 277-303.
8. Brown, A.L. and Day, J.D. 1983: Macrorules for summarizing texts: The development of expertise. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior 22(1), 1-14.
9. Carrell, P.L. and Grabe, W. 2002: Reading. In Schmitt, N., editor, An introduction to applied linguistics, London: Arnold, 233-50.
10. Cavalcanti, M.C. 1987: Investigating FL reading performance through pause protocols. In Faerch, C. and Kasper, G., editors, Introspection in second language research, Clevedon, UK: Multilingual Matters, 230-50.
11. Chou Hare, V. and Borchardt, K.M. 1984: Direct instruction of summarization skills. Reading Research Quarterly 20(1), 62-78.
12. Cohen, A.D. 1984: On taking language tests: What the students report. Language Testing 1(1), 70-81.
13. Cohen, A.D. 1991: Feedback on writing: The use of verbal reports. Studies in Second Language Acquisition 13(2), 133-59.
14. Cohen, A.D. 1994a: Assessing language ability in the classroom, second edition. Boston: Newbury House/Heinle and Heinle.
15. Cohen, A.D. 1994b: English for academic purposes in Brazil: The use of summary tasks. In Hill, C. and Parry, K., editors, From testing to assessment: English as an international language, London: Longman, 174-204.
16. Cohen, A.D. 2000: Exploring strategies in test taking: Fine-tuning verbal reports from respondents. In Ekbatani, G. and Pierson, H., editors, Learner-directed assessment in ESL, Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum, 131-45.
17. Cohen, A.D. 2005: Coming to terms with language learner strategies: What do strategy experts think about the terminology and where would they direct their research? Working Paper No. 12. Research Paper Series. Auckland, NZ: Centre for Research in International Education, AIS St. Helens. http://www.crie.org.nz/ research_paper/Andrew%20Cohen%20WP12.pdf.
18. Cohen, A.D. and Aphek, E. 1979: Easifying second language learning. A research report under the auspices of Brandeis University and submitted to the Jacob Hiatt Institute, Jerusalem. Educational Resources Information Center, ERIC ED 163 753.
19. Cohen, A.D. and Cavalcanti, M.C. 1987: Giving and getting feedback on compositions: A comparison of teacher and student verbal report. Evaluation and Research in Education 1(2), 63-73.
20. Cohen, A.D. and Cavalcanti, M.C. 1990: Feedback on compositions: Teacher and student verbal reports. In Kroll, B., editor, Second language writing: Research insights for the classroom, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 155-77.
21. Cohen, A.D., Glasman, H., Rosenbaum-Cohen, P.-R., Ferrara, J. and Fine, J. 1979: Reading English for specialized purposes: Discourse analysis and the use of student informants. TESOL Quarterly 13(4), 551-64.
22. Reprinted in Carrell P. L. et al., editors, 1988: Interactive approaches to second language reading, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 152-67.
23. Cohen, A.D. and Hosenfeld, C. 1981: Some uses of mentalistic data in second-language research. Language Learning 31(2), 285-313.
24. Cohen, A.D. and Upton, T.A. (2006): Strategies in responding to the New TOEFL reading tasks (TOEFL Monograph Series Report No. 33). Princeton, NJ: Educational Testing Service. http://www.ets.org/Media/Research/pdf/RR-06-06.pdf
25. Enright, M.K., Grabe, W., Koda, K., Mosenthal, P., Mulcahy-Ernt, P. and Schedl, M. 2000: TOEFL 2000 reading framework: A working paper (TOEFL Monograph Series Report No. 17). Princeton, NJ: Educational Testing Service.
26. Enright, M.K. and Schedl, M. April 2000: Reading for a reason: Using reader purpose to guide test design (A Draft TOEFL 2000 Report). Princeton, NJ: Educational Testing Service.
27. Ericsson, K.A. and Simon, H.A. 1993: Protocol analysis: Verbal reports as data, revised edition. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
28. ETS 2003: Task specifications for Next Generation TOEFL reading test. Unpublished work. Princeton, NJ: Educational Testing Service.
29. Fransson, A. 1984: Cramming or understanding? Effects of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation on approach to learning and test performance. In Alderson, J.C. and Urquhart, A.H., editors, Reading in a foreign language, London: Longman, 86-121.
30. Grabe, W. 2004: Research on teaching reading. Annual Review of Applied Linguistics 24, 44-69.
31. Green, A.J.F. 1998: Using verbal protocols in language testing research: A handbook. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
32. Hosenfeld, C. 1984: Case studies of ninth grade readers. In Alderson, J.C. and Urquhart, A.H., editors, Reading in a foreign language, London: Longman, 231-49.
33. Jamieson, J., Jones, S., Kirsch, I., Mosenthal, P., and Taylor, C. 1999: TOEFL 2000 framework: A working paper (TOEFL Monograph Series Report No. 16). Princeton, NJ: Educational Testing Service.
34. Jourdenais, R. 2001: Protocol analysis and SLA. In Robinson, P., editor, Cognition and second language acquisition, New York: Cambridge University Press, 354-75.
35. Kern, R.G. 1994: The role of mental translation in second language reading. Studies in Second Language Acquisition 16(4), 441-61.
36. Kintsch, W. and van Dijk, T.A. 1978: Toward a model of text comprehension and production. Psychological Review 85(5), 363-94.
37. LanguEdge Courseware: handbook for scoring speaking and writing. 2002: Princeton, NJ: Educational Testing Service.
38. LanguEdge Courseware Score Interpretation Guide. 2002: Princeton, NJ: Educational Testing Service.
39. Laufer, B. 1991: Similar lexical forms in interlanguage. Tübingen, Germany: Gunter Narr.
40. Leow, R.P. and Morgan-Short, K. 2004: To think aloud or not to think aloud: The issue of reactivity in SLA research methodology. Studies in Second Language Acquisition 26(1), 35-57.
41. Nevo, N. 1989: Test-taking strategies on a multiple-choice test of reading comprehension. Language Testing 6(2), 199-215.
42. Norusis, M. 1997: SPSS: Guide to data analysis. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
43. Porte, G.K. 2002: Appraising research in second language learning: A practical approach to critical analysis of quantitative research. Philadelphia: John Benjamins.
44. Pressley, M. and Afflerbach, P. 1995: Verbal protocols of reading: The nature of constructively responsive reading. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
45. Radford, J. 1974: Reflections on introspection. American Psychologist 29(4), 245-50.
46. Raimes, A. 1987: Language proficiency, writing ability, and composing strategies: A study of ESL college student writers. Language Learning 37(3), 439-67.
47. Singhal, M. 2001: Reading proficiency, reading strategies, metacognitive awareness and L2 readers. The Reading Matrix 1(1) [8 pages].
48. Skehan, P. 1998: Task-based instruction. Annual Review of Applied Linguistics 18, 268-86.
49. Skibniewski, L. 1990: The writing processes of advanced foreign language learners: Evidence from thinking aloud and behavior protocols. In Fisiak, J., editor, Papers and studies in contrastive linguistics, Poznan, Poland: Adam Mikiewicz University, 193-202.
50. Stemmer, B. 1991: What's on a C-test taker's mind: Mental processes in C-test taking. Bochum: Brockmeyer.
51. Swales, J. 1981: Aspects of article introduction. Birmingham, UK: The University of Aston, Language Studies Unit.
52. Swales, J. 1990: Genre analysis: English in academic and research settings. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
53. Upton, T.A. 1997: First and second language use in reading comprehension strategies of Japanese ESL students. TESL-EJ 3(1) [22 pages].
54. Upton, T.A. 1998: 'Yuk, the skin of insects!' Tracking sources of errors in second language reading comprehension. Journal of College Reading and Learning 29(1), 5-20.
55. Upton, T.A. and Lee-Thompson, Li-Chun. 2001: The role of the first language in second language reading. Studies in Second Language Acquisition 23(4), 469-95.
56. Urquhart, S. and Weir, C. 1998: Reading in a second language: Process, product and practice. Harlow, Essex: Longman.
57. Warren, J. 1996: How students pick the right answer: a 'think aloud' study of the French CAT. In Burston, J., Monville-Burston, M. and Warren, J., editors, Australian Review of Applied Linguistics, Occasional Paper No. 15, 79-94.
58. Williams, E. and Moran, C. 1989: Reading in a foreign language at intermediate and advanced levels with particular reference to English. Language Teaching 22(4), 217-28.
59. Zamel, V. 1983: The composing processes of advanced ESL students: Six case studies. TESOL Quarterly 17(2), 165-87.